星期三的英文国际商务英语课文电子版lesson (10)

2021年1月20日发(作者：风格的英文)
Lesson10 International Payment
Generally
speaking,
it
is
not
very
difficult
for
buyers
and
sellers
in
domestic
trade
to
get
to
know
each
other’s
financial
status
and
other
information, and payment is likely to
be made in a straightforward manner,
say

（
for example
）
by remittance or
by
debiting
the
debtor’s
account
.
In
international
trade,
however,
things
are
far
more
complicated.
Purchase
and
sale
of
goods
and
services
are
carried
out
beyond
national
boundaries,
which
make
it
rather
difficult
for the parties
concerned
in
the
transaction
to
get
adequate
information
about
each
other’s
financial
standing
and
creditworthiness
(
资
信
；
信
誉
).
Therefore,
mutual
trust
is
hard
to
build. Both the exporter and importer
face
risks
as
there
is
always
the
possibility
that
the
other
party
may
not fulfill the contract.

For
the
exporter
there
is
the
risk of buyer
default
（
不按期付款）
.
The importer might fail to pay in full
for the goods. He might go bankrupt.
His
government
might,
for
various
reasons,
ban
（禁止）
trade
with
the
exporting
country
or
ban

imports
of
certain
commodities.
The
buyer
might run into difficulties getting the
foreign
exchange

to
pay
for
the
goods.
It
is
even
possible
that
the
buyer
is
not
reliable
and
simply
refuses to pay the agreed amount on
various excuses.

On
the
part
of
the
importer,
there
is
the
risk
that
the
shipment
will
be
delayed,
and
he
might
only
receive
them
long
after
payment.
The
delay
may
be
caused
by
problems
in
production
or
transportation,
and
such
delays
may
lead to loss of business. There is also
a
risk
that
wrong
goods
might
be
sent as a result of
negligence
（疏忽
大意）

of
the
exporter
or
simply
because
of
his
lack
of
integrity
（
honesty
）
.
Political
risks
such
as
war,
quotas,
foreign
exchange
control;
commercial risks like market change
and exchange rate fluctuations(
波动
);
and even language barriers all
add up
to

（
increase
）
the
problems
in
international trade. Because
of these
problems
and
risks,
exporters
are
hesitant to release their goods before
receiving
payment,
while
importers
prefer to
have control over
the goods
before
parting with
their money.
Various
methods
of
payment
have
been
developed
to
cope
with
different
situations
in
international
trade.
When
the
political
and
economic
situation
in
the
importing
country makes payment uncertain or
when
the
buyer
’s
credit
standing
is
dubious
(doubtful), the exporter may
prefer cash in advance or partial cash
in advance. In this case, the importer
has
no
guarantee
that
the
exporter
will
fulfill
his
obligations
once
he
has
made
payment
by
cash.
If
the
buyer and the seller know each other
well,
they
may
decide
to
trade
on
open
account.
This
means
that
no
documents
are
involved
and
that
legally
(in
terms
of
law)
the
buyer
can pay anytime. The seller loses all
control
over
the
goods
once
they
have
been
shipped.
Sales
on
this
basis are usually paid for by periodic
payment, and obviously the exporter
must
have
sufficient
financial
strength
经济实力

to
carry
the
cost
of the goods until receiving payment.
If
the
exporter
wishes
to
retain
（保
留）

title or ownership
（所有权）
to
the
goods,
he
can
enter
into
consignment
transactions.
This
means
the
exporter
has
to
send
his
goods
abroad
and
will
not
get
payment
until
the
goods
are
sold.
If
not
sold,
the
goods
can
be
shipped
back.
Therefore,
this
arrangement