guitarist试卷A 英语语言学

2021年1月20日发(作者：门庭若市)
试卷
A

I
．
Directions: Read each of the following statements c
arefully. Decide which one of the four choices best co
mpletes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D
in the brackets. (1%*20=20%)
1. The fact that different languages have different wo
rds for the same object is good proof that human langu
age is _______.
A. arbitrary B. non-arbitrary
C. logical D. non-productive
2. The distinction between langue and parole was made
by ________.
A. N. Chomsky B. F. de. Saussure
s Hockett William Jones
3. The fact that the ability to speak a language is tr
ansmitted from generation to generation through teachi
ng and learning rather than by instinct is usually ref
erred to as ________.
A. cultural transmission B. language acquisition
C. competence D. performance
4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate th
e host or the people present are likely to
say sui sui
ping an
( every year be safe and happy), what the fun
ction of this idiom among the functions of language?
A. Informative B. Interpersonal
C. Performative D. Phatic
5. When the obstruction, complete at first, is release
d slowly with the friction resulting from partial obst
ruction, the sounds thus produced are_______.
A. affricates B. fricatives
C. liquids D. alveolar
6. The sound
k
and
g
are separate ________.
A. allophones B. phonemes
C. morphemes D. allomorphs
7. Palatal semi-vowel refers to the sound________.
A. /n/ B. /h/
C. /w/ D. /j/
8. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with
rounded-lips, i.e . rounded, EXCEPT_____.
A. a: B. u: C. c: D. u
9. The word
“
antidisestablishmentarianism
”
contains
_______morphemes.
A.5 B.6 C.7 D.8
10. Morpheme that can occur
“
unattached
”
is called__
____.
A. inflectional B. bound
C. free D. derivational
11. .is that part of the word that carries the fundame
ntal meaning but has to be used in combination with ot
her morphemes to make words
A. Free root B. Bound root
C. Morpheme D. Bound morpheme
12. The compound
“
blackleg
”
can reflect which featur
e of the compound features?
A. Orthrographically B. Syntactically
C. Semantically D. phonetically
13. The utterance
“
We
‘
re already working 25 hours
a day , eight days a week .
”
obviously violates the m
axim of_________.
y B. quantity
C relation D. manner
14. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whos
e point is to commit the speaker to some future course
of action are called __________.
A. commisives B. directives
C. expressives D. declaratives
15.
“
Can I borrow your bike?
”
___________
“
You hav
e a bike
”

A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with
C. entails D. presupposes
16. The sentence
“
John reads quickly the linguistics
book..
”
is a wrong sentence because it violates the _
_____ rule.
A. adjacency condition B. case condition
C. X-bar theory D. Move a rule
17. In a simple sentence , the clause is called_______
_.
A. a matrix clause B. a subordinate clause
C. an embedded sentence D. a finite clause
18. The level of syntactic representation that exits b
efore movement takes place is communal termed the ____
__.
A. phrase structure B. surface structure
C. syntactic structure D. deep structure
19.
“
Words are names or labels for things .
”
This v
iew is called______ in semantic theory.
A. mentalism B. conceptualism
C. naming theory C. contextalism
20. The phenomenon that words having different meaning
s have the same form is called ________.
A. polysemy B. hyponymy
C. antonymy D. homonymy
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the follo
wing statements with one word, the first letter of whi
ch is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fi
ll in ONE word only. (1%*10=10%)
1. Language exists in time and changes through time. T
he description of a language at some point of time is
called a ___________ study of language.
2. Writing is a secondary language from based upon____
______.
3. An essential difference between consonants and vowe
ls is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets w
ith any______________ when a sound is produced.
4. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest est
ablished and until recently the most developed is_____
____________.
5. A ______________ sentence contains two or more clau
ses, one of which is incorporated in the other.
6. is the formation of new words by joining two or mor
e stems.
7. The illocutionary point of ______________ is to com
mit the speaker to something
’
s being the case, to the
truth of what has been said.
8. XP may contain more than just X. For example, the N
P
“
the boy who likes this puppy
”
consists of Det, N
and S, with Det being the __________, N the head and S
the complement.
9. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and dec
ontextualized, that of an ____________ is concrete and
context-dependent.
10. _____________ is based on the presumption that one
can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observab
le contexts.
III. Directions: Explain the following terms, using on
e or two examples for illustration. (2%*10=20%)
1. duality
2. diachronic linguistics
3. narrow transcription
4. bound morpheme
5. allophone
6. context
7. inflectional morphemes
8. locutionary act
9. semantics
10. grammatical relation
IV. Answer the following questions (5%*10=50%)
1. How is the distinction between langue and parole si
milar to the distinction between competence and perfor
mance?
2. Explain with examples the three notions of phone, p
honeme and allophone, and also how they are related.
3. Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous a
nd informative than; linear structure in analyzing the
constituent relationship among linguistic elements? S
upport your statement with examples.
4. How are sentence meaning and utterance meaning rela
ted, and how do they differ?
5. What is maxim of manner? Give an example to show ho
w this may be violated in an actual life.
试卷
B

I
．
Directions: Read each of the following statements c
arefully. Decide which one of the four choices best co