英语读书笔记2016年12月大学英语四级试题(第1套)真题及答案

2021年1月20日发(作者：bellboy)
2016
年
12
月大学英语四级试题（第
1
套）

Part I























Writing
















（
30minutes
）

（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）

Directions
：
For this part
，

you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay .Suppose you are two
options upon graduation
：

one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your
own.
You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your
choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II
















Listening Comprehension









（
25 minutes
）

Section A
Directions
：
In this section
，

you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report
，

you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken
only once. After you hear a question
，

you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A
）
，

B
）
，

C
）
. Then mark the corresponding letter on the
Answer sheet1
with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.
1.
A
）

It was dangerous to live in.


C
）

He could no longer pay the rent.

B
）

It was going to be renovated.
D
）

He had sold it to the royal family.
2.

A
）

A strike.

B
）

A storm.




C
）

A forest fire.





D
）

A Terrorist attack
.
Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.

A
）

They lost contact with the emergency department.
B
）
They were trapped in an underground elevator.

C
）

They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.
D
）

They sent calls for help via a portable radio.
4.

A
）

They tried hard to repair the accident.
B
）

They released the details of the accident.

C
）

They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.
D
）

They provided the miner with food and water.
Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5.

A
）

Raise postage rates.
C
）

Redesign delivery routes.

B
）

Improve its services.

D
）

Close some of its post offices.
6.

A
）

Shortening business hours.



C
）

Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.
B
）

Closing offices on holidays.



D
）

Computerizing mail sorting processes.
7.

A
）

Many post office staff will lose their jobs
B
）

Many people will begin to complain
C
）

Taxpayers will be very pleased
D
）
A lot of controversy will arise
Section B
Directions
：
In
this
section
，
you
will
hear
two
long
conversations.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation
，
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After
you hear
a question
，

you must choose the best
answer from four
2016
年
12
月大英四（第一套）

choice marked A
）
，
B
）
，
C
）

and D
）
.Then mark the corresponding letter an
Answer sheet1

with a single line though the centre.
Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.

A
）
He will be kept from promotion.


C
）
He will be given a warning.

B
）
He will go through retraining.


D
）
He will lose part of his pay.

9.

A
）
He is always on time.



C
）
He is an experienced press operator.
B
）
He is trustworthy guy.


D
）
He is on good terms with his workmates.
10.
A
）
She is a trade union representative.

C
）
She is a senior manager of the shop.

B
）
She is in charge of public relation.

D
）
She is better at handing such matters.
11.

A
）
He is skilled and experienced.
C
）
He is always trying to stir up trouble.
B
）
He is very close to the manager.
D
）
He is always complaining about low wages.
Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.
A
）
Open.





B
）
Friendly.

C
）
Selfish.

D
）
Reserved.






13.
A
）
They stay quiet.




C
）
They talk about the weather

B
）
They read a book.


D
）
They chat with fellow passengers.
14.
A
）
She was always treated as a foreigner.
B
）
She was eager to visit an English castle.
C
）
She was never invited to a colleague
‘
s home.
D
）
She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.
15.
A
）

House are much more quiet.

C
）

They want to have more space.

B
）

Houses provide more privacy.

D
）

They want a garden of their own.
Section C
Directions
：
In this section
，
you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage
，
you will
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question
，
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A
）
，
B
）
，
C
）

and D
）
.Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1
with a single line
through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.
A
）

They don
’
t have much choice of jobs.
B
）

They are likely to get much higher pay.
C
）

They don
‘
t have to go through job interviews.
D
）

They will automatically be given hiring priority.
17.
A
）

Ask their professors for help.

C
）

Visit the school careers services.

B
）

Look at school bulletin boards.
D
）

Go through campus newspapers.
18.
A
）

Helping students find the books and journals they need.
B
）

Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.
C
）

Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.
D
）

Providing students with information about the library.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.
A
）

It tastes better.



C
）

It may be sold at a higher price .
B
）

It is easier to grow.


D
）

It can better survive extreme weathers.
20.
A
）

It is healthier than green tea.


C
）

It will replace green tea one day.
B
）

It can grow in drier soil.



D
）

It is immune to various diseases.

21.
A
）

It has been well received by many tea drinkers.

第
2
页
/
（共
15
页）


2016
年
12
月大英四（第一套）

B
）

It does not bring the promised health benefits.

C
）

It has made tea farmers‘ life easier.

D
）

It does not have a stable market.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.
A
）
They need decorations to show their status.

B
）

They prefer unique objects of high quality.

C
）

They decorate their homes themselves.
D
）

They care more about environment.
23.
A
）

They were proud of their creations.


B
）

They could only try to create at night.
C
）

They made great contributions to society.
D
）

They focused on the quality of their products.
24.
A
）

Make wise choices.

C
）

Design handicrafts themselves.
B
）

Identify fake crafts.

D
）

Learn the importance of creation.
25.
A
）

To boost the local economy.

C
）

To arouse public interest in crafts.
B
）

To attract foreign investments.
D
）

To preserve the traditional culture.

PART
Ⅲ











Reading Comprehension






（
40 minutes
）

Section A
Directions
：

In this section
，

there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read
the
passage
through
carefully
before
making
your
choices.
Each
choice
in
the
bank
is
identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than
once.
When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the
offense.
But
when
it
comes
to
one
of
the
cruelest
crimes
—

animal
fighting
—

things
26


work
out
that
way.
Dog
fighting
victims
are
27
and
killed
for
profit
and
―sport,‖
yet
their
criminal abusers often receive a
28
sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all
federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation(
缓刑
).
Some progress has been made in the prosecution(
起诉
) of animal
fighters. But federal
judges often rely heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they
29
penalties, and in the
case of animal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely
30
.
The
U.S.
Sentencing
Commission,
which

31
these
sentencing
guidelines,
is
revisiting
them, proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is a step in
the right
32
, but we‘d like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission make further guidelines
.
Simultaneous to this effort, we‘re working with animal advocates and state and federal
lawmakers to
33
anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies
that
assist
overburdened
animal

34

that
care
for
animal
fighting
victims.
This
help
is
35
important
because
the
high
cost
of
caring
for
animal
victims
is
a
major
deterrent
to
intervening in cruelty cases in the first place.
第
3
页
/
（共
15
页）


2016
年
12
月大英四（第一套）

A) convenient
B) creates

C) critically

D) determine

E) direction

F) hesitate


G) inadequate

H)inspired
I) method

J) minimal

K) rarely L) shelters

M) strengthen
N) sufferings
O) tortured
Section B
Directions
：
In this section
，

you are gonging to read a passage with ten statements attached to
it.
Each
statement
contains
information
given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived. You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph
is
marked
with
a
letter.
Answer
the
questions
by
marking
the
corresponding letter on
Answer sheet 2.
When Work Becomes a Game
[A]
What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some.
The promise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.


[B]
Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through wh
at‘s come to be
known
as
―gamification:‖
essentially,
turning
work
into
a
game.
―Gamification
is
about
understanding what it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a
great
experience
in
games,
and
taking
those
learnings
and
applying
them
to
other
contexts
such as the workplace
and education,‖
explains Kevin
Werbach,
a
gamification expert who
teaches
at
the Wharton
School
of Business at
the University of Pennsylvania in
the United
States..
[C]
It
might
mean
monitoring
employee
productivity
on
a
digital
leaderboard
and
offering
prizes
to
the
winners,
or
giving
employees
digital
badges
or
stars
for
completing
certain
activities.
It
could
also
mean
training
employees
how
to
do
their
jobs
through
video
game
platforms. Companies from Google to IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of
gamification in their workplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent
report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $$1.65 billion in 2015 to
$$11.1 billion by 2020.
[D]
The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and
teachers
have
long
looked
for
fun
ways
to
engage
people‘s
reward
-seeking
or
competitive
spirits. Cracker Jacks has been ―gamifying‖ its snack food by putti
ng a small prize inside for
more than 100
years, he adds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate Charles Schwab is
said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on
the
past
shift
on
the
factory
floor,
thus
motivating
the
next
shift
of
workers
to
beat
the
previous one.
[E
]But
the
word
―gamification‖
and
the
widespread,
conscious
application
of
the
concept
only began in earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the
generation
now
entering
the
workforce
is
especially
open
to
the
idea
of
having
their
work
gamified. ―We‘re at a point where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young
people
grew
up
playing
[video]
games,
and
an
increasingly
high
percentage
of
adults
play
these video games too,‖ Werbach says.

[F
]A
number
of
companies
have
sprung
up
—
GamEffective,
Bunchball
and
Badgeville,
to
name
a
few
—
in
recent
years
offering
gamification
platforms
for
businesses.
The
platforms
that
are
most
effective
turn
employees‘
ordina
ry
job
tasks
into
part
of
a
rich
adventure
第
4
页
/
（共
15
页）


2016
年
12
月大英四（第一套）

narrative. ―What makes a game game
-
like is that the player actually cares about the outcome,‖
Werbach
says.
―The
principle
is
understanding
what
is
motivating
to
this
group
of
players,
which requires some understa
nding of psychology.‖

[
G]
Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition. Sales people often fall into this
category. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches into a
competition
with
other
team
members,
complete
with
a
digital
leaderboard
showing
who‘s
winning at all are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One
company Werbach has
studied uses gamification to
create a sense of community
and boost
employee morale. When employees log
in to their computers, they‘re shown a picture of one
of their coworkers and asked to guess that person‘s name.

[
H
]Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies
employee trainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently
designed
a
gamification
strategy
for
a
sales
training
company
with
a
storm-chasing
theme.
Employees
formed
―storm
chaser
teams‖
and
competed
in
storm
-themed
educational
exercises to earn various rewards.―Rewards don‘t

have to be stuff,‖ Cornetti says. ―Rewards
can be flextime. Rewards can be extension time.‖Another training, this one for pay roll law,
used
a
Snow
White
and
the
Seven
Dwarfs
theme.
Snow
White
is
public
domain,
but
the
dwarfs
are
still
under
copyright,
so
Cornetti
invented
sound-alike
characters
(Grumpy
Gus,
Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay roll law principles.
[I
]Some people don‘t take as naturally to gamified work environments, Cornetti says. In her
experience, people in positions of power or people
in finance or engineering don‘t tend to like
the sound of the word.―If we‘re designing for engineers, I‘m not talking about a ?game‘ at all,‖
Cornetti
says. ―I‘m talking about
a ?simulation,‘ I‘m talking about
?being able to
solve this
problem.‖

[J
]Gamifi
cation is ―not a magic bullet,‖ Werbach cautions. A gamification strategy that‘s not
sufficiently thought through or tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but
it
won‘t
motivate
in
the
long
term.
It
can
also
be
exploitative,
especial
ly
when
used
with
vulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their
jobs yet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games.
Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used
large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared
to one another. Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of
fun. Some began to skip bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be
fired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee
referred to the board as a ―digital whip.‖―It actually had a very negative effect on morale and
perfo
rmance,‖ Werbach says.

[K]
Still,
gamification
only
stands
to
become
more
popular,
he
says,
―as
more
and
more
people
come
into
the
workforce
who
are
intuitively
familiar
with
the
structures
and
expressions
of
digital
games.‖
―We
are
way
ahead
of
the
tipping

point,‖
Cornetti
agrees.
―There‘s no reason this will go away.‖

36.
some
famous
companies
are
already
using
gamification
and
more
are
trying
to
do
the
same.
37
.Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results.
38.
To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow works when
第
5
页
/
（共
15
页）


2016
年
12
月大英四（第一套）

starting their computers.
39
.The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.
40
.There is a reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.
41
.Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.
42
.When
turning
work
into
a
game,
it
is
necessary
to
understand
what
makes
games
interesting.
43
.Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.
44
.The
most
successful
gamification
platforms
transform
daily
work
assignments
into
fun
experiences.
45
.It is necessary to use terms other than―gamification‖for some professions.

Section C
Directions
：
There are 2 passages in this section .Each passage is followed by some questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices maked A
）
，
B
）
，
C
）
and
D
）
.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and
keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.
It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task itis to
solve
orimagined.
And
in
my
position
as
a
professor
atthree
different
colleges,the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened,
while the number of people hired-notto teach butto hold meetings-has increased significantly.
Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Centerfor Teaching
Excellence.
Contrary
to
its
title,the
center
is
a
clearing
house
(
信息交流中心
)for
using
technology in classrooms and in online courses. It's an administrative sham (
欺诈
) of the kind
that has multiplied over the last 30 years.

I
offer
a
simple
proposition
in
response:Many
of
our
problems-class
attendance,
educational


success,
student
happiness
and
well-being-might
be
improved
by
cutting
down
the
bureaucratic (
官僚的
) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers.
lf we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get
a
majority
of
our
classes
back
to
20orfewer
students
perteacher
This
would
be
an
environmentin which teachers and students actually knew each other.
The teachers must be free to teach in their own way- the curriculum should be flexible
enough
sothatthey
can
use
theirindividualtalents
to
achieve
the
goals
ofthe
course.
Additionally;they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are
not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appearin a classroom.
Good
teaching
and
research
are
notexclusive,
butthey
are
also
not
automatic
companions.
Teaching
is
an
art
and
a
craft,talent
and
practice;itis
not
something
thatjust
anyone
can
be
good
at.
It
is
utterly
confusing
to
me
that
peopledo
notrecognize
this,
despite
the
factthat
pretty
much
anyone
who
has
been
a
student
can
tellthe
difference
between
their
best
and
worstteachers.
es the author say about present-day universities?
第
6
页
/
（共
15
页）


2016
年
12
月大英四（第一套）

A)They are effectively tackling real orimagined problems.
B)They often failto combine teaching with research.

C)They are over-burdened with administrative staff.
D)They lack talenttofix their deepening problems.
ing to the author, what kind ofpeople do universities lack most?

A)Good classroom teachers.C) Talented researchers.

B)Efficient administrators.D) Motivated students.
does the authorimply aboutthe classes at present?

A)They facilitate students independentlearning.

B)They help students form closerrelationships.

C)They have more older studentsthan before.

D)They are much bigger than is desirable.
does the authorthink ofteachingability?

A)Itrequires talent and practice.

B)Itis closely related to research.

C)Itis a chieffactor affecting students'learning.

D)It can be acquired through persistent practice.
the author
’
s suggestion forimproving university teaching?

A)Creating an environmentforteachers to share 'theirteaching experiences.

B)Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.

C)Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange ofinformation.

D)Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staffto go to classrooms.

Passage Two
Questions 51to 55 are based on the following passage.
The
secretto
eating
less
and
being
happy
aboutit
may
have
been
cracked
years
ago-byMcDonald's. According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab,
small non-food rewards-like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals-stimulate the same reward
centers in the brain asfood does.

The
researchers,led
by
Martin
Reimann,
carried
out
a
series
of
experiments
to
see
if
people would choose a smaller mealifit was paired with a non-food items.
They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a half-sized portion when
combined with a prize. Both options were priced the same.

Even more interesting is thatthe promise of a future reward was enough to make adults
choose thesmaller ofthe prizes used was a lottery ticket
（彩票）
, with a $$ 10, $$ 50
or $$ 100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less.

factthat
participants
were
willing
to
substitute
part
of
a
food
item
forthe
mere
prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting.
”
says Reimann.
He theorizes thatitis the emotional component ofthese intangible prizes that make them
effective.
In
fact,
vaguely-stated
possibilities
of
winning
a
prize
were
more
effective
than
options with hard odds included.
―One
explanation
forthis
finding
is
that
possible
awards
may
be
more
emotionally
provoking thancertainty awards,
attraction anddesirability through emotional?thrills.' The possibility ofreceiving an award also
produces a state of hope
一
a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding
·

第
7
页
/
（共
15
页）