galactic新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第一册Unit6单词解释及例句

2021年1月20日发(作者：echi)


New words


Unit 6
TEXT A

numerous
a.
many
许多的；很多的

The library has numerous books, more than I have ever expected.
这个图书馆拥有大量的图书，比
我预想的要多得多。


reliable
a.
able to be trusted or depended on
可信赖的；可靠的

A reliable employee does his/her job with minimal error.
一个可靠的员工工作起来错误最少。


contrast
vt.
compare two things, ideas, people, etc. to show how different they are from each other
使成对比；

使成对照

In her essay, the author contrasts the present economic crisis with the one 10 years ago.
作者在文
中就当前的经济危机和十年前的经济危机进行了对比。

vi.
(of two things) be different from each other, often in a noticeable or interesting way
形成对比

Her dark hair contrasted sharply with her pale silk gown.
她的黑头发和她的浅色丝绸礼服形成了强
烈的对比。

n.
[C, U] a difference between people, ideas, situations, things, etc. that are being compared
差异；

差别

The book presents a very interesting contrast between life now and life 100 years ago.
这本书把现
在的生活和

100
年之前的生活进行了十分有趣的对比。

Harry
’
s house is big and decent. In contrast, the house just next to his is small and shabby.
哈利的
房子又大又体面。相反，就在他边上的那座房子却又小又破旧。


indicate
vt.
1 show that a particular situation exists, or that sth. is likely to be true
表明；显示

The analyses indicate that in aircraft accidents, the system is most often at fault, not the operator.
这些分析表明，在飞机失事事故中往往是系统出了问题，而非操作人员出现失误。

2 say or do sth. to make your wishes, intention, etc. clear
表明（意向等）

Professor Smith has indicated his intention to retire at the end of the year.
史密斯教授表示打算今
年年底退休。


indicator

n.
[C] sth. that can be regarded as a sign of sth. else
指示物；指示者

Age alone is a poor indicator of a person
’
s capability, so we must consider other aspects.
单看年
龄不能说明一个人的能力，因此我们必须考虑其他方面。


decrease
v.
become less or go down to a lower level, or make sth. do this
（使）变小；（使）减少

In the evening, one
’
s body temperature begins to decrease in preparation for sleep.
夜晚，人的体
温开始下降，为睡觉作准备。


1
n.
[C, U] the process of becoming less, or the amount by which sth. becomes less
减少；减少的量

Thanks to the great efforts made by the police, crime has been on the decrease in the past few
years.
由于警察的巨大努力，过去几年的犯罪率呈下降趋势。


assess
vt.
1 make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it
评价；评定

They are conducting a survey to assess the impact of advertising on people
’
s consumer behavior.
他们正在进行一项调查，测评广告对于人们消费行为的影响。

2 calculate the value or cost of sth.
估价；估计

The value of the house was assessed at one million US dollars.
该房屋估价为

100
万美元。


alter
v.
change, or make sb. or sth. change
（使）变化；（使）改变

If it rains we
’
ll have to alter our plan for the holiday.
如果下雨，我们将不得不改变假期的计划。

The city center has altered beyond recognition.
市中心变得都认不出来了。


stake
n.
1 (~s) [pl.] the things that you can gain or lose by taking a risk, e.g. in business or politics
赌注；风
险

They finally rejected the idea of building a shopping center in the small town because the stakes
were high.
他们最终还是放弃了在小镇上建一座购物中心的想法，因为风险太大了。

2 [C] money that you risk as the result of a horse race, card game, etc.
（赛马、牌局等的）赌注，

押金

For a dollar stake, you can win up to $$1,000,000.
押一美元的赌注，你最多可以赢一百万美元。

3 [C] the part of a business that you own because you have invested money in it
股份

He holds a 30% stake in the firm.
他在这家公司拥有

30%
的股份。


academic
a.
(usu. before noun) relating to education, esp. at college or university level
学术的

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects
such as business studies.
传统的学术科目在学生中不太受欢迎
,
如今学生们更喜欢商科等科目。


undermine
vt.
gradually make sb. or sth. less strong or effective
逐渐削弱；逐渐损害

Someone is trying to undermine the relationship between you and me.
有人试图破坏我俩之间的关
系。


significant
a.
1 very large or noticeable
相当数量的；显著的

They have all invested significant amounts of time and energy in making this project a success.
他
们都为这个项目的成功付出了相当多的时间和精力。

2 very important
重要的；意义重大的

Please inform me if there are any significant changes in your plan.
如果你的计划有重大变更，请通
知我。


significantly


2
ad.

3
in an important way or to an important degree
重大地；显著地

Employment rates are unlikely to rise significantly before the end of this year.
就业率在今年年底前
不可能有显著上升。


interfere
vi.
deliberately get involved in a situation where you are not wanted or needed
介入；干涉；干预
This
is our country
’
s domestic affair; we do not expect other countries to interfere.
这是我国内政；

我
们不希望别国来干涉。


overall
ad.
1 generally
一般地；总体上

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.
总的来说，我对自己职业生涯中这一
新的转变感到很满意。

2 considering or including everything
全部地；总共

Overall, 40% of cities have seen the rise of house prices.
共有

40%
的城市的房价在上涨。

a.
(only before noun) considering or including everything
包括一切的；全部的

The overall length of the new bridge is 1,200 meters.
这座新桥的总长是

1,200
米。


proof
n.
[C, U] facts, information, documents, etc. that prove sth. is true
证明；证据

When he was confronted with proof of his crime, he broke down.
当罪犯面对自己的犯罪证据时，

他崩溃了。


approximately
ad.
used for showing that an amount, number, time, etc. is not exact
大致；近似

She has lost approximately 10 pounds since I met her last time.
从我上次见到她到现在为止，她的
体重已经减了大约

10
磅。


seemingly
ad.
1 (fml.) according to the facts as you know them
看样子；看来

There is seemingly nothing we can do to stop the plan going ahead.
看样子我们无法阻止这项计划
的实施。

2 appearing to have a particular quality, when this may or may not be true
看上去；表面上；外观
上

She has a seemingly endless list of complaints to make.
她看上去有没完没了的牢骚要发。


consistent
a.
1 continuing to happen or develop in the same way
稳定发展的；持续不变的

The last five years have seen a consistent improvement in the country
’
s economy.
在过去五年
中，这个国家的经济经历了持续的发展。

2 always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards, etc., usu. used to
show approval
（行为、态度、标准等）一贯的，一致的

Since joining the team last year, he
’
s been the most consistent player in the team.
自从去年入队以
来，他已经成为队中表现最为稳定的选手。


toll


4
n.
1 [C] a very bad effect that sth. has on sth. or sb. over a long period of time
严重的不良影响
Lack
of sleep takes a toll on nearly every aspect of daily life.
缺少睡眠对日常生活的几乎各个方面都会
造成不良影响。

2 [C, usu. sing.] the number of people killed or injured in a particular accident, by a particular
illness, etc.
伤亡人数

It was reported that the death toll from last week
’
s forest fire was 25.
据报道，上周的森林大火造成

25
人死亡。

given
prep.
taking sth. into account
考虑到；鉴于

Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书
应该是适合她的职业。

Given that the voters approve the funds, we
’
ll have a new park in our town.
由于选举人同意使用那
些资金，我们镇上就会有一个新公园了。

a.
(only before noun) (any/a ~
…
) any particular time, situation, amount, etc. that is being used as an
example
指定的；特定的

Our restaurant can provide service to 30 guests within any given period of time.
我们的餐厅可以在
任何特定时间内为

30
人提供餐饮服务。


indication
n.
[C, U] a sign that sth. will happen, is true, or exists
象征；迹象；标示

Indications are that the patient is getting better.
种种迹象表明，那个病人的病情正在好转。
There
is every indication that this figure will more than double by the end of the year.
种种迹象表明，这
一数据将在年底翻一番还不止。


compromise
vt.
risk harming or losing sth. important
危及；损害

Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances of reaching the finals of the competition.
这
个阶段的失败会减少他们进入决赛的机会。

We cannot compromise the safety of our workers.
我们不能危及自己工人的安全。

vi.
solve a problem or end an argument by accepting that you cannot have everything that you want
折中解决；让步

The workers are going to strike if the employers are not ready to compromise.
如果雇主不愿意让
步，工人们就要举行罢工。

n.
[C, U] a way of solving a problem or ending an argument in which both people or groups accept
that they cannot have everything that they want
妥协；和解

There are signs that both sides may be seeking a compromise.
有迹象表明，双方也许正在寻求和
解。


whereas
conj.
(fml.) used to say that although sth. is true of one thing, it is not true of another
但是；却；尽管

Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.
智者热爱真理，愚者回避真理。

My children want to live in town, whereas I myself would rather live in the country.
我的孩子们要住
在城里
,
而我自己情愿住在乡下。

His children are well bred, whereas those of his sister
’
s are naughty.
他的孩子很有教养，但他姐姐
的孩子却调皮得很。


5
marginal
a.
1 barely within a lower standard or limit of quality
勉强够格的；最低限度的

He has received little education and his reading and writing abilities are marginal.
他没受过什么教
育，他的阅读和写作能力很有限。

2 (of change or difference) too small to be important
小的；微不足道的；不重要的

The new law will only have a marginal effect on the lives of most people.
新法律对大多数人的生活
影响甚微。


commit
vt.
1 decide to use money, time, people, etc. for a particular purpose
投入（钱、时间、人力等）

We promise to commit time and effort to improving life for people in poor towns.
我们承诺将投入时
间和精力来改善贫困城镇居民的生活。

2 do sth. wrong or illegal
犯（错误或罪行）

Because so many factors lead individuals to commit crimes, it is extremely difficult to predict trends.
由于造成个人犯罪的因素实在太多，因此要预测犯罪趋势是极其困难的。


committed
a.
willing to work very hard at sth.
坚定的；尽心尽力的

The organization is committed to achieving equal rights for women.
该组织致力于为妇女争取平等
权利。


withdraw
v.
no longer take part in sth., or stop sb. or sth. from taking part
退出；不参加

In his speech, he emphasized that he did not withdraw from the election campaign for personal
reasons.
他在讲话中强调退出竞选活动并非出于个人原因。

vt.
take money from a bank account
（从银行）提取

This credit card allows you to withdraw up to $$500 a day.
这张信用卡允许你每天最多提现

500
美
元。


striking
a.
attracting your interest or attention because of some unusual feature
引人注目的；显著的；吸引人
的

Perhaps the most striking aspect of this computer is that it is so easy to use.
这款电脑最吸引人的
地方是它操作方便。

He bears a striking resemblance to his father.
他和他父亲像极了。


generate
vt.
1 produce or cause sth.
产生；创造

I think this new product will generate a lot of income for the company.
我认为这款新产品将为公司
创造大笔收入。

2 produce heat, electricity, or another form of energy
产生（热、电等能量）

The local government decided to use the river to generate electricity.
当地政府决定利用那条河发
电。


anew


6
ad.
again, often in a new or different way
再；重新

He deleted all his files by mistake and now he has to begin his work anew.
他不小心误删了所有文
件，因此现在他不得不重新开始工作。


permanent
a.
continuing to exist for a long time or for all the time in the future
长久的；永久的；永恒的

Children with severe and permanent learning difficulties should have the right to attend school, too.
有重度的永久性学习障碍的孩子也应该享有上学的权利。


owing to
prep.
(fml.) because of sth.
因为；由于

Owing to the recent bad weather, the construction work is several weeks behind schedule.
由于最
近天气不好，施工进度已经比计划滞后了几个星期。


erode
v.
1 gradually reduce the strength or importance of sth. or be gradually reduced in this way
（逐步）

削弱，损害

Confusion and suspicion will erode the competitiveness of the organization.
混乱和猜疑会削弱这个
组织的竞争力。

2 gradually damage the surface of rock or land so that it begins to disappear, or be
gradually
damaged in this way
侵蚀；腐蚀

Rain, humidity, and all kinds of liquids will erode electric wires.
雨水、湿气和各种液体都会腐蚀电
线。


characteristic
a.
very typical of a particular thing or of sb.
’
s character
典型的；独特的

A characteristic feature of Suzhou is its beautiful gardens.
苏州的一大特色就是其美丽的园林。

n.
[C, usu. pl.] a quality or feature of sth. or sb. that is typical of them and easy to recognize
特征；特
性；特色

In the future parents may be able to choose their Children
’
s physical characteristics.
将来父母也许
可以选择自己孩子的外表特征。


intensive
a.
involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time
加强的；密集的

Intensive care in hospitals is given to the seriously ill.
医院对危重病人进行特别护理。

There is now intense competition between schools to attract students.
现在学校之间为了招揽生源
展开了激烈竞争。


recreation
n.
[C, U] an activity that you do for pleasure or amusement
娱乐；消遣

They usually set aside Saturday afternoons for recreation and leisure.
他们通常专门安排周六下午
来进行娱乐休闲活动。


surplus
a.

7
more than what is needed or used
过剩的；剩余的；多余的
Surplus money can be invested.
可以把多余的钱用来投资。
n.
[C, U] an amount of sth. that is more than what is needed or used
剩余；过剩；剩余额；多余的量

As the number of students has been decreasing in recent years, this area suffers from a surplus
of
teachers.
由于近年来学生人数逐渐减少，这一地区面临着教师过剩的问题。


accustomed
a.
(be ~ to doing sth.) being familiar with sth. and accepting it as normal
习惯于做某事

She called her parents just to tell them that she had become accustomed to life at university.
她打
电话给父母就是要告诉他们，她已经适应了大学生活。


depress
vt.
1 (fml.) make sth. such as a price or value go down
降低；减少

The central bank tried to depress the value of its currency on the foreign exchange market.
央行试
图贬低其货币在外汇市场上的价值。

2 make sb. feel very unhappy
使沮丧；使忧愁；使抑郁

The thought of taking the exam again depressed him.
想到要补考，他心情沮丧。


convention
n.
[C, U] behavior and attitudes that most people in a society consider to be normal and right
习俗；

惯例；常规

Wearing a coat and tie is an accepted convention on such an occasion.
这种场合穿西装、系领带
是公认的惯例。


controversial
a.
causing a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being
discussed
引起争论的；有争议的

The treatment is controversial because it may have serious side effects.
这种治疗方法是有争议
的，因为它可能引发严重的副作用。


conventional
a.
(usu. before noun) of the usual, traditional, or accepted type, instead of being new and different
常
例的；因袭的；传统的

I found him very conventional as an artist; he
’
s not willing to try anything new.
我觉得他作为一名艺
术家太保守；他不愿意尝试任何新的事物。


formative
a.
(~ years/period/stages, etc.) the period when sb.
’
s character develops
个性形成时期
/
阶段等
Parents and our educational institutions play a vital role during the formative years of our young.
家长和我们的教育机构在年轻人的个性形成时期起着关键的作用。


abandon
vt.
1 stop having a particular idea, belief, or attitude
放弃（信念、信仰或看法）

Rescuers had abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors.
营救人员对于找到更多的生还者
已不抱任何希望。


8
2 leave sb. when you should stay with them and look after them
抛弃；遗弃

Mary told me that her parents had abandoned her when she was three.
玛丽告诉我，她父母在她
三岁时就抛弃了她。


appealing
a.
attractive or interesting
有吸引力的；有趣的

The idea of a whole week on the beach is very appealing.
在海滩上度过整整一个星期，这个主意
很吸引人。


myth

n. [C, U]
1 an idea or story that many people believe, but which is not true
（许多人相信的）错误观念，荒
诞说法

The myth that the earth was flat was dictated for many years before Columbus.
在哥伦布（发现新
大陆）之前，人们长期被灌输地球是平的这一错误观念。

One of the popular dieting myths is that low- fat diets are good for you.
一个常见的饮食误区是认为
低脂食品有利健康。

2 an ancient story, esp. one invented in order to explain natural or historical events
（古代的）神
话

In Greek myth, Athena was the goddess of wisdom, warfare, and crafts.
在希腊神话中，雅典娜是
主智慧、战争和技艺的女神。


resolve
vt.
1 (fml.) make a definite decision to do sth.
下决心，决意（做某事）

I resolve to send application letters and make phone calls to 25 companies by September.
我决心
在九月份之前给

25
家公司发求职信、打求职电话。

2 find a satisfactory way of dealing with a problem or difficulty
解决（问题、困难）

We must find a way to resolve these problems before it
’
s too late.
我们必须趁还来得及的时候找到
解决这些问题的办法。

n.
[U] (fml.) strong determination to succeed in doing sth.
决心；决意

If we carry out our plan with resolve, we
’
ll achieve our goal sooner or later.
只要我们坚定地执行我
们的计划，我们迟早会实现我们的目标。

Phrases and expressions
interfere with

prevent sth. from succeeding or from happening in the way that was planned
妨碍；阻止

Problems with the teeth or gums can interfere with eating well.
牙齿或牙龈有问题会妨碍正常进
食。


cut class

(AmE) (infml.) deliberately not go to a class that you should go
逃课

Mike had planned to invite Carolyn to dinner, but Carolyn cut class that day.
迈克原打算请卡罗琳
吃饭
,
但是卡罗琳那天正好逃课了。


on the other hand

(also on the one hand ... ~) used to give another opinion or fact that should be considered as well
as the one you
have just given
另一方面
…
；从一方面来说
…
，从另一方面来说
…


9