表演艺术家-potentiality
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Unit 1
:
cyberspace
:
if you don't love it ,leave it
信息空间:出入随愿
1
something in the American psyche loves new frontiers.
美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。
We hanker after wide-open spaces we like to explore we like to make
rules but refuse to follow them .
我们渴求宽敞的场地,我们喜欢探索,喜欢制定规章制度,却不愿去
遵守。
But in this age it's hard to find a place where you can go and be yourself
without worrying about he neighbours .
在当今时代,却很难找到一块空间,可以供你任意驰骋,又不必担心
影响
你的邻居。
2
There is such a place : cyberspace .
确实有这样一个空间,那就是信息空间。
Formerly a playground for computer fans ,cyberspace . Formely a
playground
for computer fans ,cyberspace now embraces every
conceivable
constituency : school children ,
flirtatious ,singles ,Hungarian-Americans, accountants .
这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地,
但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应
有尽有,包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。
Can they all get along ?Or will our fear of kids surfing for dirty pictures
behind their bedroom doors provoke a crackdown ?
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问题是他们都能和睦相处吗
?
人们是否会因为害怕
孩子们躲在卧室
里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀
?
3
The first order of
business is to grasp what cyberspace is .
首先要解决的问题是,什么是信息空间。
It might help to leave beind metaphors of
highways and frontiers and to
think instead of real estate .
我们可以抛开高速公路、
前沿新领域等比喻,
把信息空间看作一个巨
大的庄园。
Real estate ,remember ,is an intellectual ,legal ,artificial environment
constructed on top of land.
请记住,庄园是人们智慧的结晶,是合法
的、人工营造的氛围,它建立在土地之上。
Real estate recognizes the difference between parkland and shopping
mall ,between red-light zone and school district ,between church ,state
and drugstore .
在庄园里,公园和
商业中心、红灯区与学校、教堂与杂货店都能区
分开来。
4
in the same way , you could think of cyberspace as a giant and
unbounded world of virtual real estate .
你可以用同样的方法把信息空间想像为一个巨大的、
无边无际的虚拟
庄园。
Some property is privatedly owned and rented out other property is
common land some places are suitable for children , and others are best
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avoided by all citizens .
其中有些房产为私人拥有并已租出,
有些是公共场所;有的场所适
合儿童出入,而有些地方人们最好避开。
Unfortunately ,it's those places that are now capturing the popular
imagination ,plaecs that offer bombmaking instructions ,pornography,
advice on how to steal credit cards .
不幸的是,正是这些应该避开的地方使得人
们心向神往。这些地方
教唆你如 何制造炸弹、为你提供淫秽材料、告诉你如何窃取信用卡。
They make cyberspace sound like a nasty place . Good citizens jump to a
conclusion : Better regulate it .
所有这些使信息空间听
起来像是一个十分肮脏的地方。
5
But before using regulations to counter indecency ,it is
fundamental to interpret the nature of cyberspace .
正直的公民纷纷作出这样的结论:最好对它严加管理。但是,在 利用
规章制度来反击下流之举之前,关键是从根本上理解信息空间的性
质。
Cyberspace isn't a frontier where wicked people can grab unsuspecting
children ,nor is it a giant television system that can beam offensive
messages at unwilling viewers .
恶棍并不能在信息空间抢
走毫无提防
之心的儿童;
信息空间也不 像一台巨大的电视机,
向不情愿的观众播
放令人作呕的节目。
In this kind of real estate ,users have to choose where they visit ,what
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they see ,what they do .It's optiona .
在信息空间这
座庄园里,用户对他们所去 之处、所见所闻、所做所
为都要作出选择,一切都出于自愿。
In other words,cyberspace is a voluntary destination --in reality ,many
destinations
.
换句话说,信息空间是个
出入自便的地方,实际上,信息空间里有
很多可去之处。
You don't just get
人们不能盲目上网,必须带着具体的目标上网。
That means that people can choose where to go and what to see .
这意味着
人们可以选择去哪个网址、看什么内容。
Yes , community standards should be enforced ,but
those standards set
by cyberspace communities themselves ,not by the courts or by
politicians in Washington .
不错,规章制度应该在群体内得以实施,
但这些规章制度必须由信息
空间
内各个群体自己来制定,而不是由法庭或华盛顿的政客们来制
定。
6
what makes cyberspace so alluring is precisely the way in which
it's different from shopping malls , television ,highways and other
terrestrial jurisdictions.
信息空间之所以具有如此 大的诱惑力,正是因
为它不同于商场、电视、公路或地球上的其他地方。
But let's define the territor:
那么,让我们
来描述一下这个空间。
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7
First ,there are private e-malil conversations ,similar to the
conversations you have over the teleophone .
These are private and
consensualand require no regulation at all .
首先,
信息空间里人与人之间可以进行电子邮件交流。
这种交流类似
于电话交谈,都是私
人之间的、两相情愿的谈话,不需要任何规章
制度加以限制。
8
Second , there are information and entertainment services , where
people can download anytihing from legal texts and lists of
restaurants
其次,信息空间提供信息与娱乐服务。人们可以从中下载各种信息,
从法律文件、
“
大型新饭店
”
名单,到游戏软
件、下流图片,无奇不
有。
These places are like bookstores ,malls and movie houses --places where
you go to buy something .
这里如同书店、商场和电影院,属购物区域。
The customer needs to request an item or sign up for a subscription; stuff
(especially pornography ) is not sent out to people who don't ask for it .
顾客必须通过索求或者登记来购物,
物品
(
特
别是淫秽之物
)
不会发送
给那些没有索取的人。
Some of these services are free or included as part of a broader service
like ComputerServe or America Online
有些服务可以免费,或作为总服务费用的一部分计算,如
“
计算机服
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务
”
和
“
美国在线
”
就是如此。
others charge may and may bill their customers directly .
而有些服务要向顾客收费,而且可能会让顾客直接支付账单。
9
Third ,there are
communicate among themselves .
第三,
信息空间里还有真正意义上的
群体,那就是在内部互相交流思想的人群。
In real-estate terms ,they're like bars or restaurants or bathhouses . Each
active participate contributes to a general conversation ,generally through
posted messages . Other participant may simply listen or watch
.
从庄园的
角度来看,这些群体就像酒吧、饭店或公共浴室。每个活
跃的人都 积极参与谈话,
谈话一般通过邮件方式进行;
而有的人也许
只充当旁观者或旁听者。< br>
Some services are supervised
by a moderator others are more like
bulletin boards ---anyone is free to post anything .
有些活动由专人监督,
有些则像公告牌,
任何人可以任意在上面张贴。
Many of these services started out unmoderated but are now imposing
rules to keep out unwanted advertising ,extraneous discussions or
increasingly rude participants .
很多活
动起初都无人监督,但现在实行强制管理,用规章制度来扫
除那些不 受欢迎的广告、不相干的讨论或日渐粗鲁的成员。
10
cyberspace communitis evolve just the way terrestrial
ommunities do : people with like- minded interests band together .
表演艺术家-potentiality
表演艺术家-potentiality
表演艺术家-potentiality
表演艺术家-potentiality
表演艺术家-potentiality
表演艺术家-potentiality
表演艺术家-potentiality
表演艺术家-potentiality
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