allowancesABAP面试问有答案(搞懂有点难度)

2021年1月20日发(作者：belongs)
ABAP
面试问有答案（搞懂有点难度）






100 ABAP Interview Faq's
F.Y.I1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4
program?


ANS:-


HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER. 2. What are field symbols and
field groups.?


Have you used
field groups?


ANS:-


Field symbols:- Field groups :- 3. What should be the
approach for writing a BDC program?


ANS:-


STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA
TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED



STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP
SYSTEM CALLED


STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i)call
transaction(Write the program explicity)


ii) create sessions (sessions are created and
success data will transfer). 4. What is a batch input
session?


ANS:-


BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between
internal table and database table.


Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for
screen fields, to which screen it is passed,program name
behind it, and how next screen is processed. 5. What is the
alternative to batch input session?


ANS:-


Call transaction. 6. A situation: An ABAP program creates
a batch input session.


We need to submit the program and the batch session in
back ground. How to do it?


ANS:-


go to SM36 and create background job by giving


job name,job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING) 8.
What are the problems in processing batch input
sessions?


How is batch input process different from processing
online?


ANS:-


PROBLEMS:-


i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the
session will be automatically removed from the session
queue(log remains). However if session is processed we
may delete it manually.


ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to
SAP database table. 10. What are the different types of
data dictionary objects?


ans:-


tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock
objects, Matchcode objects. 11. How many types of tables
exists and what are they in data dictionary?


ans :-


4 types of tables


i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both
in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same
data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used.
ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables -


These are logical tables that are arranged as records of
transparent cannot use native sql on these
tables


(only opensql).They are not managable directly using
database system tools. iv)Internal tables - . 12. What is the
step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?


ans:-


step 1: creating domains(data type,field length,range).


step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a
table


field).


step 3: creating tables(SE11). 13. Can a transparent table
exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?


ANS:- NO.


TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME
STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS
IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA
AND FIELDS. 14. What are the domains and data
elements?


ANS:-


DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA
SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA
TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE.


DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA
ELEMENT. 15. Can you create a table with fields not
referring to data elements?


ANS:-


YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE we are referening to a
data object(SPFLI) not data element. 16. What is the
advantage of structures? How do you use them in the
ABAP programs?


ANS:-


Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any
other program without creating it again). 17. What does an
extract statement do in the ABAP program?


ANS:-


Once you have declared the possible record types as field
groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract
dataset using the following statements:


EXTRACT . When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in
a program, the system creates the extract dataset and
adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent
EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to
the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the
data, the record is filled with the current values of the
corresponding fields. As soon as the system has
processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group ,
the structure of the corresponding extract record in the
extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields
into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one
of the field groups afterwards and use it in another
EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By
processing EXTRACT statements several times using
different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with
records of different length and structure. Since you can
modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an
EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the
advantage that you need not determine the structure at the
beginning of the program. 18. What is a collect statement?
How is it different from append?


ANS:-


If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT
statement does not append a new line, but adds the
contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the
contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry. 19.
What is open sql vs native sql?


ANS:- by Madhukar


Open SQL , native SQL are the interfaces to create the
database applicatons.


Open SQL is consistant across different types of existing
Databases.


Native SQL is the database language specific to
API is specific to the databse.


Open SQL API is consistent across all vendors 20. What
does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the
disadvantage of using it?


ANS:- 21. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated
with ABAP/4 data dictionary?


ANS:- 22. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?


ANS:-


Initialization, At
selection-screen,Start- of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of-
page,end- of-page, At line-selection,At user-command,At
PF,Get,At New,At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST. 23. What is
an interactive report?


What is the obvious diff of such report compared with
classical type reports?


ANS:-


An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that
produces the list on users choice.


diff:-


a) THE LIST PRODUCED BY CLASSICAL REPORT
DOESN'T allow user to interact with the system


the list produced by interactive report allows the user to
interact with the system.


b) ONCE A CLASSICAL REPORT EXECUTED USER
LOOSES USER HAS CONTROL.


c) IN CLASSICAL REPORT DRILLING IS NOT
INTERACTIVE DRILLING IS POSSIBLE.
24. What is a drill down report?


ANS:-


Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more
relavent data by selecting explicitly. 25. How do you write a
function module in SAP? describe.


ANS:-


creating function module:-


called program - se37-creating funcgrp,funcmodule by
assigning attributes,importing,exporting,tables,exceptions.


calling program - SE38-in pgm click pattern and write
function name- provide export,import,tables,exception
values. 26. What are the exceptions in function module?


ANS:-


COMMUNICATION_FAILURE


SYSTEM_FAILURE 27. What is a function group?


ANS:-


GROUP OF ALL RELATED FUNCTIONS. 28. How are the
date and time field values stored in SAP?


ANS:-


. HH:MM:SS 30. Name a few data dictionary
objects? //rep//


ANS:-


TABLES,VIEWS,STRUCTURES,LOCK
OBJECTS,MATCHCODE OBJECTS. 31. What happens
when a table is activated in DD?


ANS:-


It is available for any insertion,modification and updation of
records by any user. 32. What is a check table and what is
a value table?


Check table will be at field level checking.


Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table
is check table for carrid. 33. What are match codes?
describe?


ans:-


It is a similar to table index that gives list of possible values
for either primary keys or non-primary keys. 34. What
transactions do you use for data analysis?


ANS:- 35. What is table maintenance generator?


ANS:- 36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?


ANS:-


max,min values provided in selection screens. 37. What
are select options and what is the diff from parameters?


ANS:-


select options provide ranges where as parameters do not.
SELECT- OPTIONS declares an internal table which is
automatically filled with values or ranges


of values entered by the end user. For each
SELECT-OPTIONS , the system creates a selection table.
SELECT-OPTIONS FOR . A selection table is an internal
table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.


The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of .


The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive
(should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply)


The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal
GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less


than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains
pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern.


diff:-


PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an
internal field within a report.


SELECT-OPTIONS allow users to fill an internal table with
a range of values. For each PARAMETERS or
SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text
elements by choosing


Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change. Eg:-
Parameters name(30).


when the user executes the ABAP/4 program,an input field
for 'name' will appear on the selection can
change the comments on the left side of the input fields by
using text elements as described in Selection Texts. 38.
How do you validate the selection criteria of a report?


And how do you display initial values in a selection
screen?


ANS:-


validate :- by using match code objects.


display :- Parameters default 'xxx'.


select- options for spfli-carrid. 39. What are selection texts?


ANS:- 40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?


ANS:- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool
that helps you to organize development projects in the
ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport
the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your
system landscape.


This documentation provides you with an overview of how
to manage changes with the CTS and essential
information on setting up your system and client landscape
and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this
documentation when planning your development project.


For practical information on working with the Change and
Transport System, see Change and Transport Organizer
and Transport Management System. 41. When a program
is created and need to be transported to prodn does
selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make
sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?


ANS:- 42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the
meaning of client independent?


ANS:- 43. Are programs client dependent?