市场部英文2018年普通高考(泄露天机)押题卷 英语(一)解析版

2021年1月20日发(作者：pass)

绝密

★

启用前



2018
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试








英



语








注意事项：



号
位
1
、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填 写在答题卡上。


封
座
2
、回答选择题时，选出每小题答 案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。




如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡




上，写在本试卷上无效。


密



3
、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。






号
第
Ⅰ
卷

不
场
考
第一部分


听力（共两节，满分
30
分）（略）



第二部分


阅读理解
(
共两节，满分
40
分
)




第一节


(
共
15
小题； 每小题
2
分，满分
30
分
)


订


阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该




项涂黑。





A

装

号
证
Supply Primary Teachers Needed
考
准
We work with a group of ‘Good’ and ‘Excellent’ schools located across London. We are looking for


excellent teachers who have a passion for teaching and are looking for new opportunities.
只




About Supply Teaching





Supply teaching gives you the freedom and flexibility to work at a variety of different schools. You



卷

have the option of day-to-day supply or long-term supply, which could lead to a full time employment.




You would be required to have a great understanding of the primary curriculum(
课程
). If you have

名
姓
exper
ience, then please don’t hesitate to apply.


此

You would be working with students who have varied needs.




We are looking for able and devoted teachers who are able to teach and engage with the whole class




while teaching.



级
Supply
roles
are
great
for
experienced
teachers
and
newly
qualified
teachers
looking
to
gain
班
experience.

Key Responsibilities

To teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students.
To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons.
To use regular assessments to set targets for students, and monitor their progress.
To maintain regular and productive communication with students and parents.
The Perfect Candidate

Must hold a university diploma.
Able to work well within a team.

Strong understanding of the primary curriculum.

Able to create interesting and engaging lessons for students.
Deadline:
Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am.

Contact Us

Please don't hesitate to contact us at ASQ Education.
If you feel like this is not quite the right role for you, please still contact us at ASQ Education, we
have a variety of roles in Primary and Secondary School.
21. What main duties should a supply teacher take?
A. Plan, prepare and teach effective lessons.
B. Guide students to experience after-school activities.
C. Set targets to become a full time employee.
D. Make sure of the students’ freedom and flexibility.

【
答案
】
A
【
解析
】
细节理解题。根据第三部分的前两句
“To teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid
progress from all students. To plan and prepare
effective schemes of work and lessons. ”
可知，计划、筹备
并进行有效的教学是老师的主要职责之一。故选
A
。
22. Which of the following is not suitable to be a supply teacher?
A. One who has a clear idea of primary curriculum.
B. One who has great passion for teaching.
C. One who has teaching experience.
D. One who likes working alone.
【
答案
】
D
【
解析
】
推理判断题。根据第四部分第二句
“Able to work well within a team”
可知，作为一名代课教
师，应该有团队合 作精神，由此可推知，
D
项不适合。故选
D
。

23. If you want to apply for the position, you should ___________.

A. have humorous personality
B. apply before 4th January 2018 at 9 am
C. contact the schools located across London directly
D. prepare a lesson and communicate with parents in advance
【答案】
B
【
解析
】
细节理解题。
根据第五部分

“
Deadline:

Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am.”
可知，
最后截止期限是
2018年
1
月
4
日上午
9
点。故选
B
。
B
Today,
I
felt
terrible--- my
head
was
full
of
problems
and
confusion.
I
decided
to
take
a
walk
even
though I didn't know where I would go. The most extraordinary thing happened when I was out on this
walk. I saw an old man sitting on a chair. He was a seller of second-hand shoes. He seemed so tired and
nobody was buying his shoes.
I
wanted
to
give
him
something
but
I
had
not
brought
anything
with
me.
Then,
a
little
girl
came
toward him. I heard the child say,
smiled and he gave her a shoe to polish. The girl said,
brother a new school uniform.
and I will buy you a uniform.
Then they walked to a market (I followed behind) and he bought her a uniform. The girl was so happy.
She said,
from the market, but I stopped him.
I whispered in his ear,
back and I could see him still smiling. I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen. Someone who had
so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! Amazing!
My
own
sadness
had
completely
disappeared,
chased
away
by
the
light
of
this
kind
act.
I
began
realizing that I have a lot to be thankful for.

24. Why did the girl want to polish shoes for the old man?
A. To support the old man
’
s business.
B. To show her pity on the old man.
C. To earn money to buy something to her brother.
D. To attract the attention of passers-by to buy more shoes.
【答案】
C

【解析】
细节理解题。根据第二段第五句

The girl said, “
I polish the shoe because I need money to buy
my
brother a new school uniform.”

可知，女孩帮老人擦鞋是为了赚钱给弟弟买校服。故选
C
。

25. What can we know about the old man from the passage?
A. He has not enough to eat and wear.
B. He is very cold to others.
C. He is a kind and generous man.
D. He is in a poor health condition.
【答案】
C

【解析】
推理 判断题。老人自身并不富足，还是热心地帮助小女孩实现了愿望，由此可推知，他是
一个慷慨、善良的人 。故选
C
。

26. What words can be described the girl’s character?

A. Friendly and caring.


B. Greedy and kind.
C. Enthusiastic and impatient.

D. Mean and sad.

【答案】
A
【解析】推理判断题。小女孩对待卖鞋子的老人礼貌而又周全，由此可知她很友好；为了给弟弟买
新校服愿意 付出自己的劳动，由此可知，她很有爱心。故选
A
。

27. What may the author learn from the old man?
A. Compared with helping others, personal sadness is not important.
B. One should live by one’s own work not by others’ help.

C. One shouldn
’t look down upon the one who needs help.

D. Even though one has little, he should try to help others.
【答案】
D
【解析】< br>推理判断题。卖鞋的老人自己并没有多少钱，还是尽自己的力量帮助了小女孩。作者可以
从老人身 上学习到：一个人即使拥有的不多，但仍要尽自己的努力来帮助需要帮助的人。故选
D
。

C
Adults perform better when they have a lot to gain or lose. But scientists did not know whether teens
did too. To find out, Insel asked 88 people between the ages of 13 and 20. She had them try a game. The
participants looked at pictures of planets on a computer screen. They had to click as fast as they could when
they saw a planet with designs. They were not supposed to click if a planet had no designs.


The
participants
could
earn
20
cents
for
right
answers
but
lose
10
cents
for
wrong
ones.
In
other
sessi
ons, they’d get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones. Players of all ages
wanted to win the money, and cared more about bigger rewards than smaller ones.
As Insel expected, adults performed better when the stakes were high. But teens 13 to 18 played just
as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for
the higher stakes.

Insel’s team published this work November 28, 2017, in Nature Communications.

Brains
change
and
mature
during
adolescence.
And
not
all
parts
grow
at
the
same
rate.
Insel
was
interested in two areas in particular. One is deep inside the brain and just above the ears. Called the ventral
striatum (
腹侧纹状体
), it helps the brain calculate rewards. The ventral striatum becomes mature during
the teen years.
The brain’s prefrontal cortex (
前额叶
) takes longer to mature. This area is important for planning and
setting goals. It may not mature until early adulthood.
Nerve
pathways
—

think
of
them
as
the
brain’s
“wiring”
—

connect
the
ventral
striatum
and
prefrontal
cortex.
This
lets
the
two
regions
communicate
to
make
decisions.
But
because
the
prefrontal
cortex matures later, the wiring between the two may not be complete until adulthood.

28. Which of the following can explain
Insel’s research?

A. Teens ignore key points in many aspects.
B. Adults behave better with higher rewards.
C. Teens give more attention to exams than usual work.
D. Adults behave more maturely than children in every way.


【答案】
B
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句

“Only 19
- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the
higher stakes
.”
可知，当提高筹码时， 只有
19
岁或
20
岁的孩子在游戏中表现更好。由此可推知，
18
岁的成年人在筹码增大时，表现更好，与
B
项一致。故选
B
。

29. What does the
underlined word “stakes” refer
to?
A. The final results of games or experiments.
B. The things that can be gained or lost in races.
C. The ambitions or energies that one experiences in games.
D. The powers that make one feel less pressure or pain.

【答案】
B

【解析】
词义猜测题。根据 上文可知，
stakes
在此处指实验中提到的

“earn 20 cents for right answers
but lose 10 cents for wrong ones”
,
“get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones”
，
指
比赛中的风险或赌注。故选
B
。

30. From the passage, we can know ___________.
A. the experiment aims to find out adults’ behaviour facing high stakes

B. teens have better performances in the first rounds
C. adults care less about the experiment at first
D. adults and teens show differently with high stakes
【答案】
D
【解析】
细节理解题。
根据第三段第二、
三句

“But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood
to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepp
ed up their game for the higher stakes.”
可以看出，
提高实验的筹码级别，成年人表现得更好，而13
到
18
岁的孩子表现和原来无异。故选
D
。

31. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Unlike adults, teens don’t perform better with high stakes

B. Who perform better, adults or children?
C. Stakes are the k
ey points in promoting one’s passion

D. Whether low stakes or high stakes, one behaves similarly
【答案】
A
【解析】
文章标题。本文通过具体实验， 主要阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟，面对高和低
风险或赌注，青少年表现相差无几，而成年人则 面对高赌注，表现更好。故选
A
。

D
Driverless
technology
will
soon
enter
another
major
global
industry:
shipping.
Several
companies
recently announced plans to launch self- sailing ships to improve safety and efficiency.
One
of
them
is
Norwegian
chemical
company
Yara
International.
Yara
has
designed
to
build
an
autonomous
ship
expected
to
launch
next
year.
The
ship
is
fully
electric
to
reduce
air
pollution.
It
is
designed
to
carry
containers
normally
transported
by
truck.
This
means
the
ship
will
also
improve
road
safety by replacing about 40,000 truck trips a year.
Yara plans to operate the ships by remote control beginning sometime next year. By 2020, the ships
should be loading and sailing themselves. Another company focusing on self-
sailing ships is the world’s
largest
mining
company,
Australia’s
BHP
Billiton.
The
company’s
Vice
President
of
Freight,
Rashpa
l
Bhatti,
recently
spoke
about
the
technology.
He
said,
“I
believe
automation
will
be
one
of
the
biggest
changes
for
shipping
in
the
future.”
Autonomous
ships
offer
important
chances
to
improve
safety
and

provide
better
efficiency
outcomes
to
the
marine
su
pply
chain.”
He
added
that
self
-sailing
ships
could
become a reality within the next decade.

Rolls-Royce, the British automobile and engine manufacturer, is also developing unmanned shipping
technologies. Oskar Levander is the company’s head of marine ope
rations. He told a conference last year,
“This is happening. It’s not if, it’s when.”

Several shipping companies have invested hundreds of millions of dollars to develop self-sailing ships
expected to be used by 2025. These ships will be equipped with technology to collect weather and sea data.
They will then use the data to plan out the safest, shortest and most fuel-efficient route.

32. What advantages does the driverless ship have according to the passage?
A. Environmental friendly.









B. Without noise.
C. Low cost.





















D. Having stronger ship body.
【答案】
A
【解析】
推理判断题。

根据第二段第三句

“The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution.”
可知，无
人驾驶轮船是电力的，旨在减 少空气污染，由此可推知，这种船很环保。故选
A
。

33. What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A. Australia’s BHP Billiton is the world’s largest ship company.

B. The ships will work almost automatically by 2020.
C. Bhatti isn’t sure of the future of driverless ship.

D. Self- sailing ships will be used in a couple of years.
【答案】
B
【解析】
推理判断题。
根据第三段第二句

“By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves.”
可推知，到
2020
年，这种船将能自动 装载和航行。故选
B
。

34. What attitude does Oskar Levander have to the new driverless ship?
A. Unsure.






B. Doubtful.






C. Sure.





D. Objective.
【答案】
C
【解析】
观点态度题。
根据第四段最后一句

“This is happening. It’s not if, it’s when.”
可知，他坚信这
一定会实现，只是时间问题。故选
C
。

35. Where is probably the passage taken from?
A. A physics textbook.











B. A travel booklet.


C. An advertisement.












D. A science report.
【答案】
D
【解 析】
文章出处题。
本文是一篇科普说明文，
主要介绍了最前沿的科技
----
无人驾驶轮船的研制，
因此有可能选自科技报导。故选
D
。

第二节


(
共
5
小题；每小题
2
分，满分
10
分
)


根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Here are some ways of encouraging a friend to get through a difficult time.

1. Make contact.

When you find out that someone is going through a crisis, get in contact with them as soon as possible.
If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email.




36




This is especially important if
they're dealing with an illness that makes it difficult to leave the house.
2. Listen to them without judgment.


People need to tell their stories in their own time. Of course you're going to have opinions about their
situation.




37




Focus on your friend, so they work through the healing process.
3. Offer practical help.


Instead of offering advice, what you can offer is some actual help. This can make a huge difference for
them.




38




Help them out with some chores like doing their grocery shopping for them, helping
clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk.


4.




39




When someone is going through a difficult life event, the basic functions of life tend to get forgotten.
They possibly forget to eat or stop caring for their appearance. Remind them to do things like shower, and
exercise.

5. Don’t take over their life.

Taking over their life may overwhelm them.




40




Don't just take your friend to dinner, ask
them where and when they want to dine. Letting them make decisions, even if they're small decisions, can
go long way towards reclaiming their power.
A. Even doing some little things can make a difference.
B. You should offer options to them.
C. Sometimes visiting someone in person is also effective.

D. You should use your past experiences to help them.
E. But it isn't always necessary to share your advice.