breaches英文合同必备条款的表达方式

2021年1月20日发(作者：be)
NECESSARY TERMS OF ENGLISH CONTRACT



1.
前言

Preamble

一份标准英文合 同通常可以分为前言（
Preamble
）、正文（
Operative part< br>）、
附录（
Schedule
）及证明部分即结束词（
Attesta tion
）四大部分组成。


前言（
Preamble
） 由“
Parties
”及“
Recitals
”两部分组成。


“
Parties
”为必备条款，在很多时候称为“
commen cement
”即合同的开场白，
主要介绍合同各方的名称或姓名、
注册地及地址、< br>邮编及在合同中的简称。
当然，
并不是所有的合同都要详细介绍以上诸要素，
在 许多简单合同中，
只是提一下各
方的名称。




I.
以下为“
Parties
”的常用表达方式：




1. This Agreement is entered into by and between ____ and ____.
本协议由以下双方
____
和
___
签署。



2. This Agreement is entered into by and between ____ (hereinafter
referred
to
as____)
and
____
(hereinafter
referred
to
as

whereby
it is agreed as follows:
本协议由以下双方
____
（以下简 称
____
）和
_____
（以下简称
___
）签署，达成 如
下协议：





注：在很多合同中，这部分加入签约事由，如：

This Agreement is entered into through friendly negotiations between
_____ Co.
(hereinafter referred to as the “Party A”) and _____ Co. (hereinafter
referred to as the “Party B”) based on equality and mutual benefit to
develop business on the terms and conditions set forth below:
本协议由
_____
（以下称为甲方）和
____
（ 以下称为乙方）为发展业务在平等互
利的基础上签订，其条款如下：





This
Agreement
is
entered
into
between
_____
(hereinafter
referred
to
as

and
______,
(hereinafter
referred
to
as

pursuant
to paragraph VIII(2) of the Employee Handbook, whereby it is agreed as
follows:
本
“协议”
由
_____
（以下简称
“公司”
）
与
_____
（以下简称
“雇员”）
根据
“雇
员手册”第
VIII(2)
款签署，“协议”内容如下：





II.
以下为标准的“
Parties
”条款：




3. This Agreement is made and entered into this _____th day of _____ in
the year of ____ by and between ______, a company duly organized and
existing under and by virtue of the laws of ______, with its principal
place of business at _____ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), and
______, a company duly
organized and existing
under and by
virtue of the
laws
of
_____,
with
its
principal
place
of
business
at
_____
(hereinafter
referred to as “_____”), whereby it is agreed as follows:

本合约由
______
，在
_____< br>法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主
要营业地点在
______
（下称
_____
），与
_____
，在
_____
法律之 下并凭该等法律
正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点
______
（下称代理人） ，于
_____
日签
订和缔结，协议如下：




III.
“
Recitals
”
由数个以

字样开 头的句子所组合而成
（这些句子俗
称为“
Whereas Clauses
” ），表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实（例如订约的
目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。



4.
This
Agreement
is
made
and
entered
into
this
_____
day
of
_____
in
the
year
of
____
by
and
between
_______,
a
company
duly
organized
and
existing
under and by virtue of the laws of ______, with its principal place of
business at ______ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), and ______,
a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of
______, with its principal place of business at ______ (hereinafter
referred
to as “_____”)

WITNESSED
WHEREAS, NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:


本合约由
_____
，
在
_____
法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，
其主要
营业地点在
______
（下称
_____
）（或下称供应商），与
_______
，在
_____
法律
之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司 ，其主要营业地点
_
鉴于

因此，双方当事人达成以下协议：




注：
WITNESSED
可以用
WITHN ESSTH
、
WITHNESSTH THAT
等来代替。

IV.
在很多美国常用合同中，在很多情况下直接用
RECITALS
引导数个陈述语句或“
Whereas Clauses
”。下面为一个资产购买协议实例：

This
ASSET
PURCHASE
AGREEMENT
(the

is
made
and
entered
into
as
of
May
19,
1997
by
and
among
AAA,
a
Delaware
corporation
(
BBB,
a
Delaware
corporation
and
wholly- owned
subsidiary
of
AAA
(
CCC
(
of Summit (


RECITALS

A.
The
Boards
of
Directors
of
each
of
Summit,
Seller,
AAA
and
Buyer
believe
it
is
in
the
best
interests
of
each
company
and
their
respective
security
holders
that
Buyer
acquire
certain
listed
assets
and
assume
certain
listed
liabilities of Seller (the

B. On the date hereof, Buyer has executed a $$2,000,000 irrevocable
purchase order to purchase 400 time-based licenses for Summit's Visual
HDL interfaces for Visual Test bench (
form of purchase order, which is payable within five (5) business days
after the date hereof.


NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants, promises and
representations set forth herein, and for other good and valuable
consideration, the parties agree as follows:



2.
定义

Definition

在正文（
Habend um
）部分，通常第一章为定义（
Definitions
）部分。


定义条款即对合同中涉及的术语及名词作出限定、
解释的条款。
它可以散见 于合
同各个部分，但对于一些大型的、重要的合同，通常将其置于第一章。


I.
常见的定义语句常用
mean,
refer
to,
be
construed
as,
include
等来表达。
如：




1.
“销售地区”是指美利
坚合众国。




2. “Commencement date” shall mean the date of signing this agreement
by the last signing party hereto.
“协议生效日”是指本“协议”最后签字的一方签署本“协议”的日期。






3. The “agreement” herein referred to shall mean this agreement of
agency by entrustment.
“协议”在这里是指本委托代理协议。





4. “Code” shall refer to the current and applicable Internal Revenue
Code.
“法”是指当前可用的国内税收法。





5.
Reference
to
any
statutory
provision
shall
be
construed
as
a
reference
to the same as it may have been, or may from time be, amended, modified
or re-enacted.
引用法律规定理解为引用其本身外，还包括其修订、修正或重新实施案。




6.
“费用”包括各种形式的金钱支出。





II.
还有一类特殊的定义语句，即对于「单、复数」及「阴、阳性」 名词的范围
定义。通常都是用
include
来表达：




1.
certificates
合同中的“股票”，包括单数与复数。




2.
合同中的“他”，包括“他”与“她”。



3. Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or
singular number.
采用单数或复数的单词也包括复数或单数。




III.
定义语句中，有时需限定范围。而通常用得最多的是：“
for
the
purpose
of
”及“
in
relation
to
”某概念的定义条款，如果适用范围仅限于合同的“特
定部份”，可以用“
for the purpose of
”来为定义条款起头。而如果定义条
款是针对合同的“特定概念”，就用“
in relation to
”来界定。如下例：


1. For the purpose of this Agreement,
machineries manufactured by Manufacturer as are specified in Attachment
A hereto.
本协议所称的“产品”，指制造人所制造如附件
A
表列之各式机器。





2.
－

(a)
就自然人而言
in relation to an individual, his usual residential or
business address; and
(b) in relation to a corporation, its registered or principal office in
the Republic of China.
“地址”就自然人而言，指通常之居所或工作场所；就公司而言，指位于中华人< br>民共和国之注册所在地或主营业所。





IV.
在定义条款中，在定义语句前有时会加上一些陈述语句来引导，如：


1. For the purpose of this Agreement, each of the following terms shall
have the following meaning respectively:
就本合同的目的而言，下列各用语，分别具有下述意义：




2. In this Agreement, the following words or expressions shall have the
meanings given to them respectively below:
本协议内所用词句的意义，明确阐述如下：






3.
In
this
agreement
unless
the
context
otherwise
requires,
the
following
words
and
expressions
shall
have
the
meanings
assigned
to
them
hereunder:
除非本“协议”有明确规定，下列词语应当具有如下规定之意义：




4. The following are the definitions of various terms used in this
Agreement:
本“协议”使用之术语定义如下：





3.
有效期


Period of validity

有效期
(Term)
条款通常规定合同的有效期限，
何时生效及到何时结束，
合同结束
后必要时如何延展等等。


I.
以下为“
Term
”的常用表达方式：



The
term
of
this
contract
is
for
a
_____
year
period.
合同的有效期为
_____
年。

如：
The term of this contract is for a one (1) year period.




2. The contract is for a _____ month period, commencing _____.
合同的有效期为
_____
月，开始于
______
。（期限）

a. The contract is for a 12 month period, commencing September 17, 2002
thru September 16, 2003.
b. The contract is for a 6 month period, commencing 4-1-03 and ending
9-30-2003.



3. This agreement remains valid for _____ year(s), i.e. commencing on
______, _____and terminating on ______, _____.
本协议在
_____
年之内有效，
即从_____
年
_____
月
_____
日起生效，
__ ___
年
_____
月
_____
日起到期。




4. The contract term is hereby extended for the period____.
合同的有效期为
_______
。



如：
The
contract
term
is
hereby
extended
for
the
period____
in
accordance
with Section E, Paragraph 10, Term of Contract and Contract Extension.

II.
Term
条款除了规 定合同的期限外，
通常另外合同期限的延展
“
Extension
”
。





1. The contract period is for _____ year with option to re-new for _____
year.
合同有效期为
_____
年，同时可以选择延长< br>_____
年。




2.
The
contract
is
for
a
_____
month
period,
commencing
_____.
The
contract
may be renewed for up to _____ year option periods.
合同的有效期为
_____
月，开始于
_______
，同时可以选择延长
_____
年。






3.
This
agreement
shall
commence
on
the
commencement
date
and
shall
endure
for a continuous period of _____ years. Thereafter it will be
automatically renewed for successive periods of _____ years on the same
terms
and
conditions
unless
one
of
the
parties
had
given
_____days
notice
of termination.
本协议应自生效日生效并在
_____
年内有效。此后，除非一方当事人提前
_____
天书面通知对方当事人 终止本协议，本协议有效期自动延长
_____
年，协议条款
不变。




III.
Term
条款并没有十分固定的表达方式 ，
以下即是一些合同中
Term
的实例：



1.
This
Agreement
shall
be
valid
and
remain
in
force
for
a
period
of
three
(3)
years
commencing
from
the
date
appearing
first
above
written
upon
the
signing
of
both
Party
A
and
Party
B
and
shall
be
extended
for
another
period
of three (3) years on the same terms and conditions unless either of the
parties hereto gives the other party at least thirty (30) days prior
written
notice
to
terminate
this
Agreement
prior
to
the
expiration
of
the
original term.
本合约须从上面首次写明的甲方和乙方签订 本约的日期起生效并保持效力三年，
并将按同样条件延长三年，
否则与约任何一方至少须在原定 时间期满前三十天给
予另一方提前终止本合约的书面通知。





2. At any time and from time to time during the period commencing on the
date
hereof
and
terminating
on
______,
20___,
party
A
may
in
writing
advise
party B.
自本协 议签订之日起到
______
年
______
月协议终止这段期间内，
甲方可随时以书
面形式通知乙方。





3.
The
term
of
this
Agreement
shall
be
three
years
from
the
effective
date,
unless terminated in accordance with Article VI- (3) and Article IX.
本合同的期限除非根据第
8
条第
3
款及第
9
条的规定终止外，有效期为
3
年。




4. The contract is valid from _______ until _______.
The contract period is automatically extended for any leave of absence
allowed for in law.
合同的有效期为从
______
到
_____
。





5. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the _____ day of _____
and end on the _____ day of _____ Upon expiration of the above initial
term,
this
Agreement
shall
automatically
be
renew
and
extended
for
a
like
period of time unless terminated in writing by either party _____ days
prior to the date for such renewal.
本协议期限为
__
年
____
月____
日至
__
年
___
月
___
日。除非 续订日前
_____
天一方
以书面方式提出终止，
否则上述首期届满后，协议应自动续订，
延长时间与前期
相同。




4.
不可抗力

Force Majeure

Force
Majeure
条款是一种免责条款，即免除由于不可抗力事件而违约的一方的
违约责 任。
一般应规定的内容包括：
不可抗力事件的定义
（
Definition
of
Force
Majeure
）以及不可抗力事件的后果（
Consequences of Force Majeure
）。在
Force Majeure
条款中，两者属于因果关系，难以截然分开。


I.
对于
Force Majeure
的定义，《合同法》定义如下：

本法所称不可抗力，是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。

For
purposes
of
this
Law,
force
majeure
means
any
objective
circumstance,
which is unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable.



II.
以下是
Force Majeure
条款的举例：




1. Neither party shall be responsible for delays or failures in
performance resulting from acts or facts reasonably beyond the control
of that party.
任何一方不应对因其无法控制之行为或事实造成协议延迟履行或不履行承担任
何责任。




2. Either Party shall not be liable for any delay caused by any
unpredictable
factor
or
any
factor
which
is
unavoidable
or
insurmountable
by reasonable means at the time of conclusion of this Agreement, or any
loss
caused
by
failure
in
fulfillment
of
obligations
as
stipulated
herein.
协议任一方无须对因任何在本协议签订时无 法预见或以合理手段也无法避免或
克服之原因造成的迟延或不履行本协议之义务所造成的损失承担责任。

注：以上采用的是类似《合同法》概括的定义方法。而合同为不可抗力定义时更
多地 采用列举的方法。




3. Neither party of this Agreement, directly or indirectly owing to any
causes or circumstances beyond its control, including Acts of God,
Governmental
orders
or
restriction,
war,
warlike
conditions,
revolutions,
strike, lockout, fire and flood.
本合同任何一方当事 人对直接或间接地由于其无法控制的原因或情况包括自然
灾害、政府命令或限制、战争、战争状态、革命 、罢工、工厂被关闭、火灾、水
灾等而未能履行或延迟履行合同或合同一部分的行为，不负任何责任。< br>
注
:
Acts
of
God
通常也译为
“不可抗力”
，
但主要是指自然灾害；
而
Force
Majeure
则包括自然及人为两方面。






4. Neither party will be liable for nondelivery, misdelivery or late
delivery (other than the payment of money due hereunder) caused by
circumstances
beyond
its
reasonable
control,
including,
among
others,
war,
civil strife or commotion, riots, strikes, fires, floods, acts of God,
inability
to
obtain
materials,
failure
of
carriers
or
compliance
with
any
law, regulation or governmental order.
任何当事人将不会为任何因 为不可控制的情况产生的未交付货物、
交付错误或延
迟交货
（除了支付应付款）
。
不可控制的情况包括战争、
国内斗争或暴乱、
骚乱、
罢工、火灾、洪灾、 自然灾害、无力获得材料、承运人的失误、遵守法律、法规
或政府令。






5.
Should
either
of
the
parties
to
the
contract
by
prevented
from
executing
the contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire
and
war
and
other
unforeseen
events,
and
their
happening
and
consequences
are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the
other party by cable without any delay, and within 15 days thereafter
provide the detailed information of the events and a valid document for
evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization
for explaining the reason of its inability to execute or delay the
execution of all or part of the contract. Both parties shall, through
consolations, decide whether to terminate the contract or to exempt the
part
of
obligations
for
implementation
of
the
contract
or
whether
to
delay
the execution of the contract according to the effects of the events on
the performance of the contract.
由于地震、台风、水灾、火灾、战争以 及其它不能预见并且对其发生和后果不能
防止或避免的不可抗力事件出现，
致使直接影响合同的 履行或者不能按约定的条
件履行时，遇有上述不可抗力的一方，应立即电报通知对方，并应在十五天内，
提供不可抗力详情及合同不能履行、
或者部分不履行、
或者需要延期履行的理由
的有效证明文件。
此项证明文件应由事故发生地有权证明的机构出具。
按其对履
行合 同影响的程度，
由双方协商决定是否解除合同，
或者部分履行合同，
或者延
期 履行合同。




6. Force majeure shall hereof consist of the following events:
下述事件构成不可抗力：



Where such cases as war, earthquake, serious windstorms, snow, or fire
or other events which no party can foresee and prevent from happening
occur;
发生战争、地震、严重的风灾、雪灾、火灾或其他各方无法预见、无法抗拒的事
故。



The related laws and regulations in collection with the execution of
duties by any party to this Agreement undergo changes, under which this
Agreement will be illegal or the transfer cannot be fulfilled.
自本协议签订之日起与本协议任何一 方履行本协议相关的法律、
法规发生变更致
使本协议非法或转让行为无法完成。



In event of the occurrence of the above-mentioned events, if any party
(hereinafter
referred
to
as
the
“Effected
Party
”)
has
been delayed
or
deterred from performing the duties of this Agreement in the course of
its
execution,
the
Affected
Party
shall
be
free
from
any
liabilities
for
breach of the agreement and for compensation.
在发生本协议不可抗力事件之后，
任何一方
（以下简称受影响方）
在履行本协 议
义务时受到拖延或不能履行时，受影响方不承担任何违约责任及赔偿责任。