一起英文美国概况(中英文对应版)

2021年1月20日发(作者：digital什么意思)
美国部分开始

chapter 13 geography
地理位置



and
Hawaii
are
the
two
newest
states
in

northwestern
Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.
阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大 的西北部，夏威夷位邻中
太平洋。
（本细节还有考

一句话简答

的可能）

U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square is the fourth largest
country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.
就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。

all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the
on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.
所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。

Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the
Continental Divide.
落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。


two
main
mountain
ranges
in
American
are
the
Appalachian
mountains
and
the
Rocky
mountains.
The
Appalachians
run
slightly
from
the
northeast
to
southwest
and
the
Rocky
mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.
阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。
（本细节有考

一句话简答题

的可能）

Mississippi River is the largest river in American,over 6000
Mississippi has been called
密西西比河是美国最长河流，有 被称作

众水之父

或

老人河

。


Ohio
river
has
been
called
the
American
Ruhr,As
in
Germany,
the
area
along
the
river is rich in valuable deposits of high- grade coking coal and is well known for
its
steel

river
provides
cheap
water
transportation
for
raw
materials.
俄亥俄河被称作美国的鲁尔河，就像德国一样，沿河有丰富的高品千周 的焦煤，并且因其钢
铁而著名。另外，该河还为原材料提供了廉价的水路运输。

the Pacific side there are two great rivers:the Colorado in the south and the
Columbia ,which rises in Canada.
太平洋沿岸有两大河：科罗拉多河及哥伦比亚河。

9
。
The
Rio
Grande
River
forms
a
natural
boundary
between
Mexico
and
the
United
States.
格兰德河是美国和墨西哥之间的开然界河（本细节考选择和简答可能性大）

most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake
Superior,which
is
the
largest
fresh
water
lake
in
the
world,
Lake
Michigan
,the
only
entirely
in
the
U.S.,Lake
Huron,Lake
Eire
and
Lake

are
located
between
Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.
美国最重要的湖泊是五大湖：苏必利尔湖，密歇根湖， 休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖，其中，
苏必利尔湖为世界最大淡水湖，密歇根湖完全是美国境地内。


11
。美国气候概述

1)
A
humid
continental
climate(
湿润的大陆性气候）
is
found
in
the
north-eastern
part
of the country.

2) In the south-eastern United States you can find a humid subtropical climate.(
湿
润的亚热带气候
---
东南部）


3
）
The Pacific northwest is favored with a maritime climate
海洋性气候
--
太平洋西
北岸）


4
）
The southern part of the Pacific coast in California
（加州太平洋沿岸南部）
has
a Mediterranean climate (
地中海式气候
)with warm,dry summers and moist winters.


factors
besides
latitude
influence
the
climate
in
the
United
s
the
most
important
forces
are
the
Atlantic
and
Pacific
oceans,the
Gulf
of
Mexick
,and
the Great Lakes.
影响美国气候的最主要的因素为：太平洋，和大西泮，墨西哥湾，五大湖。


ionally
from
the
east
to
the
west
the
United
States
can
be
divided
into
seven
geographical regions.
美国从东到西可分为七个地理区。


English is made up of six states of the Northeast .Becaust of its stony soil
it
is
not
noted
for
its
agriculture
.Dairying
is
the
most
inportant
farm
activity,New
English is also well-known for its position in education,Many famous universities
and
colleges
such
as
Yale,Harvard,thd
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology(MIT)
are
located here.
新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成，由于土壤多石，不利于农业生产，乳制品业是最重要的
农业活动，许 多重点大学如耶鲁大学，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都坐落于此。


15
。
New Englanders were originally knows as Yankees,which came to stand for alll
American.
新英格兰人最初曾被称作

美国佬：这一名称，后来渐渐指所有的美 国人。
（选择）


16
。
The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the
united states.
大西洋中部各州的人口占美国总人口的
1/5
。


soil is rich,the rain usually pientiful and the growing season long,These
factors make the Midwest America's most important agricultural area .It is also a
major manufacturing region and the nation's leading center of heavy industry.
中西部地区是美国最重要的农业区，也是主要的制造业区各最主要的重工业区。


o,the
largest
and
busiest
port
on
the
Great
Lakes,
is
the
largest
industral
and commercial center of the area.
芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙的港口，也是该地区最大的
工商业中心。


t is known as the automobile capital of the is known as the
agricultural capital of the United states.
底特律被称作

汽车之都，奥马哈被称作农业
之都。


farming ,irrigation farming,and the cattle and sheep herding are the main
cativities of the Great Plains of the American West.
旱地农业，灌溉农业和牛羊牧业是美国西部大平原地区的主要活动。


do has been called the steel city of the west ,Denver is the largest city
of the Great Plain s.
科罗拉多市被称作

西部钢城

，丹佛市是大平原地区最大的城市。


22
。
the largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau.
美国最大的土著群落位于科罗拉多高原。



Loa,the
world's
largest
volcano,is
located
on
Haiwaii
and
erupts
from
time
to
time,Suger
cane
and
pineapples
anr
Haiwaii's
main
m
is
Haiwaii's
most
important industry.
莫纳洛阿火山是世界最大和活火山，甘蔗和菠罗是夏 威夷的两大作物，
旅游业是夏威夷最重要的产业。


24
。
Honolulu is the capital of Haiwaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska.
火奴鲁鲁是夏威夷的首府，朱诺是阿拉斯加的首府。














第十三章

美国地理位置
Geography
Chapter: 13 geography
地理位置



and
Hawaii
are
the
two
newest
states
in

northwestern
Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.
阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中
太平 洋。
（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能）

2
。
The
U.S
has
a
land
area
of
9.3
million
square

is
the
fourth
largest
country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.
就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。

all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the
on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.
所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。

4
。
The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the
Continental Divide.
落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。

5
。
The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the
Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and
the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.
阿巴拉契 亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。
（本细节有考“一句话简答题”的可能）

6
。
The Mississippi River is the largest river in American,over 6000
Mississippi has been called
密西西比河是美国最长河流，有被称作“众水之父”或“老人河”
。

7
。
The Ohio river has been called the American Ruhr,As in Germany, the area along
the river is rich in valuable deposits of high-grade coking coal and is well known
for
its
steel

river
provides
cheap
water
transportation
for
raw
materials.
俄亥俄河被称作美国的鲁尔河，就像德国一样，沿河 有丰富的高品千周的焦煤，并且因其钢
铁而著名。另外，该河还为原材料提供了廉价的水路运输。

8
。
On the Pacific side there are two great rivers:the Colorado in the south and the
Columbia ,which rises in Canada.
太平洋沿岸有两大河：科罗拉多河及哥伦比亚河。

9
。
The
Rio
Grande
River
forms
a
natural
boundary
between
Mexico
and
the
United
States.
格兰德河是美国和墨西哥之间的开然界河（本细节考选择和简答可能性大）

10
。
the
most
important
lakes
in
the
United
States
are
the
Great
Lakes.
They
are
Lake
Superior,which
is
the
largest
fresh
water
lake
in
the
world,
Lake
Michigan
,the
only
entirely
in
the
U.S.,Lake
Huron,Lake
Eire
and
Lake

are
located
between
Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.
美国最重要的湖泊是五 大湖：苏必利尔湖，密歇根湖，休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖，其中，
苏必利尔湖为世界最大淡水湖，密歇 根湖完全是美国境地内。

11
。美国气候概述

1)
A
humid
continental
climate(
湿润的大陆性气候）
is
found
in
the
north-eastern
part
of the country.
2) In the south-eastern United States you can find a humid subtropical climate.(
湿
润的亚热带气候
---
东南部）

3
）
The Pacific northwest is favored with a maritime climate
海洋性气候
--
太平洋西
北岸）

4
）
The southern part of the Pacific coast in California
（加州太平洋沿岸南部）
has
a Mediterranean climate (
地中海式气候）
with warm,dry summers and moist winters.
12
。
Many
factors
besides
latitude
influence
the
climate
in
the
United
s
the
most
important
forces
are
the
Atlantic
and
Pacific
oceans,the
Gulf
of
Mexick
,and
the Great Lakes.
影响美国气候的最主要的因素为：太平洋，和大西泮，墨西哥湾，五大湖。

13
。
Traditionally from the east to the west the United States can be divided into
seven geographical regions.
美国从东到西可分为七个地理区。

14
。
New
English
is
made
up
of
six
states
of
the
Northeast
.Becaust
of
its
stony
soil
it
is
not
noted
for
its
agriculture
.Dairying
is
the
most
inportant
farm
activity,New
English is also well-known for its position in education,Many famous universities
and
colleges
such
as
Yale,Harvard,thd
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology(MIT)
are
located here.
新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成，由于土壤多石，不利于农业生产，乳制品业是最重要的
农业活动，许 多重点大学如耶鲁大学，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都坐落于此。

15
。
New Englanders were originally knows as Yankees,which came to stand for alll
American.
新英格兰人最初曾被称作
“美国佬：
这一名称，
后来渐渐 指所有的美国人。
（选择）

16
。
The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the
united states.
大西洋中部各州的人口占美国总人口的
1/5
。

17
。
The soil is rich,the rain usually pientiful and the growing season long,These
factors make the Midwest America''s most important agricultural area .It is also a
major manufacturing region and the nation''s leading center of heavy industry.
中西部地区是美国最重要的农业区，也是主要的制造业区各最主要的重工业区。

18
。
Chicago,the
largest
and
busiest
port
on
the
Great
Lakes,
is
the
largest
industral
and commercial center of the area.
芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙的港口，也是该地区最大的
工商业中心。

19
。
Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the is known as the
agricultural capital of the United states.
底特律被称作“汽车之都，奥马哈被称作农
业之都。

20
。
Dry farming ,irrigation farming,and the cattle and sheep herding are the main
cativities of the Great Plains of the American West.
旱地农业，灌溉农业和牛羊牧业是美国西部大平原地区的主要活动。

21
。
Colorado has been called the steel city of the west ,Denver is the largest city
of the Great Plains.
科罗拉多市被称作“西部钢城”
，丹佛市是大平原地区最大的城市。

22
。
the largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau.
美国最大的土著群落位于科罗拉多高原。

23
。
Mmauna Loa,the world''s largest volcano,is located on Haiwaii and erupts from
time
to
time,Suger
cane
and
pineapples
anr
Haiwaii''s
main
m
is
Haiwaii''s
most
important
industry .
莫纳洛阿火山是世界最大和活火山，甘蔗和菠罗是夏
威夷的两大作物，旅游业是夏威夷最重要 的产业。

24
。
Honolulu is the capital of Haiwaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska.
火奴鲁鲁是夏威夷的首府，朱诺是阿拉斯加的首府


第十四章

美国人口种族
and Ethnic groups
chapter 14
：
and Ethnic groups

必背细节

United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world
after Chind and India.
美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。

2
。
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth,The United States
has
a
more
or
less
open- door
policy
to
immigtants
from
independence
until

Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at
the turn of the century.19
世纪末
20
世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接
待点。

3
。
Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in
n 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and
Hispanic countries.
如今美国移民的< br>80%
到
90%
主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。

4
。
Arizona,Nevada,and
Florida
have
been
the
fastest
growing
states
in
population
for
the
last
20
years.
在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。

5
。
The first immigrants in the American history cane from England and Netherlands.
美国历史是第一批移民来自英国和荷兰。

6
。
The
first
of
these
immigration
waves
in
the
mid-1810s
and
reached
the
highest
point
in

second
wave
covered
the
period
between
1860
and
1890.
The
largest
of
the
three immigration wave in American was from 1890-1914.
三次移民浪潮中最大的一次是
1890-1914
年。

in five American moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunity,a
better climate of other goals.
有
1/5
的美国人每年搬一次家。

8
。美国的四次大规模的人口流动：

流动方向

the Frist 1865-1880 east coast ------west
the Second 1980-1920 rural areas ------cities
the Third 1920----1960 the south/black people ----other areas
the fourth 1960-now Northeast /Central-N----the West/the South
9
。
A large number of blank people move out of the south to other areas during the
period between 1920- 1960.
大批黑人离开南方涌向外地发生在
1920-1960
年间。

10
。
The
largest
of
the
racial
and
ethnic
minorities
in
the
United
States
is
the
blacks
who number about 12.1% of the population. The first blacks were brought to North
America as slaves in 1619.
美国人口最多的少数 民族是黑人，大约占总人口的
12
。
1%
，第一批黑人作为奴隶于
1 619
年
运抵北美。

11
。
three
major
Hispanic
groups
historically
have
had
the
greatest
influence
on
the
United are Mexico-Americans of Chicanos ,the Puerto Ricans and the
Cuban-Americans.
三大对美国影响最大的讲西班牙语的群体 为：墨西哥后裔美国人，波多黎
各人，古巴裔美国人。
（一句话回答）

12
。
The most
important obstacle to Hispanic success in the labor maket is their low
ics have the highest school dropout rate of any major racial and
ethnic
group.
讲西班牙 语的美国人在其他种族的民族中失学率最高，
因此，
阻挡他们在劳动
力市场获得成功的 最主要是教育程度低。

13
。
The
Asian- Americans
are
the
fastest-growing
racial
and
ethnic
group
in
the
United
States,The largest group of Asian-Americans are the s say
three
Asian
traditions
best
explain
the
success
of
Asian-American:eduction ,hardwork,and family.
美国少数民族人口中增长最快是亚裔美国人，亚裔美国 人中又以华裔美国人最多，专家指出
亚洲三大传统可以用来解释亚裔美国人的成功：教育，工作努和和家 庭。
（一句话回答）

14
。
Traditionally,the
mainstream
American
were
called
WASPs,that
is
,White
Anglo-Saxon Protestants.
传统上读，美国人的主流是祖先为英国新教徒的白人。

还有几个必背解释，

1
。
WAPs 2001
已考，估计不会再考，即上述第十二条。

2
。
The Hispanics
讲西班牙语的（人或民族）

The
Hispanics
usually
are
Spanish- speaking
person
of
Latin-American
origin
who
live
in the United there are three major Hispantic groups which have grest
influence
on
the

are
Mexico-American
of
Chicano
,Pueto
Ricans
and
Cuban-American.
第十五章

美国历史（一）
American History(I)
Chapter 15: American History(1)
美国历史（一）




American

the

first
English
colony
in
the
Americas
was
founded
at
Jamestown
,Virginaia,in
n
1607
and
1733
the
British
eastablished 13 colonies along the east coast of North American.
“最早的美国人”
是印地安人，
英国于
1607
年在美国建立了第一块殖民地，
即在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯，
1607-173 3
年间，英国在北美洲的东海岸建立了十三个殖民地。

2
。
In 1620,201 of Pilgrimw sailed to the New World in a ship called
arrived at Plymouth and built the Plymouth colony.1620
年，有
201
名英国清教徒乘坐
一名为”五月花号“的船到达了普利茅斯并建立了殖民地。

3
。
From
1630
to
1643,some
200
ships
transported
over
20000
Englishmen
to
the
Massachusetts Bay colony.
从
1630-1643
年，约有
200
艘船把
2
万英国人抵马 萨者萨弯殖民地。

4
。
The
colonists
were
building
a
new
way
of
life
in
the
New

were
a
number
of
features
which
would
play
a
role
in
forming
the
American

were
:representative
from
of
goverment,rule
of
law,respect
of
individual
rights,religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.
殖民主义< br>者新生活方式的这些特点在美国人性格形成中发挥了重要作用：建立代义制政府，法治，对
个人权 利的尊重，宗教上的宽容及强烈的个人进取心。

5
。
In September 1744,the Frist Continental Congress was held ih Philadelphia which
encouraged American to refuse to buy British goods.1744
年
9
月 ，第一届大陆仁义在
费城如开，鼓励美国人拒绝买英货。

6
。
The Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson of
Declaration
is
a
clear
explanation
of
the
political
theory
behind
the
revolution
and
this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.
《独立宣言》是由托马斯。杰文逊起草的，它明确阐述了支撑这场革命的政治理论，这一理
论来源于英国 著名哲学家约翰。洛克。

7
。
On
the
Christmas
Day
of
1776,the
Americans
defeated
the
British
troops
at
Trenton,New long afterwards ,the Americans troops deteated the British
at Saratoga in Northern New was a great turning point of the War of
Independence,leading dirtctly to an alliance between the U.S and France.
1766
年的圣诞节，
美军在新泽西的特伦顿挫败英军，
这 之后不久，
美军在萨拉托加击败英军，
史称“萨拉托加大捷”这次胜利被认为是北美独立战争的 转折点，并直接导致美法联军的建
立。

8
。
In
September
,1783,the
Treaty
of
Paris
was
signed,Britain
recognized
the
indeperdance of the U.S.1783
年
9
月簦订《巴黎和约》
，英正式承认美国独立。

9
。
The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of the constitution
as well as one of the most important works on political theory.
<
联邦文集》被认为是对美国宪法最好的解释，也是美国最重要的政治理论著作之一。

10
。
The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution,which was called the Bill of
Rights,adopted in 1791 which promise to protect individuals''rights.
成为宪法的前十条修正案正案被称为《人权法案》
。


Articles
of
Confederation
was
accepted
by
all
the
states
by
Match

has
two
serious
weaknesses:1>there
was
no
national
executive
of
law-enforcing
branch;2>Congress has no power to raise taxes.
1781
年美国各州批准了被称为《联邦条款》的文件，它有两缺陷：一是没有执行或执法机构
二是国会由于过于庞大起不到政府的作用，而且国会无权征税。

12
。
The U.S went to war with Britain in 1812,the last war fought between these two
countries.
英美最后一次交火是
1812
的英美战争。

13
。
During the 13 years of Indian wars after the War of Independence,the Americans
forced England to give up the Old Northwest and they forced Spain to open the
Mississippi

crossing
of
the
Mississippi
helped
persuade
Napoleon
to
sell
the Louisiana Territory to the 1853,in the Gadaden Purchase another 30000
spuare miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.
在独战后十三的印第安战争中，美国人适使英国放弃了 旧西北地区，使西班牙开放密西西比
河，
促使拿破伦把路易斯字那志给美国，
在
1853
年的加兹登购买中，
另外的
3
万平方米的墨
西哥土地也为 美国领土。

14
。
The twp famous leaders of black movement in the U.S in the 1830s were Garrison
and Frederick Douglass.
在
19
世纪
30
年代两位著名的黑人领袖为加里森和道格拉斯

15
。
The
Union
army
under
the
command
of
Ulysses

deteated
the
Confedetate
army
at Gettysburg,Pensylvania,this victory was the turning point of the Civil War.
北
方联军在尤利西斯。格 兰特的指挥下，在宾夕法尼亚的葛底斯堡击败了南方联盟军，葛底斯
堡大捷是美国内战的转折点。

16
。
Tn
the
Civil
war,Lincoln
realized
that
he
could
win
support
for
the
Union
at
home
and abroad by making the war a just war against he issued the famous
Emancipation Proclamation.
美国内战期间，林肯发表了《解放奴隶宣言》

17
。
On November 19,1863,Abraham Lincoln made a short speech on the occasion of
dedicating
the
national
cemetery
at

ended
his
speech
with
these
memorable words:
not perish from the earth.
1863
年
11
月
9
日，林肯在葛 底斯堡阵亡将士公墓落成仪式上发表了简短的演说，他以另人
难忘的语言结束了演说“民有，民治，民享 的政府永远不会从地球上消失。

18
。
A
conference
was
held
in
Philadelphia
in
May
1787
to
consider
what
should
be
done
to
make
the
Articles
of
Confederation

of
the
states
except
Rhode
Island
were represented at the Consititutional Convention.
1787
年在费城召开的制宪会议上，
除了罗得岛外，其他所有州都参加了，
大家讨论如何使
《联
邦条款》能够满足需要。

另外有几个名词解释和问答题也要记得：

包括：
Boston Tea Party
波士顿倾茶事件

the Declaration of Independence
独立宣言

the Emancipation of Proclamation
解放奴隶宣言


第十六章

美国历史（二）
American History(II)

Chapter 16: American History(2)
美国历史（二）


（
1900-1945)
必背细节

1
．
In
1880,the
U.S
ranked
first
in
the
world
in
the
production
of
steel;
in
1900,the
U.S. produced 245million tons of coal, ranking first in the world.1880
年美国钢产
`
量世界第一，
1900
年煤产量世界第一。

2
．
Large corporation ,urbanization and new technology were the three features in
the growth of American economy at the beginning of the 20 th century.
大公司的出现，
城市化及新技术的迅速发展是美国
20
世纪初经济增长出现的三大特点。

3
．
In
1903,the
Wright
brothers
flew
a
plane
for
a
brief
12
seconds
at
Kitty
Hawk,North
Carolina. This was the beginning of the appearance of the plane. In 1911,Glenn
designed and flew a successful plane. 1903
年，莱特兄弟发明了第一架飞机，
但只飞行了
12
秒 。
1911
年格伦。
E
。库利斯设计了一架飞机，并成功试飞。

4
．
At the beginning of the WWI, the impartial neither in action, nor in
pursued a policy of pro-Ally partiality.
第一次世界大战开始时，美国宣布< br>保持中立，但在行动和思想上都没有做到中立，美国真正奉行的是支持同盟国的政策。

5
．
The
1920s
in
the
U.S.
has
been
described
by
many
historians
as
a
period
of
material
success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.
许 多历史学家都
把美国的二十世纪二十年代描写成一个物质上成功，精神是迷惘或漫无目标的时期。

6
．
The
stock
market
crash
was
the
beginning
of
long
economic
depression
in
the
late
1920S and 1930S.
股票市场的崩溃是
1929-1933
年的经济大萧条的开端。

7
．
The aim of President Roosevelt
’
s New measures was to save American democracy
and the capitalist system.< br>罗斯福总统“新政：措施的目的在于”拯救美国民主“及克服
资本主义制度有史以来最严重的经济 制度。

8
．
In
the
early
1930S,the
American
foreign
policy
was
isolationism,
to
keep
the
U.S.
out of the fighting that was going on in Europe and Asia.
在
30
年代初期，美国奉行
的是孤 立主义的外交政策，即使美国远离欧洲和亚洲的秸?
?br>
9
．
During the WWII, the postponement of the opening of the Second Front was a
reflection of the American
’
s desire not to give the Soviet Union the possibility
of
quick
expansi on.
二战期间，美国延缓开辟第二战场就反映出美国不让苏联有迅速扩张的
可能性

10
．
American
diplomacy
in
WWII
was
largely
diplomacy
towards
Britain
and
the
Soviet
were two guiding principles behind all diplomatic activities:1>to win
the
war;2>to
establish
t
postwar
political
structure
in
accord
with
American
interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.
二战期间，美国的外
交政策大体上是针对英国的前苏联的，所有外交政策的两个主导原则是：羸得战争，按美国
利益 建立战后政治格局并阻止苏联的过度扩张。

11
．
The
leaders
of
the
U.S.
the
Soviet
Union
and
Britain
met
three
times
during
the
WWII.1>The first summit was held at Teheran in November the conference it
was decided that a large-scale attack on the south of France would be launched in
May
,1944,which
was
codenamed
Overlord.2>The
second
conference
was
held
in
Yalta
in
February,1945,it decided on the setting-up of a world organization: the United
Nation .3>The third conference was held at Potsdam, which confirmed the temporary
division of Europe agreed to at Yalta.
二战期间 ，英，美，苏三中领导人共会晤了三次，
第一次是在
1943
年
11
月在德黑兰会议，该会义决定进行代号为“霸王行动”的军事行动，
向法国南部大举进攻，第二次是1945
年
2
月的雅尔塔会议，本次会议决定建立联合国组织，
第三次是 在
1945
年
7
。
8
月间在柏林城外举行的波茨坦会议，该 会主要确认了雅尔雅尔塔会
议关于欧洲格局的暂时分配。

必背解释

1
．
The Muckrakers(
黑幕揭发者
)
The
Muckrakers
were
a
group
of
reform-minded
journalists
who
made
investigations
and
exposed the dark sides of the society.
Progressive Mo vement(
进步运动
/
进步主义
)
（
Progress ivism
）

it
was
a
movement
at
the
turn
of
the
20th
century
which
demanded
government
regulation
of
the
economy
and
social
conditions,
spread
quickly
with
the
support
of
large
number
of
people
across
the
country.
The
Progressive
Movement
was
not
an
organi*oals.
Rather,
it was a number of diverse efforts at political,social and economic reforms.
z faire(
放任主义
)
it
was
an
economic
practice
which
stressed
that
the
management
of
the
economy
should
be left to the business people and the government should merely preserve order and
protect property.
Red scare(
红色恐惧
)
Between 1919 and 1920,the Red Scare happened in America where at that time a highly
aggressive and intolerance nationalism existed. On November 7,1919 and January
2,1920,the
Justice
Department
launched
two
waves
of
mass
attests.
Over
4000
suspected
Communists and radicals were arrested and many were forced to leave the U.S.
Ku Klux Klan(KKK)
三
K
党

The KKK was first organized in 1866 and then reformed in 1867 after the Civil War
in the South and by 1924 it claimed a membership of four to five million. It was a
violent
society
which
terrorized
and
attacked
on
not
only
blacks
,but
also
progressives, Communist and socialist party members, etc.
New Deal(
罗斯福新政
)
it
was
put
forward
by
American
President
Roosevelt
who
wanted
to
do
something
to
deal
with the Great Depression at that time. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up
some efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to
“
save American
democracy
”
and
to
overcome
the
most
serious
economic
crisis
of
the
capitalist
system
up to that time.
ionism(
孤立主义
)
it was the American foreign policy in the early tried to keep the U.S out
of the fighting that was going on in Europe and Asia.

第十七章

美国历史（三）
American History(III)

Chapter 17 American History(III) in Era(1945-1980S)

必背细节

1.
On
Feb
22,1946,George
Kennan,
a
high-ranking
official
in
the
American
embassy
to
Moscow,
wrote
in
the
telegram
that
the

should
be
vigilant
containment
of
Russian
expansive
tendencies.
Later
the
containment
policy
became
the
official
policy
towards the Soviet Uni on.1946
年
2
月
22
日，美国驻苏联大使乔治。凯南在他的电 报中主
张对苏联采取遏制政策。

2
．
The open declaration of the containment policy was made by President Truman on
March 12,1949 in a speech to the joint session of congress.1949
年
3
月
12
日杜鲁门
总统在国会联席会议上公开宣布了遏制政策。

3
．
In
order
to
protect
Western
Europe
from
possible
Soviet
expansion,
the
d
to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the
Marshall plan .
为了保护西欧不受苏联扩张影响，美国决定给予西欧国家经济支援，此举后
来被称作“马歇尔 计划。
”

4
．
The
North
Atlantic
Treaty,
which
was
signed
on
April
4,1949,marked
the
beginning
of
s
in
setting
up
a
military
alliance
around
the
Soviet
Union
and
its
allies.
美国于
1949
年
4
月< br>4
日签订的北大西洋公约标志着美国开始致力于在苏联及其盟国周围建立
军事同盟。
5
．
When
the
Korean
War
broke
out
in
June,1950,Truman
sent
the
7th
Fleet
to
the
Taiwan
Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan.1950
年
6
月朝鲜战争爆发，美国杜
鲁门政府第七舰队进驻台湾海峡，阻止中国人民解放军解放台湾。

6
．
The
Montgomery
boycott
was
led
by
Martin
Luther
King,
Jr,a
young
black
clergyman
who later became a national leader of the Civil Rights movem ent.1955
年的蒙哥马利
抵制公共汽车公司运动由小马丁。路德。金领导，他是一个黑人 牧师，后来成为民权运动的
全国领导人。

7
．
Since 1945 the United States had entered a twenty-five- year economic
cornerstones were the automobile,housing,and defense industries.
自
1945
年以来，美
国经济进入了长达
25
年的繁荣期，经济繁荣的基本为 汽车，住房和国防工业。

8
．
Between
1946
and
1961,more
than
63.5
million
babies
were
born
in
the
U.S,making
the baby-boom generation the largest by far in the American hist ory.
从
1946
年到
1961
年，是美国历史上的生育高峰期。

9
．
When the Cuban Missile Crisis happened in 1962,the president of American is
Kennedy,the president of Russia is Khrushchev. 1962
年古巴导弹危机爆发时，美国在位
总统为肯尼迪，苏联首领为赫鲁晓夫。

10
．
Richard
Nixon
,who
was
elected
on
a
platform
of
ending
the
Vietnam
War,
changed
the
strategy
into
“
Vietnamization
”
of
the
war
building
up
South
Vietnamese
troops
to
replace
American
fighting
force.
里查德。尼克松以结束 越战作为自己的竞选纲领，提
出把战略改为战争越南化，即建立越南军队以其代替美国军队。

11
．
In the late 1960s and early 1970s the U.S began to look for a way to improve
relations
with
China
so
as
to
get
China
’
s
help
for
its
withdrawal
from
south
Vietnam
and to work with China against Soviet expansion.20
世纪
60
年代末
70
年代 初，美国改
善对华关系的有两上：一是以便从越撤军时能得到中国的帮助，再是希望与中国合作联手对< br>付苏联的扩张。

12
．
In February 1972,President Nixon visited China and met Mao Zedong and the two
countries issued the Shanhai visit ended twenty-three years of
hostility
and
led
to
the
establishment
of
diplomatic
relations
in
January
1979.1972
年
2
月尼克松与毛泽东东会晤，双方签署了《上海联合公报》
。