操场的英文新视野读写教程2第三版课文UNIT 6

2021年1月20日发(作者：toc是什么)
TEXT A
Door closer, are you?
“
关门者
”
，你是吗？


1 The next time you're deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which
is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do?

下次你要在两个难于取舍的、
主要的和次要的选择之间 做决定时，
不妨问自己这样一个问题：
项羽会怎么做？


2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the
Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory. To his troops' astonishment, he ordered their cooking
pots crushed and their sailing ships burned.

项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。
他带领他的部队横渡漳河，
突袭进入了敌方
的领地。他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。


3
He
explained
that
he
was
imposing
on
them
a
necessity
for
attaining
victory
over
their
opponents. What he said was surely motivating, but it wasn't really appreciated by many of his
loyal soldiers as they watched their vessels go up in flames. But the genius of General Xiang Yu's
conviction
would
be
validated
both
on
the
battlefield
and
in
modern
social
science
research.
General Xiang Yu was a rare exception to the norm, a veteran leader who was highly respected
for his many conquests and who achieved the summit of success.
他解释道，
他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。
他所说的无疑 十分鼓舞士气，
但当他那
许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，
他们并不赞成他的做法。
不过
项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，
在战场 上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到
肯定。
项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，
他是 一位经验丰富的领袖，
由于他征战无数
并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。


4 He is featured in Dan Ariely's enlightening new publication, Predictably Irrational, a fascinating
investigation of seemingly irrational human behavior, such as the tendency for keeping multiple
options open. Most people can't marshal the will for painful choices,
not even students at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where Dr. Ariely teaches behavioral economics. In
an experiment that investigated decision-making, hundreds of students couldn't bear to let their
options vanish, even though it was clear they would profit from doing so.

丹
·
阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的 非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对看似非理
性的人类行为，
譬如人类总想留住多项选择机 会的倾向，
进行了引人入胜的调查。
大多数人
都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，
麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门课的学
生也不例外。
在调查作决策的一项实 验中，
几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们的选择机
会消失，即使他们很清楚这样做对他们有 利。


5
The
experiment
revolved
around
a
game
that
eliminated
the
excuses
we
usually
have
for
refusing to let go. In the real world, we can always say,
a good example? A teenager is exhausted from soccer, ballet, piano, and Chinese lessons, but her
parents won't stop any one of them because they might come in handy some day!
实验是围绕着一个游戏展 开的，这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。在现实世界里，
我们总会说：
“
保留 我们的选择机会是对的。
”
想要一个好的例子吗？一个十多岁的女孩被足
球、芭蕾舞、 钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽，但她的父母不会让她停止任何一项活动，理由
是它们有一天可能会派上用 场！


6 In the experiment sessions, students played a computer game that provided cash behind three
doors appearing on the screen. The rule was the more money you earned, the better player you
were, given a total of 100 clicks. Every time the students opened a door by clicking on it, they
would use up one click but wouldn't get any money. However, each subsequent click on that door
would earn a fluctuating sum of money, with one door always revealing more money than the
others. The important part of the rule was each door switch, though having no cash value, would
also use up one of the 100 clicks. Therefore, the winning strategy was to quickly check all the
doors and keep clicking on the one with the seemingly highest rewards.
在这个实验里，学生要玩一个电脑游戏
:
在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门，每扇门后都会提供一< br>些现金。该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击
100
次，你点击获取的钱越多，你就玩得越 好。
学生每点击一次打开一扇门，他们会用掉一个点击数，但却不会得到任何钱。然而，随后接
着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱，三扇门显示的钱总有一扇比另外两扇多。
这个游戏规则 的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报，
可还是会用掉一次点击数。
所以，
制胜
战略是要迅速查看所有的门，然后只点击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。


7 While playing the game, students noticed a modified visual element: Any door left unclicked for
a
short
while
would
shrink
in
size
and
vanish.
Since
they
already
understood
the
game,
they
should have ignored the vanishing doors. Nevertheless, they hurried to click on the lesser doors
before they vanished, trying to keep them open. As a result, they wasted so many clicks rushing
back to the vanishing doors that they lost money in the end. Why were the students so attached
to the lesser doors? They would probably protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep
future options open, but, according to Dr. Ariely, that isn't the true factor.
在玩游戏时，
学生们注意到了一个视觉上的变化：
如果有片刻没点击 某扇门，
那扇门就会慢
慢缩小并消失。
由于他们已了解了游戏规则，
他们本应 对要消失的门不予理睬。然而，
在它
们消失以前，他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小的门，试图 让它们开启着。
结果是，他们在
匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时浪费了很多点击数以至于最后输 了钱。
为什么学生对那些变
小的门如此依恋呢？他们可能会争辩说，他们紧抓住这些门是为将来 多留一些机会。但是，
据阿雷利博士说，这不是真正的原因。


8 Instead of the excuse to maintain future options open, underneath it all the students' desire
was to avoid the immediate, though temporary, pain of watching options close.
on
an
option
is
experienced
as
a
loss,
and
people
are
willing
to
pay
a
big
price
to
avoid
the
emotion of loss,
life, the corresponding costs are often less obvious such as wasted time or missed opportunities.
在 他们为将来多留一些机会的借口背后反映出的是所有的学生都不堪目睹眼前的选择机会
被剥夺，尽管这种 痛苦是临时的。阿雷利博士说：
“
每闭上一扇选择之门就如同经受了一次
损失，人们宁 愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的失落。
”
在实验中，损失很容易用丢失的
现金来衡 量。在生活中，相应的损失就往往没那么明显，如浪费时间，错过机会。


9

may
work
more
hours
at
our
jobs
without
realizing
that
the
childhood
of
our
sons
and
daughters is slipping away.“
有时候，这些门是慢慢关闭的，我们没有看到它们在悄然消失，
”
阿雷利博士写 道：
“
我们
可能花很多时间在工作上，却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在悄悄溜走。< br>”


10
So,
what
can
be
done
to
restore
balance
in
our
lives?
One
answer,
Dr.
Ariely
says,
is
to
implement
more
prohibitions
on
overbooking.
We
can
work
to
reduce
options
on
our
own,
delegating tasks to others and even giving away ideas for others to pursue. He points to marriage
as
an
example,

marriage,
we
create
a
situation
where
we
promise
ourselves
not
to
keep
options open. We close doors and announce to others we've closed doors.
那么，
我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢？阿雷利博士说 ，
一个办法是制止更多的
超额预约。
我们可以自己减少选择，
将任务委派给其 他人，甚至放弃一些点子，让其他人去
做。他用婚姻作为例子：
“
在婚姻中，我们承诺 不保留选择机会，我们就创造了获得最佳选
择的有利局面。我们关上可选择的门，并告诉别人我们已作出 选择。
”


11 Since conducting the door experiment, Dr. Ariely says he has made a conscious effort to lessen
his
load.
He
urges
the
rest
of
us
to
resign
from
committees,
prune
holiday
card
lists,
rethink
hobbies and remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu.
阿雷利博士说，
自从进行 了这个点击门的实验，
他已经有意识地努力减轻自己的负担。
他敦
促我们辞去委员会的 工作，
删减送节日贺卡的名单，
重新思考兴趣爱好，
并记住像项羽那样
的关门 者给我们的启示。


12 In other words, Dr. Ariely is encouraging us to discard those things that seem to have outward
merit in favor of those things that actually enrich our lives. We are naturally prejudiced to believe
that
more
is
better,
but
Dr.
Ariely's
research
provides
a
dose
of
reality
that
strongly
suggests
otherwise.
换言之，
他是鼓励我们放弃那些 似乎只有表面价值的东西，
而去追求那些能真正丰富我们生
活的东西。
我们很自然、< br>很偏执地相信选择越多越好，
但阿雷利博士的研究却强有力地告诉
我们事实并非如此。< br>

13 What price do we pay for trying to have more and more in life? What pleasure and satisfaction
can be derived from focusing our energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion? Surely,
we will have our respective answers.

我们想在生活中得到越来越多选择的代价是什么？我们能从更集中的精力 和注意力中获得
什么样的喜悦和满足？当然，我们每个人都会有自己的答案。


14 Consider these important questions: Will we have more by always increasing options or will
we
have
more
with
fewer,
carefully
chosen
options?
What
doors
should
we
close
in
order
to
allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open?

试想一下这些 重要的问题：
怎么做会使我们获得更多，
是不断增加选择，
还是只保持少数精
心挑选的选择？我们应关闭什么门，以便让机会和幸福之窗打开？

TEXT B
When enough is enough
知足常乐