空棘鱼-三月的英文
1.
e-commerce
:
The
process
of
buying,
selling,
or
exchanging
products,
services,
or
information
via
computer
;
2
.e-business
:
A broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services,
but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions
within an organization
;
3.
brick-and-mortar
(old
economy)
organizations
:
Old-economy
organizations
(corporations)
that
perform
their primary business off-line, selling physical products by means of physical agents
;
4.
virtual (pure-play) organizations
:
Organizations that conduct their business activities solely online
;
5.
click-and-mortar (click-and-brick) organizations
:
Organizations that conduct some e-commerce activities,
usually as an additional marketing channel
;
6.
electronic market (e-marketplace)
:
An online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods,
services, money, or information
;
7
.Interorganizational
information
systems
(IOSs)
:
Communications
systems
that
allow
routine
transaction
processing and information flow between two or more organizations
;
8.
Intraorganizational information systems
:
Communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go
on within individual organizations
;
9.
intranet
:
An internal corporate or government network
that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and
Internet protocols
;
10.
extranet
:
A network that uses the Internet to link multiple intranets
;
11.
business-to-business (B2B)
:
E-commerce model in which all of the participants are businesses or other
organizations
;
12.
business-to- consumer (B2C)
:
E-commerce model in which businesses sell to individual shoppers
;
13.
business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C)
:
E-commerce model
in
which
a
business
provides
some
product or service to a client business that maintains its own customers
;
14.
consumer-to-business (C2B)
:
E-commerce model in which individuals use the Internet to sell products or
services to organizations or individuals who seek sellers to bid on products or services they need
;
15
.e-tailing
:
Online retailing, usually B2C
;
16.
intrabusiness EC
:
E-commerce category that includes all internal organizational activities that involve the
exchange of goods, services, or information among various units and individuals in an organization
;
17.
business-to-employees (B2E)
:
E-commerce model in which an organization delivers services, information,
or products to its individual employees
;
18.
consumer-to- consumer(C2C)
:
E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers
;
19.
collaborative commerce (c-commerce)
:
E-commerce model in which individuals or groups communicate
or collaborate online
;
20.
e-learning
:
The online delivery of information for purposes of training or education
;
21.
e-government
:
E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or
information from or to businesses or individual citizens
;
22.
social computing
:
An approach aimed at making the human-computer interface more natural
;
23.
Web
2.0
:
The
second-generation
of
Internet-based
services
that
let
people
collaborate
and
share
information
online
in
new
ways,
such
as
social
networking
sites,
wikis,
communication
tools,
and
folksonomies
;
24.
social
network
:
A
category
of
Internet
applications
that
help
connect
friends,
business
partners,
or
individuals with specific interests by providing free services such as photo presentations, e-mail, blogging,
and so on using a variety of tools
;
25.
social network service (SNS)
:
A service that builds online communities by providing an online space for
people to build free homepages and that provides basic communication and support tools for conducting
different activities in the social network
;
26.
social networking
:
The creation or sponsoring of a social network service and any activity, such as blogging,
done in a social network
;
27.
enterprise-oriented networks
:
Social networks whose primary objective is to facilitate business
;
28.
virtual
world
:
A
user- defined
world
in
which
people
can
interact,
play,
and
do
business.
The
most
publicized virtual world is Second Life
;
29.
digital
economy
:
An
economy
that
is
based
on
digital
technologies,
including
digital
communication
networks, computers, software, and other related information technologies; also called the Internet economy,
the new economy, or the Web economy
;
30.
digital enterprise
:
A new business model that uses IT in a fundamental way to accomplish one or more of
three
basic
objectives:
reach
and
engage
customers
more
effectively,
boost
employee
productivity,
and
improve operating
efficiency.
It
uses
converged
communication
and computing
technology
in
a
way
that
improves business processes
;
31.
corporate portal
:
A major gateway through which employees, business partners, and the public can enter
a corporate Web site
;
32.
business model
:
A method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself
;
33.
revenue
model:
sales,transaction
fees,subscription
fees,advertising
fees,affiliate
fees,other
revenue
sources.
1.
e-marketplace
:
An online market, usually B2B, in which buyers and sellers exchange goods or services; the
three types of e-marketplaces are private, public, and consortia
;
2.
marketspace
:
A marketplace in which sellers and buyers exchange goods and services for money (or for
other goods and services), but do so electronically
;
3.
digital products
:
Goods that can be transformed to digital format and delivered over the Internet
;
4.
front end
:
The portion of an e-seller
’
s business processes through which customers interact, including the
seller
’
s portal, electronic catalogs, a shopping cart, a search engine, and a payment gateway
;
5.
back
end
:
The
activities
that
support
online
order
fulfillment,
inventory
management,
purchasing
from
suppliers, payment processing, packaging, and delivery
;
6.
intermediary
:
A third party that operates between sellers and buyers
;
7.
sell-side
e-marketplace
:
A
private
e-marketplace
in
which
one
company
sells
either
standard
and/or
customized products to qualified companies
;
8.
buy-side e-marketplace
:
A private e-marketplace in which one company makes purchases from invited
suppliers
;
9.
storefront
:
A single company
’
s Web site where products or services are sold
;
10.
e-mall (online mall)
:
An online shopping center where many online stores are located
;
11.
Web portal
:
A single point of access, through a Web browser, to critical business information located inside
and outside (via Internet) of an organization
;
Types of portals:
commercial portal,corporate portals,publishing portals,personal portals
12.
mobile portal
:
A portal accessible via a mobile device
;
13.
voice portal
:
A portal accessed by telephone or cell phone
;
14.
infomediaries
:
Electronic intermediaries that provide and/or control information flow in cyberspace, often
aggregating information and selling it to others
;
15.
e-distributor
:
An e-commerce intermediary that connects manufacturers with business buyers (customers)
by aggregating the catalogs of many manufacturers in one place
—
the intermediary
’
s Web site
;
16.
electronic
catalogs
(e-catalogs)
:
The
presentation
of
product
information
in
an
electronic
form;
the
backbone of most e-selling sites
;
17.
enterprise search
:
The practice of identifying and enabling specific content across the enterprise to be
indexed, searched, and displayed to authorized users
;
18.
desktop search
:
Search tools that search the contents of a user
’
s or organization
’
s computer files, rather
than searching the Internet
;
19
.search engine
:
A computer program that can access
databases of Internet resources, search for specific
information or keywords, and report the results
;
20.
electronic shopping cart
:
An order-processing technology that allows customers to accumulate items they
wish to buy while they continue to shop
;
21.
auction
:
A competitive process in which a seller solicits consecutive bids from buyers (forward auctions) or
a buyer solicits bids from sellers (backward auctions). Prices are determined dynamically by the bids
;
22.
electronic auctions (e-auctions)
:
Auctions conducted online
;
23.
forward
auction
:
An
auction
in
which
a
seller
entertains
bids
from
buyers.
Bidders
increase
price
sequentially
;
24.
reverse auction (bidding or tendering system)
:
Auction in which the buyer places an item for bid (tender) on
a request for quote (RFQ) system, potential suppliers bid on the job, with the price reducing sequentially, and
the lowest bid wins; primarily a B2B or G2B mechanism
;
25.
“
name-your-own- price
”
model
:
Auction model in which a would-be buyer specifies the price (and other
terms) he or she is willing to pay to any willing and able seller. It is a C2B model that was pioneered by
;
26.
double auction
:
An auction in which multiple buyers and their bidding prices are matched with multiple
sellers and their asking prices, considering the quantities on both sides
;
27.
bartering
:
The exchange of goods and services
;
28.
e-bartering (electronic bartering)
:
Bartering conducted online, usually in a bartering exchange
;
29.
bartering exchange
:
A marketplace in which an intermediary arranges barter transactions
;
30.
blog:
A personal Web site that is open to the public to read and to interact with; dedicated to specific topics
or issues
;
31.
vlog (or video blog)
:
A blog with video content
;
32.
micro- blogging
:
A form of blogging that allows users to write messages (usually up to 140 characters) and
publish them, either to be viewed by anyone or by a restricted group that can be chosen by the user
;
33
:
A free micro-blogging service that allows its users
to send and read other users
’
updates
;
34.
tweets
:
Text-based posts up to 140 characters in length posted to Twitter
;
35
.tag
:
A nonhierarchical keyword or term assigned to a piece of information
;
36.
folksonomy
:
The
practice
and method
of
collaboratively
creating,
classifying,
and managing
tags
to
annotate and categorize content
;
37.
social bookmarking
:
Web service for sharing Internet bookmarks. The sites are a popular way to store,
classify, share, and search links through the practice of folksonomy techniques on the Internet and intranets
;
38.
wiki (wikilog)
:
A blog that allows everyone to participate as a peer; anyone may add, delete, or change
content
;
39.
avatars
:
Animated computer characters that exhibit humanlike movements and behaviors
;
40.
customization
:
Creation of a product or service according to the buyer
’
s specifications
;
41.
personalization
:
The ability to tailor a product, service, or Web content to specific user preferences
;
42.
disintermediation
:
Elimination of intermediaries between sellers and buyers
;
43.
reintermediation
:Disintermediated entities or newcomers take on new intermediary roles
;
44.
mass customization
:
A method that enables manufacturers to create specific products for each customer
based on the customer
’
s exact needs
;
45.
build-to-order (pull system)
:
A manufacturing process that starts with an order (usually customized). Once
the order is paid for, the vendor starts to fulfill it
;
1.
direct marketing
:
Broadly, marketing that takes place without
intermediaries between manufacturers and
buyers; in the context of this book, marketing done online between any seller and buyer
;
2.
virtual (pure- play) e-tailers
:
Firms that sell directly to consumers over the Internet without maintaining a
physical sales channel
;
3.
click-and-mortar
retailers
:
Brick-and-mortar
retailers
that
offer
a
transactional
Web
site
from
which
to
conduct business
;
4.
brick-and-mortar
retailers
:
Retailers
who
do
business
in
the
non-Internet,
physical
world
in
traditional
brick-and-mortar stores
;
5.
multichannel business model
:
A business model where a company sells in multiple marketing channels
simultaneously
;
6.
electronic(online) banking or e-banking:
various banking activities conducted from home or the road using an
internet connection;also known as cyberbanking,birtual banking,online banking ,and home banking
7.
birtual banks
:have no physical location;only conduct online transactions
8.
shopping portals:
gateways to e-storefronts and e-malls;may be comprehensive or niche oriented
9.
shopping robots
:tools that scout the web on behalf of consumers who specify search criteria
10.
disintermediation:
the
removal
of
organizations
or
business
process
layers
responsible
for
certain
intermediary steps in a given supply chain
11.
reintermediation
:the process whereby intermediaries take on new intermediary roles
12.
cybermediation(electronic intermediation)
:the use of software(intelligent) agents to facilitate intermediation
13.
channel conflict:
situation in which an online marketing channel upsets the taditional channels due to real or
perceived damage from competition
product brokering:
Deciding what product to buy
merchant brokering:
Deciding from whom (from what merchant) to buy a product
market segmentation:
The process of dividing a consumer market into logical groups for conducting marketing
research and analyzing personal information
one-to-one marketing (relationship marketing):
Marketing that treats each customer in a unique way
personalization:
The matching of services, products, and advertising content with individual consumers and
their preferences
user profile:
The requirements, preferences, behaviors, and demographic traits of a particular customer
cookie:
A data file that is placed on a user’s hard drive by a remote We
b server, frequently without disclosure
or the user’s consent, which collects information about the user’s activities at a site
behavioral targeting:
Targeting that uses information collected about an individual’s Web
-browsing behavior,
such as the pages they have visited or the searches they have made, to select an advertisement to display to
that individual
collaborative
filtering:
A
market
research
and
personalization
method
that
uses
customer
data
to
predict,
based on formulas derived from behavioral sciences, what other products or services a customer may enjoy;
predictions can be extended to other customers with similar profiles
e-loyalty:
Customer loyalty to an e-tailer or loyalty programs delivered online or supported electronically
interactive marketing:
Online marketing, facilitated by the Internet, by which marketers and advertisers can
interact directly with customers, and consumers can interact with advertisers/vendors
CPM (cost per thousand impressions) :
T
he fee an advertiser pays for each 1,000 times a page with a banner
ad is shown
advertising networks:
Specialized firms
that offer customized Web
advertising,
such
as
brokering
ads
and
targeting ads to select groups of consumers
banner:
On a Web page, a graphic advertising display linked to the ad
vertiser’s Web page
spot buying:
The purchase of goods and services as they are needed, usually at prevailing market prices
strategic
(systematic)
sourcing:
Purchases
involving
long- term
contracts
that
usually
are
based
on
private
negotiations between sellers and buyers
direct materials:
Materials used in the production of a product (e.g., steel in a car or paper in a book)
indirect materials:
Materials used to support production (e.g., office supplies or light bulbs)
MRO (maintenance, repair, and operation) :
Indirect materials used in activities that support production
vertical marketplaces:
Markets that deal with one industry or industry segment (e.g., steel, chemicals)
空棘鱼-三月的英文
空棘鱼-三月的英文
空棘鱼-三月的英文
空棘鱼-三月的英文
空棘鱼-三月的英文
空棘鱼-三月的英文
空棘鱼-三月的英文
空棘鱼-三月的英文
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