traco2018年5月英语三级笔译实务真题+译文

2021年1月20日发(作者：grade是什么意思)


2018
年

5
月英语三级笔译实务真题



英译汉

Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plenty
has
also
led
to
an
unexpected
global
health
crisis:
two
billion
people
are
either
overweight
or
obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However,
developing
countries
are
now
facing
a
similar
crisis.
Obesity
rates
have
peaked
in
high
income
countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation
and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children.
One quarter were in Africa. Residents of developing nation cities are increasingly susceptible to
obesity. According to India’s Natio
nal Institute of Nutrition, over a quarter of urban-dwelling men
and nearly half of women are overweight.

This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have historically focused on ending
hunger. These governments
must understand that the factors making cities
productive also make their
residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a
convenient and
variety of food.
Additionally, international fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health
risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers.

People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies, and video games in the growing
number of households. The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may
become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly
health
care
costs
in
Southeast
Asia
of
obesity- related
complications
like
diabetes
and
cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $$10 billion.

Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care
needs. Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and awareness and the promotion of
localised food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment
for
an
increasingly
overweight
population.
Some
governments
have
already
experimented
with
direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. The US
pioneered the soda tax move ent. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted similar measures.
m
South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in
California recognizes that taxes alone are not e
nough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s
sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores
the importance of education and awareness.


There
is
also
promise
in
initiatives.
Urban
design
holds
significant
power
to
reshape
lifestyle
patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of
their cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou
found
that
middle-income
residents
living
in
walkable
neighbourhoods
enjoy
better
health
than
residents who lived in less walkable neighbourhoods in urban China.

Finally,
healthier
lifestyles
begin
in
grocery
store
aisles.
Governments
should
encourage
tighter
connections
between
agricultural
production
systems,
urban
grocers
and
food
vendors.
Such
initiatives
can
also
help
urban
residents
better
understand
the
mechanics
of
food
sourcing.
This
raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining
controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivize healthy eating and active
lifestyles
constitute
a
promising
response
to
rising
obesity
rates.
Improving
public
health
is
an
important
policy developing countries should take from both an economic and social point of view. To quote
the recent Global Nutrition Report, reducing obesity will boost global development.
改善民生是现代 社会最伟大的成就之一。这样一个富足的年代也导致了难以预料的全球健
康危机：有

20
亿人要么超重，要么肥胖。发达国家的人则更易长胖，引起健康问题。然而，
发 展中国家目前正面临着相似的危机。肥胖率在高收入国家已经达到顶峰，但在其他国家也不
断攀升。世界 卫生组织和世界银行的综合调查结果显示，
2016
年，亚洲的肥胖儿童占据世界
总 数的一半，非洲则占据四分之一。发展中国家的城市居民越来越易胖。根据印度国立营养研
究所（
India’s
National
Institute
of
Nut rition
）的数据，城镇人口中有超过四分之一的男性和将
近一半的女性超重。


对于曾把工作重心放在消除饥饿的各国政府来说，这场危机将会考验他们的政治决心。
这些国家的政府必须明白，让城市便捷、生产力提高的因素同样会使其居民容易肥胖。都市人
能享受各 种各样的美食。此外，国际快餐连锁店在发展中国家正迅速扩张。城市居民久坐不动的
生活方式加剧了这 种饮食习惯的健康风险。


在越来越多的家庭中，人们的休闲时光都花在了看电视、 看电影和打电子游戏上。这些趋
势会引起的后果令人担忧，即发展中国家的人们可能未生财先生病。肥胖 引起的疾病继而会破
坏医疗系统。每年，在东南亚国家，用于治疗糖尿病，心血管疾病等与肥胖相关的并 发症所花费
的医疗保健费用已高达

100
亿美元。


对于已经在奋力满足基本医疗保障的国家来说，这些疾病无疑是雪上加霜。相比于持续增
长的超 重人口最终所花费的治疗费用，制定与税收、城市规划、教育和健康意识以及促进食品
体系本地化相关的 政策，会使控制肥胖的成本更低。某些国家政府已经尝试通过直接干预来控
制肥胖，例如对不健康的食物 和饮料进行征税。美国率先开始实行苏打税。泰国、文莱和新加
坡也采取了类似的措施。南非很可能会在

2018
年

4
月开始征收糖税。美国加利福利亚的 伯
克利市政府则认为，仅仅依靠税收还不足以解决肥胖问题。该市的糖税收入均用于支持儿童营
养和社区健康计划。这凸显了教育和健康意识的重要性。