体育馆英语中国石油职称英语考试通用教材

2021年1月20日发(作者：实施)
1. President Hu Urges Efforts to Ensure Global Energy Security.
（
胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协
同努力保障全球能源安全）



1.
The
international
community
should
take
joint
efforts
to
ensure
global
energy
security,
Chinese President Hu Jintao said in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17.



2.

ensure
global
energy
security,
we
need
to
develop
and
implement
a
new
energy
security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified forms of development
and common energy security through coordination,
session of the G8 summit.



3. While global energy security is crucial to the economic growth and people's livelihood of
all countries, the world peace and stability, and common development,
energy security without joining in international cooperation,



4. In this regard, efforts should be made in the following three priority areas, Hu said.



5.
First,
cooperation
should
be
enhanced
for
mutual
benefit
in
energy
development
and
utilization.



6.
between energy exporters and consumers and among major energy consumers,



7.
He
urged
the
international
community
to
strengthen
policy
coordination
and
improve
mechanisms
for
monitoring
the
international
energy
market
and
responding
to
energy
emergencies.




8. Second, a system for R&D and extension of advanced energy technologies needs to be put
in place, Hu said.

9. International cooperation should be promoted in R&D of key technologies in renewable
energies,
hydrogen
power,
nuclear
power
and
other
energy
resources,
and
energy-saving
technology should also be promoted, he said.

10. Third, efforts should be made to maintain a sound political climate favorable to energy
security and stability, Hu said.




11.
the Middle East in particular,
countries willfully resort to force in tackling energy issues.



12. Hu also explained China's energy strategy that can be summarized as follows: Give high
priority to conservation, rely mainly on domestic supply, develop diverse energy resources, protect
the environment, step up international cooperation of mutual benefit and ensure the stable supply
of economical and clean energies.

13. Hu pledged that China, as a major energy consumer and producer,
of
the
international
energy
market
and
strengthen
win-win
cooperation
with
other
energy
producers and consumers on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to jointly safeguard global
energy security.

1
、中国国家主席胡锦涛七月十七日在俄罗斯圣彼得堡发表讲话说，国际社会应该共同
努力，保障全球能 源安全。

2
、
在八国集团同发展中国家领导人对话会议上，
胡主席 在讲话稿中谈到：
“
为保障全球
能源安全，我们应该树立和落实互利合作、多元发展、 协同保障的新能源安全观。
”

3
、胡锦涛主席强调，全球能源安全，关系各 国的经济命脉和民生大计，对维护世界和
平稳定、
促进各国共同发展至关重要。
绝大多 数国家都不可能离开国际合作而获得能源安全
保障。

4
、胡主席说，具体而言，应该着重在以下三方面进行努力。

5
、一是要加强能源开发利用的互利合作。

6
、他说：
“
实现全球能源安全，必须加强能源出口国和消费国之间、能源消费大国之间
的对话和合作。”




7
、他敦促国际社会应该加强政策协调，完善国际能源市场监测和应急机制。

8
、二是要形成先进能源技术的研发推广体系。

9
、国际社会应当 加强在一些关键技术方面研发的合作。如：可再生能源、氢能源、核
能源以及其他一些能源。应该加强节 能技术研发和推广。

10
、三是要维持能源安全稳定的良好政治环境。
< br>11
、
“
我们应该携手努力，共同维护产油国家和地区，尤其是中东地区的稳定 。
”
胡主席
说，
“
能源问题不应该政治化。应该通过对话和协商解决 分歧和矛盾，处理能源问题不能任
意诉诸武力。
”

12
、胡主席阐 述了中国的能源战略，其基本内容是：坚持节约优先、立足国内、多元
发展、保护环境，加强国际互利合 作，努力构筑稳定、经济、清洁的能源供应体系。



13
、胡主 席强调，中国是能源消费大国，也是能源生产大国。
“
我们将合理利用国际能
源市场，
在平等互惠、
互利双赢的原则下加强同各能源生产国和消费国的合作，
共同维护全球能源安全。
”



2. How to Learn with Success.
（如何学有成效）



1. To learn with success is not a very difficult task if some fundamental principles are laid
down. While discussing this subject, I'd like to mention four indispensable principles: diligence,
devotion, constancy, and punctuality.



2. All things can be conquered by diligence. It makes the foolish wise, the poor rich, and the
humble noble. It produces a wonderful effect. In learning, the work of a diligent fool doubles that
of a lazy wit.



3.
Devotion
means
to
set
our
heart
on
one
thing
at
a
time
and
give
up
all
other
thoughts.
Never think of learning another subject while studying one subject. Those who often change their
studies will never succeed in the long run. Therefore, in order to be successful we need devotion.



4.
Constancy
makes
success
a
certainty.
On
the
other
hand,
inconstancy
often
results
in
failure. If we study day after day, there is nothing that cannot be achieved. We should remember a
worthy proverb

5. Besides, there is another rule that contributes to one's accomplishments, that is, punctuality.
The habit of keeping regular hours is of extreme importance to successful learning. Work while
you work; play while you play. Every man will certainly become strong and wise if he does so.

1
、如果定下几条基本的行为准则，学有成效并非难事。在讨论这个问题时 ，我想提到
4
条必不可少的学习准则：勤奋用功、专心致志、持之以恒、讲究准时。

2
、勤奋可以征服一切。勤奋可以使愚人变聪明，使穷人成为富人，使卑贱者成为高贵
者。
勤奋产生神奇的效果。
在学习上，
一个以勤补拙的人的实效会成倍于一个懒惰的聪 明人。

3
、专心致志指一次全神贯注于一件事，摒除一切杂念。在学习某一科目时， 千万别想
起另一门学科的学习。
那些时常改变学习内容的人终究将一事无成。
因此，< br>为了成功需要专
心专意学习。

4
、持之以恒是成功的保证。反之，缺 乏恒心常常导致失败。如果我们日复一日地坚持
学习，就没有达不到的目的。我们应记住
—一条有价值的谚语
“
水滴石穿
”
。


5
、此外，还有一条帮助人们取得成就的规则，即准时。养成按时的习惯对于卓有成效
的学 习极为重要。
工作时工作，
游戏时游戏。
如果这样做了，
每个人都会变得既强 健又聪明。






3. We Need Friends (
我们需要朋友
)


1. The word, friend, covers a wide range of meanings. It can be a nodding acquaintance, a
comrade, a confidant, a partner, a playmate, an intimate colleague, etc.



2. Everyone needs friendship. No one can sail the ocean of life single-handed. We need help
from, and also give help to, others. In modern society, people attach more importance to relations
and connections. A man of charisma has many friends. His power lies in his ability to give.



3.
As
life
is
full
of
strife
and
conflict,
we
need
friends
to
support
and
help
us
out
of
difficulties. Our friends give us warnings against danger. Our friends offer us advice with regard to
how do deal with various situations. True friends share not only our joys but also our sorrows.



4.
With
friendship,
life
is
happy
and
harmonious.
Without
friendship,
life
is
sad
and
unfortunate. I have friends in high positions and friends in the rank and file. Some are rich and in
power. Some are relatively poor and without power. Some are like myself, working as a teacher,
reading and writing, content with a simple life. We all care for each other, love and help each other.
We feel we are happiest when we chat and exchange ideas with one another. With my friends, I
know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share.

5. I will never forget my old friends, and I'll keep making new friends. I will not be cold and
indifferent to my poor friends, and I will show concern for them, even if it is only a comforting
word..
1
、
“
朋友
”
这个词的意义很广。朋友可以是点头之交、同志、知已、伙伴、玩伴、亲密的同事等。

2
、人人都需要友谊，没有人能独自在人生的海洋中航行。我们给人 以帮助，也需要别
人的帮助。
在现代社会，
人们更重视关系和联系。
一个有非 凡魅力的人有许多朋友，他的力
量在于他的奉献能力。

3
、生活充满矛盾和 斗争，我们需要朋友的支持，以帮助我们摆脱困境。朋友提醒我们
警惕险滩。
朋友主动给我们以 忠告，
告诉我们如何应付各种不同的局势。
真正的朋友与我们
同甘共苦。
< br>4
、有了友谊，生活幸福、和谐；没有友谊，生活变得悲伤、不幸。我有地位高的朋友，
也有地位低的朋友；有的有钱有权，有的较穷且无权无势。有的和我一样教书，读读写写，
满足于简朴的 生活。
我们都互相关心，互相爱护，
互相帮助。
我们觉得朋友们在一起闲谈交
流思想时感到最开心。对我的朋友们，我知道该珍惜什么，容忍什么，分享什么。



5
、我决不会忘记老朋友，同时继续结交新朋友。我对穷朋友绝不冷漠，
而是关心他们 ，
哪怕只是一句安慰的话。



4. Hard Work Is Good for Health (
努力工作有利于健康
)


1.
Scientists
find
that
hard- working
prestigious
people
live
longer
than
average
men
and
women, and that career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are
in
poorer
health
than
the
job-holders.
An
investigation shows
that
whenever
the unemployment
rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one
point: work is helpful to health.



2. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness
and
solitude.
Researches
show
that
people
feel
unhappy,
worried
and
solitary
when
they
have
nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Many high achievers who love their
careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as a bridge between
man and reality. Through work, people come into contact with each other. And through collective
activity, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the
loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him liable to disease.



3. Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes
one
feel
his
value
and
status
in
society.
When
a
writer
finishes
his
writing
when
a
doctor
successfully
operates
on
a
patient,
and
when
a
teacher
sees
his
students
grow,
they
are
happy
beyond words.

4. From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and
healthier you will be. Let us work hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life.

1
、科学家们 发现努力工作的名人比一般人寿命长，职业妇女比家庭妇女健康。有证据
表明，失业者比在业人员健康状 况差。调查表明失业率每增长
1
％，死亡率相应增长
2
％。
所有这些 都表明：工作有利于健康。

2
、
为什么工作对健康有好处
?
因为工作使人忙碌，
让人不会感到寂寞、
孤独。
研究表明，
人们无事可做时 会感到不愉快、忧虑、孤独。相反，忙于工作的人感到最愉快。许多热爱事
业、
卓有成就的人感 到在努力工作时最幸福。
工作起到人与现实之间的桥梁作用：
通过工作，
人们彼此接触 ；
通过集体活动，
人们得到友谊和温暖。这有利于健康。
失去工作就是失去一
切，它影响人的精神，使人容易患病。

3
、此外，工作给人以充实感和成就感。工作 使人感到自身价值和社会地位。当作家写
完书，医生成功地给病人做完手术，教师看到学生的成长，他们 的幸福溢于言表。

4
、由此我们可以得出结论：工作越多越幸福，也越健康。让我们 努力工作，好好学习，
过幸福健康的生活。



5. Sports and Games(
体育运动
)


1. What fun it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in a river in summer! How joyful and
relaxing it is to have a game of table tennis after a day of study at school! And how exciting it is to
play or watch a close game of basketball or volleyball! All over the world millions of people take
part in different kinds of sports. Sports are perhaps the most popular form of relaxation that almost
all can enjoy, whether boys or girls, men or women, young or old.



2. Some people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things that people do at
times when they are not working, instead of going to the cinema, watching TV
, listening to the
radio, or sleeping. But in fact sports and games can be of great value, especially to people who
work with their brains. They should not be treated only as amusements.



3. Sports and games build our bodies, prevent us from gaining weights, and keep us healthy.
But these are not their only uses. They give us
valuable practice in helping the eyes, brain and
muscles
to
work
together.
In
table
tennis,
the
eyes
see
the
ball
coming,
judge
its
speed
and
direction, and pass this information on to the brain. The brain then has to decide what to do, and
sends its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs, and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back
where the player wants it to go. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who
have had a lot of practice at table tennis can do this successfully. For those who work with their
brains, the practice of such skills is especially useful.

4.
Sports
and
games
are
also
very
useful
for
character-training.
In
their
lessons
at
school,
boys and girls may learn about such virtues as selflessness, courage, discipline and love of one's
country, but what is learned in books cannot have the same deep effect on a child's character as
what
is
learned
through
experience. The
ordinary
school
cannot
give
much
practical
training
in
living,
because
most
of
the
students'
time
is
spent
in
classes,
studying
lessons.
So
what
the
students do in their spare time is of great importance. If each of them learns to go all out for his
team and not for himself on the sports field, he wilt later find it natural to work for the good of
society and for the good of his country.
1
、
夏天跳进池塘或 到江河里游泳多么有趣
!
一天的学习之后打一场乒乓球赛多么令人轻
松愉快
!
参加或观看一场势均力敌的篮球赛或排球赛多么令人兴奋
!
全世界千百万人们参加各种各样的运动。
体育运动大概是几乎所有人都喜爱的最普遍的令人松弛的娱乐形式，
男女
老少都很喜欢体育运动。

2
、有些人似乎认为体育活动不是什么重要的事情 ，只是人们在不工作的时候，不看电
影，不看电视，不听广播，不睡觉时才去参加的活动。其实，体育运 动很有价值，特别是对
脑力劳动者大有好处。体育运动不应仅仅被当作娱乐活动来对待。
3
、体育运动增强体质，防止我们发胖，使我们保持身体健康。但体育运动的作用不仅
仅限 于这些方面。体育运动给我们的眼睛、大脑和肌肉以宝贵的锻炼，促使它们协同工作。
打乒乓球时，眼睛 看到球打过来，判断其速度和方向，马上将这个信息传给大脑。
接着大脑
得决定怎么办，
并立即将其命令传达给手臂、
腿等人体部分的肌肉，
结果球被击回到运动员
希望它着 落的地方。
整个行动必须以最快的速度发生，
只有那些训练有素的人才能成功地完
成。 对那些脑力劳动者来说，这样的技能实践特别管用，尤其有益。



4、体育运动对性格的培养也很有益处。男孩女孩们在课堂上也许对不自私自利、富有
勇气、
遵守纪律、
热爱祖国这样的美德有所了解，
但是从书本上学到的东西不可能像通过亲
身 体验了解到的东西一样对孩子的品质产生深刻的影响。
普通的学校不可能在生活方面给孩
子们很 多实用的培养，因为他们的大部分时间用于上课，
花在学习功课上。
所以，
学生们在< br>课余时间所做的事非常重要。
如果每个学生在球场上学会了为自己的球队而不是为他自己竭
尽全力，那么他以后会感到为社会的利益、为祖国的利益而工作是理所当然的了。


6. How Americans View Love(
美国人的爱情观
)


1.
An
old
song
says
that

makes
the
world
go
around.
If
you
watch
Americans
on
Valentine's
Day,
you
can
believe
it.
The
whole
country
breaks
out
with
little
red
hearts.
Love-struck people give cards, flowers and candy to their sweethearts. You might call it an annual
celebration of love.



2.
The
American
concept
of
love
and
romance
begins
with
dating.
Young
people
date
in
several ways. At first they might have group dates with several boys and girls together. Later, they
start going on single dates
—
just one boy and one girl. Sometimes a boy and a girl will go to a
movie. Maybe they will go to a party at a friend's house. Or they might go out to eat.



3. When two couple go out together, it's called double dating. A friend might even arrange a
blind date for you with someone you don't know. That doesn't mean you keep your eyes closed the
whole
evening!
You
just
don't
know
who
your
partner
will
be
until
the
time
of
the
date.
If
someone asks you out on any kind of date, and you don't want to go, you may politely say,
thanks.



4. Americans view dating differently from people in other culture. American young people
see a date as a time just to have fun. They don't always have a romantic interest in mind. Someone
may go out with one person this week, and another person the next. After a while, a boy and a girl
may decide they want to go steady. This means they think of each other as boyfriend and girlfriend.
It also means they don't want to date anyone else. Romance is beginning to bloom.

5. Romantic love is very much a part of American culture. Movies, TV shows and books in
America all picture people falling in love. Americans know no romance is perfect, but still they try
to find the ideal person. Actually, love is a pan of every culture, not just American culture. People
all over the world search for happiness in a loving relationship. Maybe love does make the world
go around.
1
、有一首老歌 中唱道
“
爱让世界转动
”
。如果你看到美国人是如何庆祝情人节的，你便会相信这句话。
这一天在美国不论你走到哪里都能看到一颗颗小红心。
坠入爱河中的人向自
己的心上人赠送卡片、鲜花和糖果。你可以将情人节称之为一年一度的爱的庆贺日。

2
、美国人的爱情和浪漫始于约会。年轻人有几种约会方式。最开始，他们可能是好几
个男孩和 女孩都参加的集体约会。
之后，
他们单独出去约会
――
只有一男一女。
有时他们会
去看电影，也可能一起去参加朋友的聚会，或一起出去吃饭。

3
、
如果两对男女一起出去，
这叫做双重约会。
一个朋友还可能为你和陌生人安排一个
“
蒙
眼约会
”
。那并不是说你整个晚上都紧闭双目。只是在约会之前 你并不知道你的约会对象是
谁。如果有人请你出去约会，不管是哪种约会，假若你不想去，你都可以礼貌 地说声
“
不，
谢谢
!”

4
、对于约会，美国人与 别的文化国度的人有不同的看法。美国的年轻人把约会看成是
玩得开心的时间，
并不一定就抱着 浪漫的念头。
有的人可能这星期与一个人出去，
下星期又
与另外一个人出去。
经过一段时间后，
一个男孩和一个女孩可能决定保持稳定的关系。
这意
味着他们把彼此 看成
“
男朋友和女朋友
”
，
这也意味着他们不想与别的人约会。浪漫之花开始
绽放。



5
、浪漫爱情是美国文化的 重要组成部分。美国的电影、电视和书籍都描绘人们如何坠
入爱河。
美国人知道没有哪段爱情是 完美的，
但他们还是努力去寻找自己的意中人。
事实上，
爱不仅仅是美国文化，
而是每种文化的组成部分。
全世界的人们都在爱中寻求幸福。
也许确
实是爱使世界转 动。



7. Our Family Creed
（家族的信条）



1. They are the principles on which my wife and I have tried to bring up our family. They are
the
principles
in
which
my
father
believed
and
by
which
he
governed
his
life.
They
are
the
principles, many of them, which I learned at my mother's knee.



2. They point the way to usefulness and happiness in life, to courage and peace in death.



3. If they mean to you what they mean to me, they may perhaps be helpful also to our sons
for their guidance and inspiration.



4. Let me state them:



5. I believe
in the supreme worth of the individual and in his right to life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.



6. I believe that every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every
possession, a duty.



7. I believe that the law was made for man and not man for the law; that government is the
servant of the people and not their master.



8. I believe in the dignity of labor, whether with head or hand; that the world owes no man a
living but that it owes every man an opportunity to make a living.



9. I believe that thrift is essential to well-ordered living and that economy is a prime requisite
of a sound financial structure, whether in government, business, or personal affairs.



10. I believe that truth and justice are fundamental to an enduring social order.



11. I believe in the sacredness of a promise, that a man's word should be as good as his bond,
that character
—
not wealth or power or position
—
is of supreme worth.



12.
I
believe
that
the
rendering
of
useful
service
is
the
common
duty
of
mankind
and
that
only in the purifying fire of sacrifice is the dross of selfishness consumed and the greatness of the
human soul set free.



13.
I
believe
in
an
all-wise
and
all-loving
God,
named
by
whatever
name,
and
that
the
individual's highest fulfillment, greatest happiness, and widest usefulness are to be found in living
in harmony with his will.


14. I believe that love is the greatest thing in the world; that it alone can overcome hate; that
right can and will triumph over might.



15.
These
are
the
principles,
however
formulated,
for
which
all
good
men
and
women
throughout the world, irrespective of race or creed, education, social position, or occupation, are
standing, and for which many of them are suffering and dying.



16. These are the principles upon which alone a new world recognizing the brotherhood of
man and the fatherhood of God can be established.
1
、这些 是我和我太太在教育子女的时候所尽力倚仗的信条，这些是我父亲所深信并以
之为人生律条的信条，这些 信条中的大部分是我从母亲的膝下秉承而来的。

2
、这些信条告诉人们如何快乐而有 所作为地活着，也告诉人们如何勇敢而安详地面对
死亡。

3
、假如这些信条 于诸位的意义如同它们于我的意义，那么也许它们可以有效地指导和
鼓舞我们的儿女们。

4
、让我说出这些信条：

5
、我相信，个人拥有无上的价值，拥有生存、自由和追求幸福的权利。

6
、我相信，每一项权利都必然包含着责任，每一个机遇都必然包含着义务，每一种获
得都必然包 含着职责。

7
、我相信，法律为人而制，而非人为法律而生，政府是人民的公仆，而 非人民的主人。

8
、我相信，无论体力劳动还是脑力劳动都是高尚的，世界不会让人 不劳而获，而会给
人
—
次谋生的机会。

9
、我相信，无论 在政府、商业还是个人事务中，勤俭节约都是合理安排生活之基本要
素，而经济适用是健全的金融机制之 必需。

10
、我相信，真理和正义是任何一个长治久安的社会秩序之基础。

11
、我相信，承诺是神圣的；我也相信，假如人的言语能和契约同样可靠，那么这种品
质
—
而非财富、权势与身份地位
——
就具有至高无上的价值。
< br>12
、我相信，人类共同的职责是有用地服务社会，
只有在自我牺牲的炼火中，自私的沉
渣才会被焚为灰烬，人类灵魂中的伟大情操才会显现。



13
、
我相信，
有一位无所不知、
大慈大悲的上帝存在
——尽管人们对他的称呼各不相同
——
人们能在与他的意志相和谐的生活过程中得到最高的满足 感、
最大的幸福感，
以及最广
博的成就感。




14
、我相信，世界上最伟大的事物就是爱，只有爱能够战胜仇恨，
而真理能够而且必 定
能击败强权。

15
、无论怎样表达，以上就是那些信条
—
世界上所有不计种族、信仰、宗教、地位或职
业的善良的人们所代表的信条
——
而且 正是为了这些信条，
他们中许多人正在忍受折磨，
甚
至正在死去。

16
、只有凭借这些信条，人类才能建立起人人如手足、上帝如慈父的新世界。



8. America's Luckiest Stamp Find
（美国最幸运的邮票的发现）



1.
The
first
United
States
airmail
stamp
has
had
an
interesting
story.
Printed
in
1918,
this
24-cent stamp with a blue plane inside a rose border became the center of much attention. One
hundred
of
the
stamps
sold to
the
public
became
known
as

for
the
plane
was
printed
upside down. Some of these


2. The story of these stamps began on May 14, 1918, the day after they were placed on sale.
In Washington, D.C.,

a man interested in stamps, decided to buy a sheet of the new stamps and
so went to the New York Avenue branch post office in Washington. When the clerk handed him a
sheet of the stamps, Robey noted that they were poorly centered. He looked at other sheets and
found that none was well centered. The clerk asked Robey to return later in the day when more
stamps were expected.


3. About noon Robey came back, and the same clerk was on duty. He reached for the new
sheets and handed one to Robey. The collector's heart stood still as he saw that the sheet, which
had been offered him, had inverted centers.


4. Excited by his find, obey shopped other branch post offices for more sheets with inverted
centers but found none. Then he told his friends of his discovery, and they, too, looked in the city's
post offices-also in vain.


5. Not being a rich man, obey decided to cash in on his good fortune. He turned down the
first offer of $$500 from a Washington stamp shop owner and took the sheet to New York. There he
planned to show it to a collector, Colonel

as well as to stamp dealers.


6. Colonel Green was out of the city, and no one else wanted to bid on the sheet for fear that
Robey's might not be the only upside-down sheet. As the news of his find spread, many people
said that other such sheets had been found. These stories proved to be false.


7. Robey left New York without having made a sale, and stopped in Philadelphia on the way
home. There, dealer Eugene Klein arranged to buy the sheet for $$15,000, and finally did buy it.
Within a few days, Klein sold the sheet to Colonel Green, the same collector whom Robey had
failed to contact in Texas at the time, and that Klein phoned him there and sold him the sheet, sight
unseen,
for
$$20,000!
Robey's
sheet
had
cost
him
$$24,
and
his
profit
was
$$14,976
while
Klein
gained $$5,000.
8. Of the 100 stamps first bought by Mr. obey, stamp collectors are now able to account for
90. What has happened to the others is not known. When a copy is offered for sale, it is a major
event in the stamp world. A single such stamp has been sold for as much as $$6,500. Few people
have ever even seen a copy. Yet no matter how much this valuable stamp is bought and sold, no
owner can match the thrill that

had on that day in 1918 when he made America's luckiest stamp
find!


1
、关于美国的 第一枚航空邮票有一个有趣的故事。这枚面值为
24
美分的邮票印刷于
1918
年，玫瑰花边的中间有一架蓝色的飞机，成为人们关注的中心。因为蓝色的飞机被印
颠倒了，仅仅有一 百枚这种
“
倒转
”
邮票卖给公众。现在，有些这种
“
倒转< br>”
航空邮票价值超过
6000
美元。

2
、关于这些 邮票的故事发生在
1918
年
5
月
14
日，该日是它们开始 销售的第二天。在
首都华盛顿，一个集邮爱好者，
罗比，决定去买一整版新邮票，于是他来到华 盛顿市纽约大
街的邮政支局。当职员递给他一版新邮票时，罗比看到它们（印刷）的中心位置很差。他看
了其它几版，
没有一个摆正中心位置。
职员告诉罗比当天晚些时候来退换，
估 计那时有更多
邮票到货。




3
、
罗 比大约中午时候回来时，
还是那个职员值班。
他伸手够到新货取出一版递给罗比。
当这 个集邮者看到邮票时他的心跳刹那间停顿了，给他的这版邮票有一个倒转的中心。




4
、罗比被他的发现振奋，他到其它邮政支局去寻购更多张
“
倒转
”
邮票，
但是毫无结果。
之后，
他告诉他的朋友们他的这个发现，< br>他们如他一样，
找遍了全城的邮政支局，
同样徒劳
无功。


5
、
罗比不是富人，
他决定把他的好运气换成钱。
他拒绝了一个华盛 顿集邮商店老板
500
美元的第一个报价，带着邮票去纽约。他计划把
“
倒转
”
邮票拿给一个名叫
COLONEL
的集
邮者和一些邮票商看。

6
、
COLONEL
先生不在纽约，而没有其他任何人想报 价，他们害怕罗比的邮票不是唯
一的
“
倒转
”
邮票。当罗比的邮票发 现的消息扩散开后，很多人声称找到了其它这样的邮票。
很快证实那些话都不真实。




7
、
罗比没有卖出邮票离开纽约，
回家的路上他停脚费 城。
在那儿，
邮票商克林安排
15000
美元收购全版
“
倒 转票
”
，最终成交。几天之内，克林转手全版
“
倒转票
”
给
COLONEL
先生，
就是在德州与罗比失之交臂的那个邮票商，而当克林打电话给德 州的
COLONEL
先生，卖
给他全版
“
倒转票
”
时，他看都没看，出价
20000
美元！罗比付出
24
美元买全版
“
倒转票
”
，
他的利润是
14976
美元，而克林先生赚了< br>5000
美元。



8
、
罗比先生最先购 买到的
100
枚邮票中，
现在集邮者们能统计出的仅有
90
枚。没有人
知道另外一些邮票的下落和故事。今天，
一个
“
倒转票
”
的拷贝出售都是集邮界的大事。仅仅
单枚这样的邮票曾经卖到
6500
美元。 甚至是复制品也几乎没有人看到过。不论这种价值极
高的邮票卖多少钱、买多少钱，没有一个所有者的兴 奋可与罗比在
1918
年发现最幸运的美
国邮票那天的兴奋相比！



9. That
我生命中的
“
另一个女人
”)



1. After 22 years of marriage, I've discovered the secret to keeping love and intimacy alive in
my relationship with my wife, Peggy: I started dating another woman.



2.
The

woman
my
wife
was
encouraging
me
to
date
is
my
mother,
a
72-year-old
widow who has lived alone since my father died 20 years ago. Right after his death, I moved 2500
miles
away
to
California
and
started
my
own
family
and
career.
When
I
moved
back
near
my
hometown six years ago, I promised myself that I would spend more time with Mom. But with the
demands
of
my
job
and
three
kids,
I
never
got
around
to
seeing
her
much
beyond
family
get- togethers and holidays.



3. She was surprised and suspicious, then, when I called and suggested the two of us go out
to dinner and a movie.
signals bad news.
of us.



4. As I drove to her house, I actually had a case of predate jitters ! What would we talk about?
What if she didn't like the restaurant I chose?



5. When I pulled into her driveway, she was waiting by the door with her coat on. Her hair
was curled, and she was smiling.
were all impressed,



6. We didn't go anywhere fancy, just a neighborhood place where we could talk. My mother
clutched my arm, half out of affection and half to help her negotiate the restaurant steps. Since her
eyes
now
see
only
large
shapes
and
shadows,
I
had
to
read
the
menu
for
both
of
us.
Halfway
through reciting the entrees, I glanced up and saw Mom looking at me, a wistful smile on her lips.

From
caregiver
to
cared-for,
from
cared-for
to
caregiver,
our
relationship
had
come
full
circle.

Nothing earth-shattering, just catching up with each other's lives. We talked for so long that we
missed the movie. I 'll go out with you again,
you let me buy dinner next time.


7.
thought it would be,


8. Mom and I go out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we take in a movie,
but mostly we talk. I tell her about my trials at work and brag about the kids and Peggy. Mom fills
me in on family gossip and tells me about her past. Now I know what it was like for her to work in
a
factory
during
World
War
II.
I
know
how
she
met
my
father
there,
and
how
they
nurtured
a
trolley-car
courtship
through
those
difficult
times.
I
can't
get
enough
of
these
stories.
They
are
important to me, a part of my history. We also talk about the future. Because of health problems,
my mother worries about the days ahead.
to be there while my grandchildren grow up. I don't want to miss any of it.



9. I tend to fill my calendar to the brim as I struggle to fit family, career and friendships into
my life. I often complain about how quickly time flies. Spending time with my mom has taught
me the importance of slowing down.



1
、
经历
22
年的婚 姻，
我发现如何同妻子佩吉保持爱恋和亲密关系的秘密：
去约会另一
个女人。

2
、我妻子鼓励我去约会的
“
另一个女人
”
就是我的母亲， 一位
72
岁的寡妇。
20
年前父
亲去世后，她一直独居至今。就在父 亲去世后，我搬到了
2500
英里以外的加利福尼亚，成
家立业。
6
年前我迁回到靠近老家的地方，那时，我曾承诺要花些时间同妈妈在一起。但是
由于需要兼顾我的工作和
3
个孩子，除家庭聚会和节假日外，我很少抽时间去看望她。




3
、我打电话给母亲，建议我们俩外出一起吃饭、看电影，她感到惊讶和疑惑。“
出什么
事了吗
?”
她问，妈妈把任何不寻常的信号都当成是坏消息。< br>“
我想跟您共度一段时光会很愉
快的。
”
我说。
“
就 我们俩。
”“
那太好了，
”
她答道。

4
、
我开车驶往母亲住所，
竟感到约会前的紧张不安。
我们将谈些什么呢
?
如果 她不喜欢
我选的餐馆怎么办
?



5
、我的车 驶进母亲家门前的车道时，她已穿好外套等在门口了。她的头发卷好了，面
带笑容。
“
我告诉我的女伴们，说我要和儿子一道外出，她们都深受感动，
”
母亲边说边上了
我的 车。
“
她们急着想知道我们怎样度过今天晚上。
”




6
、我们没有去高档的餐馆，只在附近找了一个便于说话的地方。我的母亲紧挽着我 的
胳膊，
既是出于对我的慈爱，
也是为了自己能扶着我走上餐馆的台阶。
由于 她现在的视力只
能看到大致的形状和模糊的影子，
我得为我俩读菜单。
我念到一半时，
抬头瞥见母亲正看着
我，嘴角泛着若有所思的微笑。
“
你小时候我常念菜单给 你听，
”
她说。我明白她的意思。她
已从关爱者变为受照顾者，我则从受照顾者变为关 爱者，我们的关系倒了个个儿。
“
现在你
该轻松轻松了，让我来照顾你。
”< br>我说。我们边吃边谈，谈得很好。没有谈什么大事，只是
交谈些彼此的生活情况。我们谈了很长时 间，以致没赶上看电影。
“
我还想跟你一起外出。
”
我送母亲回去，下车时她 说，
“
不过，下次你得让我请客。
”
我答应了。



7
、
“
你的约会怎么样
?”
那天晚上回家时，妻 子问我。
“
不错
……
，比我想的还要好，
”
我
说。 她笑了，一副早就料到的样子。


8
、从此我和妈妈每个月都要外出共进几 次晚餐。有时我们也看电影，但大部分时间都
是交谈。
我跟她讲工作中的烦恼，
也向她 夸耀佩吉和孩子们。
母亲跟我谈了许多家长里短的
事，
也对我讲了她过去的经历。现在我知道了她二战期间在一家工厂里做工的情况，
并知道
她在那里如何同父亲相识的。< br>在那困难的日子里，
他们在有轨电车上培育了一段恋爱史。
我
对这些故事百听不 厌。它们对我很重要，
是我历史的一部分。
我们也谈论未来。由于健康方
面的原因，母 亲担心着今后的日子。
“
我要做的事儿多着呢，
”
有一次她对我说。
“
我要看着
孙子、孙女们长大成人。我可什么都不想错过。


< br>9
、忙于应付家庭生活、事业和朋友关系等种种事情，我的日程表总是排得满满的。我
经 常抱怨时光飞逝。与母亲共度时光，使我懂得了放慢生活节奏的重要。




First Jet(
第一架喷气机
)



was just noon on that 25th day of April 1945. I had gone through my first minutes of combat.
The 456th Bomber Group, based in Italy, had gone into Austria. They had hit the railroad yards at
Linz along the Danube River.



job
was
to
drop
chaff.
They
were
the
little
bundles
of
tin
that
confused
enemy
radar.
Through the 3-inch-square chaff chute, I could see the enemy shells exploding just below us.



after
floor of the airplane. It was about a yard from the engineer's feet.


4.


5.


6.
the control cables-went out through the top.



more talk. It was over. But it left a shaky feeling. We knew that the war was almost over. A
guy's chances of getting home were good.



of us was thinking the same thing. If that shell had hit us half a second sooner, it might have
hit the pilot. Three inches to the left and it would have cut some cables. A tiny instant later, and it
would have hit one of us.



bomb run ended. The bomb bay doors slid shut. Suddenly we were in the clear open sky.



let ourselves feel a bit safer now. We had the three-hour flight home. It was across part of
Yugoslavia. Then came the voice of our nose gunner.


11.


12.


13.
ours,
came
the
answer,
forward.

saw
anything
like
it.
it's
closing
in
now..fast..fast..never saw anything so fast.


14.
-one of those new Me 262's!


15.



one of their new jets hits you, just start shooting and hope that you hit him. You won't get a
chance to aim. That’s what we had been told. The enemy had a fighter so fast we couldn't even
hold a sight on it. It was something we had never heard of. Something they called a



now the jet came at us! Our nose turret turned wildly to follow it. The electric motors of the
turret hummed. The gunner tried to bring his guns around.



over the other waist gunner's shoulder, I saw the enemy jet. Saw its shining green nose and
its high rudder. It knifed through the spring air toward our plane.



seconds the jet's cannon would fire. In seconds it would all be over. Our bomber would fold.
It would streak down to smash in the mountains below.



seconds..Then
I
noticed
that
it
had
not
yet
fired
a
single
shot.
All
of
us
stared.
We
were
ready for the blow. But no one fired!



jet was in range. Its shining nose was on us as it closed in for the kill.



the unbelievable: the enemy jet leveled off. It flashed below us and was gone.


23.




we went back to the business of getting home. I guess most of the crew forgot about that jet
that had us in its sights. But I have never forgotten it.



the German pilot out of ammunition? Did his guns jam at the last second? Or was it more
than that? Was he tired of killing?


'll never be sure. I don't know what held the fire of our own gunners. But the sky changed
from a rain of hate to a blue sky of hope.




1
、事情发生在
1945
年4
月
25
日的中午。我正在执行我的第一次战斗任务。基地在意
大利的第
456
轰炸机组刚刚飞进奥地利。他们要轰炸多瑙河沿岸位于林滋的铁路工厂。
2
、我的工作是抛撒干扰片。它们是锡制的很小的捆，能够干扰敌人的雷达。透过
3
平
方英寸（抛撒）干扰片斜道，我能看到敌人的炮弹就在我们（飞机肚子）底下爆炸。




3
、刚刚执行
“
投弹完毕
”
命令，一下急速的打击使我们的飞机摇晃起来。敌人的一颗炮
弹已经在飞机的地板上撕破一个大洞。它 距离工程师的脚不过一码。




4
、
“
工程师呼叫机长，
”
（耳机中）他的声音说道，
“
我们被击中了。
”




5
、
“
很严重吗？
”




6
、
“
不太严重。它没有击中控制缆，穿过顶棚出去了。
”




7
、没有更多的交谈。这件事过去了。但是它留下令人震撼的 感觉。我们都知道战争几
乎结束了。一个军人战后回家的机会很高。




8
、
我们中的每个人都在想同样的事。
如果那颗炮弹早半秒击中我 们，
它可能击中机长。
只要偏左
3
英寸，它将会割断某些控制缆。稍微迟后瞬 间，它将击中我们中的一个。




9
、一连串的轰炸结束了。弹舱门关上了。刹那间我们冲入晴朗的广阔天空。

10
、
现在我们使自己感到多了一点安全。
我们要用
3
个小时飞回 家。
正在横穿南斯拉夫
某地。这时传来我们的前机枪手的声音。

11
、
“
战斗机。
11
点方向下。逼近得非常快。
”




12
、
“
谁的？
”
有人问。

13
、
“
不是我们的，
”
从前方传来回答，
“
从来没有见过像 这样的东西。现在它正在接近，
太快了，太快了，从来没有见过任何东西这么快。
”

14
、
“
我看到它了！
”
左腰部机枪手说。
“它是架喷气机，是新型
ME262
中的一架！
”

15
、
“
简直不能
‘
盯
’
住它，
”
机枪手说。




16
、我们曾被告知：如果他们的新型喷气机冲向 你，立即扫射，但愿你打中它，你没有
瞄准它的机会。敌人有一种战斗机太快，我们甚至不能
‘
看
’
住它。这是我们从没听说过的东
西，敌人称之为
“
喷气 机
”
。

17
、
现在喷气机冲向我们！
我们的前炮 塔发疯似地旋转着跟随它。
炮塔的电动机嗡嗡叫。
机枪手试图带着他的枪转动。
18
、
从另外一个腰部机枪手的肩上看去，
我看到了敌人的喷气机。
看到 了它的闪亮的绿
色鼻子和高高的方向舵。它刀劈般穿过春天的天空接近我们的飞机。

19
、几秒中内喷气机的大炮将开火，几秒钟内一切将结束。我们的轰炸机将折叠成团。
它将瞬 间下坠粉碎在下面的山上。

20
、几秒钟内
……
突然，
我 注意到它没有发射一发子弹。
我们所有人都凝视着。我们已
经准备着爆炸。但是没有人开火。< br>
21
、喷气机确实在射程以内。它闪亮的鼻子对着我们，似乎它要靠近来进行屠杀。

22
、
这时令人难以置信的事情发生了，
敌人的喷气机与我们的飞机拉成水平 。
它闪向我
们的下面，然后离去。

23
、
“
太近 了！
”
有人说。
“
太近了！
”

24
、< br>之后，
大家重新回到飞回家的事情里。
我猜想机组的大多数人现在已经忘掉那架置
我们于其视距的喷气机。但是，我从来没有忘掉它。

25
、
是德国飞行员 没有弹药？是最后一秒他的机枪卡壳？或者还有更多隐情？或者是他
已经厌倦于杀戮？



26
、我可能永远不会弄清。
我也不知道为什么我们的机枪手没 有开火。
但是天变了，从
一个讨厌的雨天变成我们所希望的蓝天。




Handful of History(
扑克
—
手中的历史
)
1. The next time you do a card trick-
remember this. You’re playing with history. The playing
cards we use today are much like those used for hundreds of years. The most interesting things are
the
suits
and
face
cards.
A

of
a
playing
card
is
not
a
thing
to
be
worn.
It
means
Hearts,
Spades, Diamonds or Clubs. The figures are placed on each card with the number or value of the
card. The face cards are the Jacks, Queens, Kings, and, of course, the Jokers.
2. What do you think the suits stand for? Let's take the Hearts first. When you say that an
athlete has a lot of heart, what do you mean? You mean that he is brave. So, you see, the King of
Hearts is a
3. Look at the design of the Spade on a card. The word
which means “sword”. With a lit
tle imagination, you can see the handle and the blade. Of course,
the blade has been made much shorter on the card.
4. The diamonds and Club designs also have interesting stories. The Diamond design is one
that
you
probably
know
already.
It
stands
for
the
expensive
gems
that
you
and
I
have
seen
in
jewelry stores. At first it stood for the rich traders who found and sold such gems. The Club looks
a little like a three-leaf clover design. Its shape came from a French design with three leaves. It has
the lowest rank of the suits.
5. Now you see how some suits of playing cards have more value or power than others. The
face cards are usually powerful in any card game. The King is one of the strongest. There are four
different
Kings,
and
each
one
stands
for
a
real
person.
The
King
of
Hearts
first
meant
Charlemagne. He lived about 800 years after the birth of Christ. He was one of the most powerful
kings in Europe after Julius Caesar of Rome. Julius Caesar, by the way, is the King of Diamonds.
6. We must go further back in history to find out the names of the two other kings. The young
Alexander the Great of Macedonia is the King of Clubs and King David is the King of Spades.
David is the person who killed the giant Goliath. When someone talks about a David and Goliath,
he means that a smaller, or weaker, person is trying to fight a very large and strong enemy. David
beat Goliath and became a king. He probably never thought that he would have a place in playing
cards.
7.
We
must
go
back
to
the Bible
and
the
times
of
David
again
to
find
two
of
our queens.
Rachel was a famous woman in the Bible. She is the Queen of Diamonds.
8. Remember that the heart stands for bravery. A very brave woman is the Queen of Hearts.
That was Judith, who killed an enemy general.
9.
When
Alexander
the
Great
was
a
general,
one
of
the
important
woman
goddesses
was
Athena. She stood for wisdom. Athena is the Queen of Spades.
10. Queen Elizabeth I of England is thought to be the Queen of Clubs, She ruled England
when America was mostly a wilderness.
11.
The
Jacks
are
sometimes
called
Knaves.
A
Knave
is
usually
a
person
who
gets
into
trouble. But the playing cards stand for famous knights in history. These men made themselves
famous for their courage and bravery, but they were not kings.
12. The Joker of the card deck is the one that doesn't always fit. He is sometimes used as an
extra
card.
He
sometimes
becomes
more
powerful
than
any
other
card.
He
does
not
stand
for
anyone person like some of the other cards. But I think that you can see what his name means.
13. So, you see that you can hold some history in your hands. History from King David to
Queen Elizabeth is all on the front of playing cards.
1
、当你下一次玩扑克的时候，要记住这些。你正在与 历史进行游戏。今天我们用的扑
克，几乎与数百年前的扑克相差无几。最有意思的东西是扑克里的
“
套
”
和
“
脸牌
”
。扑克中的
“
套
”
不是什么可以穿的东西。它意味着红心、黑桃、红方块、或者梅花。牌面的数标志着牌< br>的顺序或价值。带脸的牌是杰克、皇后、国王、当然还有鬼。

2
、你认为“
套
”
代表什么意思？让我们先看红心。当你说一个运动员有很多心，你到底想表达什么意思？你的意思是他很勇敢。因此，你看，红心国王是勇敢之王。

3
、看看牌面上黑桃的设计。英语
“SPADE”
这个字来自意大利语，意思是刀剑。只要有一点想象力，你就能看到柄和刀刃。当然，牌面的刀刃被做的非常短。

4
、红方 块和梅花的设计同样含着很有意思的故事。关于钻石的图案是一个你可能已经
知道的东西。
它代 表你和我都曾在首饰店看见过的珍贵的珍宝。
首先它代表了制作和出卖这
样的珍宝的富有的商人 。
梅花看上去有点像三叶草的图案。
它的形状来自一个法国的三片树
叶的图案。它在套 牌里排序最低。

5
、现在你看到了为什么一套牌的价值或力量大于另外一套牌。在任 何一个扑克游戏里
带脸的牌往往威力更大。国王（
K
）是最强的一个。这里有四个不同 的国王，每一个都代表
着一个真实的人。
首先红心国王代表查理曼大帝，
他生活在耶稣 诞生后
800
年后。
他是罗马
朱利叶斯
·
恺撒之后，欧洲最 强大的国王。顺便说一下，朱利叶斯
·
恺撒是红方块国王。

6
、我 们要想找到其它两个国王的名字，必须退回到更久远的历史里去。梅花国王是大
马其顿王国年轻的亚历山 大，
国王大卫是黑桃国王。
大卫是杀死巨人歌利亚的人。
当某个人
谈到大卫和 歌利亚，
他的意思是一个小个的人，
或弱者正在打败一个非常高大和强壮的敌人。
大卫 战胜了歌利亚成为国王。他可能从来没有想到他会在扑克牌里有一个位置。

7
、我们 必须再次回到圣经（
BIBLE
）和大卫王的时代去找两个王后。拉结是圣经中的
着名 女人。她是红方块王后。

8
、应该还记得心代表勇敢。一个非常勇敢的女人是红心王 后。红心王后是朱迪丝，她
杀死了敌人的一个将军。

9
、当伟大的亚利桑德 拉还是将军时，雅典娜是一个重要的女神。她代表智慧。雅典娜
是黑桃皇后。

10< br>、
英国的伊利沙白一世女王一般认为是梅花王后。
在她统治英国的时代，
美国几 乎还
是一片荒野。

11
、
杰克牌有时被称为无赖。
一个无 赖往往意味着他是一个带来麻烦的人。
但是在扑克
游戏中杰克代表历史上有名的爵士。这些人以 他们的胆量和勇敢成名，但是他们不是国王。

12
、
鬼牌是一张牌脸与其价 值不相适应的牌。
它常常用做一张特别的牌。
有时它被用做
比任何牌更有权利的牌。< br>它不像其它牌脸代表着什么人。
但是，
我认为你能看出它的名字的
含义。



13
、所以，
你看，
你用你的手握住了一些历史，
从大卫王到伊利沙白女王全都在扑克的
正面。



12. An Epoch-making Toast(
划时代的祝酒词
)
Mr. Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening:
1.
On
behalf
of
all
of
your
American
guests,
I
wish
to
thank
you
for
the
incomparable
hospitality
for
which
the
Chinese
people
are
justly
famous
throughout
the
world.
I
particularly
want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who
have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign
land.
2. Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At
this very moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing
what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world. Yet what we say
here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.
3. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a
great people. If our two peoples are enemies, the future of this world we share together is dark
indeed.
But
if
we
can
find
common
ground
to
work
together,
the
chance
for
world
peace
is
immeasurably increased.
4.
In
the
spirit
of
frankness
which
I
hope
will
characterize
our
talks
this
week,
let
us
recognize at the outset these points: We have at times
in the past been enemies.
We have great
differences
today.
What
brings
us
together
is
that
we
have
common
interests
which
transcend
those differences. As we discuss our differences, neither of us will compromise our principles. But
while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk
across it.

5.
So,
let
us,
in
these
next
five
days,
start
a
long
march
together,
not
in
lockstep,
but
on
different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice
in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large of small, has a
right to determine
its own form of government, free of outside interference or domination. The
world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. What is the world? In a
personal sense, I think of my eldest daughter whose birthday is today. As I think of her, I think of
all the children in the world, in Asia, in Africa, in Europe, in the Americas, most of whom were
born since the date of the foundation of the People's Republic of China.

6. What legacy shall we leave our children? Are they destined to die for the hatreds which
have plagued the old world, or are they destined to live because we have the Vision to build a new
world?

7.
There
is
no
reason
for
us
to
be
enemies.
Neither
of
us
seeks
the
territory
of
the
other;
neither of us seeks domination over the other; neither of us seeks to stretch out our hands and rule
the world.

8. Chairman Mao has written,
world rolls on, / Time presses. / Ten thousand years are too long, / Seize the day, seize the hour!
This is the hour. This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness which can
build a new and a better world.

9. In that spirit, I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to Chairman Mao,
to Prime Minister Chou, and to the friendship of the Chinese and American people which can lead
to friendship and peace for all people in the world.
总理先生、今夜在座的诸位贵宾：

1
、我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们 表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟韵盛情款待。
中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。
我不仅要特 别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，
而
且还要赞扬那些给我们演奏这样美好的音乐的人。我在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的
美国音乐。

2
、总理先生，我 要感谢你的非常亲切和雄辩的讲话。就在这个时刻，通过电讯的奇迹，
看到和听到我们讲话的人比在整个 世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。
不过，
我们在这
里讲的话，人们不会长久记住 。我们在这里所做的事却能改变世界。

3
、正如你在祝酒词中讲的那样，中国人民是 伟大的人民，美国人民是伟大的人民。如
果我们两国人民为敌的话，那么我们共同居住的这个世界的前途 就的确是黑暗的了。但是，
如果我们能够找到进行合作的共同点，那么实现世界和平的机会就无可估量地 大大增加了。


4
、我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是坦率的。本着这种坦率 的精神，让我们一开始就认
识到这样几点：
在过去的一些时期我们曾是敌人。
今天我们 有巨大的分歧。
使我们走到一起
的，
是我们有超过这些分歧的共同利益。
我们 在讨论我们的分歧的时候，
我们哪一方都不会
在我们的原则上妥协。
但是，
虽 然我们不能弥合我们之间的鸿沟，
我们却能够设法搭一座桥，
以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。< br>
5
、因此，让我们在今后的五天里在一起开始一次长征吧，不是在一起迈步，而是在不
同的道路上向同一目标前进。
这个目标就是建立一个和平和正义的世界结构：
在这个世 界结
构中，所有的人都可以在一起享有同等的尊严；在这个世界结构中，每个国家，不论大小，
都有权利决定自己的政府形式，
不受外来的干涉或统治。
全世界在注视着。
全世界在倾 听着。
全世界在等待着看我们将做些什么。这个世界是什么呢
?
就个人来讲，我想到我 的大女儿，
因为今天是她的生日。当我想到她的时候，我就想到全世界的儿童，想到亚洲、非洲、欧洲< br>以及美洲的儿童，他们大多数都是在中华人民共和国成立以后出生的。

6
、我 们将给我们的孩子们留下什么遗产呢
?
他们的命运是怀着对旧世界中的苦难的仇恨
而死 亡呢，还是由于我们有缔造一个新世界的远见而活下去呢
?
7
、我们没有理由要成为 敌人。我们哪一方都不企图取得对方的领土，我们哪一方都不
企图统治对方，我们哪一方都不企图伸出手 去统治世界。

8
、毛主席写过：
“
多少事，从来急；天地转，光阴 迫。一万年太久，只争朝夕。
”
现在
就是只争朝夕的时候了，
是我们两国人民 攀登那种可以缔造一个新的、
更美好的世界的伟大
事业的高峰的时候了。

9
、本着这种精神，我请求诸位同我一起举杯，为毛主席，为周总理，为能够导致全世
界所有人民 的友谊与和平的中国人民和美国人民之间的友谊，干杯。



13. The Delight of Books(
书之乐趣
)
1. Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. They contain the history of our
race,
the
discoveries
we
have
made,
the
accumulated
knowledge
and
experience
of
ages;
they
picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature, help us in our difficulties, comfort us in sorrow
and in suffering, change hours of weariness into moments of delight, store our minds with ideas,
fill them with good and happy thoughts, and lift us out of and above ourselves.
2. There is an oriental story of two men: one was a king, who every night dreamt he was a
beggar; the other was a beggar, who every night dreamt he was a prince and lived in a palace. I am
not
sure
that
the
king
had
very
much
the
best
of
it.
Imagination
is
sometimes
more
vivid
than
reality. But, however this may be, when we read we may not only (if we wish it) be kings and live
in palaces, but, what is far better, we may transport ourselves to the mountains or the seashore, and
visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, or expense.
3. Many of those who have had, as we say, all that this world can give, have yet told us they
owed much of their purest happiness to books. Ascham, in
story of his last visit to Lady Jane Grey. He found her sitting in an oriel window reading Plato's
beautiful account of the death of Socrates. Her father and mother were hunting in the park, the
hounds
were
in
full
cry
and
their
voices
came
in
through
the
open
window.
He
expressed
his
surprise that she had not joined them. But, said she,
a shadow to the pleasure I find in Plato.

4. Macaulay had wealth and fame, rank and power, and yet he tells us in his biography that he
owed the happiest hours of his life to books. In a charming letter to a little girl, he says,
you for your very pretty letter, I am always glad to make my little girl happy, and nothing pleases
me so much as to see that she likes books, for when she is as old as I am, she will find that they
are better than all the tarts and cakes, toys and plays, and sights in the world. If any one would
make me the greatest king that ever lived, with palaces and gardens and fine dinners, and wines
and coaches, and beautiful clothes, and hundreds of servants, on condition that I should not read
books, I would not be a king; I would rather be a poor man in a garret with plenty of books than a
king who did not love reading.
5.
Books,
indeed,
endow
us
with
a
whole
enchanted
palace
of
thoughts,
there
is
a
wider
prospect, says Jean Paul Richter, from Parnassus than from a throne. In one way they give us an
even more vivid idea than the actual reality, just as reflections are often more beautiful than real
nature.
look in the glass.

6. Precious and priceless are the blessings which the books scatter around our daily paths. We
walk, in imagination, with the noblest spirits, through the most sublime and enchanting regions.

7. Without stirring from our firesides we may roam to the most remote regions of the earth, or
soar
into
realms
where
Spenser's
shapes
of
unearthly
beauty
flock
to
meet
us,
where
Milton's
angels peal in our ears the choral hymns of Paradise. Science, art, literature, philosophy,
—
all that
man has thought, all that man has done,
—
the experience that has been bought with the sufferings
of a hundred generations,
—
all are garnered up for us in the world of books.

1
、书籍之于全人类，犹如记忆力之于 个人。书籍记录了我们人类的历史，记录了我们
的新发现，
也记录了我们世世代代积累的知识和 经验：
书籍为我们描绘了自然界的奇观和美
景；书籍帮助我们摆脱困境，在我们悲哀困苦的时候 ，给我们以安慰，
在我们烦闷的时刻带
来欢乐，
给我们的头脑装进各种观念，
使我们的脑海充满了美妙高尚的思想，
从而使我们超
越自我，高于自我。

2
、有一个东方的故事，谈到了两个人：其中一个是国王，他每晚梦见自己成为一个乞
丐；另一个 是乞丐，
他每晚梦见自己成了一个王子，住进了王宫。
我不知道国王是否真正成
了乞丐 。想象有时比现实更加生动。然而，不管怎么样，我们读书时，不仅可以成为国王，
住在王宫里，
—
假如我们想成为国王的话，
而且更妙的是，
我们可以神驰群山，
或畅游海 滨，
我们也可遍访世界上最美丽的地方，
而无须经受任何劳顿，
也没有什么不方便，< br>更无须花费
分文。

3
、我们说，许多人拥有这个世界能给予的一切， 然而他们却告诉我们，他们真正的幸
福在很大程度上还是得之于书籍。
阿斯克姆在
《教 师》
一书中生动地叙述了他最后一次去拜
访简
·
格雷小姐的经过。他看到她正 坐在一个飘窗下，阅读柏拉图关于苏格拉底之死的有趣
描述。
她的父母正在猎苑打猎，
猎狗正引吭狂吠，
狺狺之声通过开着的窗子传进了屋内。他
感到奇怪，问她为什么没有跟父母一 起去打猎。她却回答说：
“
我觉得他们在猎苑狩猎所得
到的乐趣与我读柏拉图所得到的 乐趣相比乃是微不足道的。
”

4
、麦考利既有财富又有声望，既有地位又有 权势，然而他在传记中告诉我们，他生活
中最幸福的时刻还是读书。他在给一个小女孩的一封信中风趣地 写道：
“
谢谢你给我写了一
封有趣的信。
能叫我的小女孩愉快，
我总 是感到非常欣慰，
没有什么能比看到她喜欢书籍更
教我高兴的了。
因为当她到了像我现 在这样年龄的时候，
她会发现，
书籍比所有馅饼和糕点、
玩具和游戏以及世界上所有的 名胜更吸引人。
真要是有人拥戴我为世上最显赫的国王，
拥有
宫殿花园、珍肴美味、佳 酿华辇、龙袍华衮，以及成群成群的奴仆，但若不让我读书，我则
决不愿为国王，
我宁愿做一个 穷人，
与众多书籍为伴，蜗居阁楼斗室，
也不愿成为一个不爱
读书的国王。
”

5
、事实上，书籍赋予我们一个思想魔宫。吉恩
·
保尔
·
里希特尔曾说，从帕纳萨斯看景
色，比坐在宝座上看，视野更开阔。
从某种意义上说， 书籍给我们的形象比现实的东西更生
动，正如影像往往比真实的风景更美丽。
“
书是反 映现实的镜子，
”
乔治
·
麦克唐纳这么说过，
“
从镜子中看 时，最普通的房间也是诗一样美的房间了。
”

6
、在我们日常生活的途程中 ，书籍所赐予的恩惠是最宝贵的、无价的。在无限的遐思
中，怀着最崇高的精神，我们漫步在最高尚、最 炫丽的境界。

7
、无须离开家门，我们便可遨游世界上最遥远的地方，可以飞到斯宾 塞笔下的梦境般
的王国，
那里会有成群的仙女结队欢迎我们；
也可飞到弥尔顿描绘的天 国，
那里天使们合唱
的天国赞美诗如雷贯耳。科学、艺术、文学及哲学，所有这一切人类思想行 为的结晶，还有
我们祖祖辈辈经受了无数磨难而获得的经验，都为我们贮藏在书籍的世界里了。




Moon-Riddle from the Past(
月球
—
来自远古之谜
)
1. Spacecraft from the United States and from Russia have been to the moon, and men have
walked upon its surface. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become
available in recent years. Yet with all we know about the moon, there is even more that we don't
know.
2.
Following
the
end
of
the
Apollo
space
program,
the
National
Geographic
Society
published an excellent set of articles about the moon. Here, in shorter form, are some questions
and
answers
from
one
of
these
articles.
For
the
full
story,
see
the
September,
1973,
issue
of
National Geographic.
Were scientists right about what the moon would be like?
3. Many were, of course, but many were mistaken. One said there was no lava on the moon.
Another said that the moon material would explode as soon as an astronaut's boot touched it. One
said there would certainly be water on the moon. Many felt there was a chance that the astronauts
could bring back to earth some strange infection. These ideas are now known to be incorrect, and
no doubt we are still wrong about many other things, also.
Is the moon like the earth?
4. Yes and no. It is more like it than many scientists thought before Apollo. Like the earth, the
moon is in layers, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below. It may also have a core, as
the earth does. However, the crust is almost four times thicker than the earth's crust. We do not
know
much
yet
about
the
moon's
mantle,
that
section
of
superheated
rock
which
goes
down
hundreds of miles below the crust. We think-but we are not sure-that the moon has a center core
which includes molten rock, as the earth does.
5. In other ways, of course, the moon is very different. There is no life, and there is no water.
The makeup of its atmosphere is very different; the earth creatures cannot breathe in it.
Of what is the moon made?
6. Definitely not green cheese. It has the same chemical elements as have the earth and the
rest of the solar system but in very different amounts-more of some, less of others. Carbon, which
is a very important part of living things on the earth, is rare on the moon.
Is the moon hot or cold?
7. Most scientists agree that some of the moon was hot for at least a time. Rocks from the
moon show that they were once melted. Right now there seems to be heat someplace inside the
moon, possibly a great deal of it. On the surface, however, there is no sign of heat-no volcano, for
example.
The
surface
itself
ranges
from
heat
of
230
℉
to
cold
of
minus
290
℉
,depending
upon
where the sun is.
Where did the moon come from?
8. We don't know. The three main theories (ideas) are (1) that the moon was born from the
earth, (2) that the earth and the moon were born together at the same time from the same cloud of
gas and dust, and (3) that the moon was born someplace else in the solar system and then captured
by the earth's gravity. So far, none of these theories has been proved to be either right or wrong.
Professor George

of the University of California in Los Angeles says that he would give the first
two
theories
each
a
10
percent
chance
and
the
third
theory
a
20
percent
chance.
The
other
60
percent he would give to
9. In spite of all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant
past-and
will
be
for
a
long
time
to
come.
Although
we
know
much
more
now,
we
find
that,
somehow, for every answer new questions spring up.
1
、美国和俄国的宇宙飞船都已经到达 过月球，而且人类也在它的表面上行走过。月球
上的岩石和土壤的样本，
以及许多其它类型的信 息，
近些年来已经为人们所知所用了。
然而
除了我们所知道的关于月球的那些外，还有 更多是我们不知道的。

2
、在阿波罗太空计划结束后，国家地理协会出版了一组有关 月球的极好文章。这里，
以简短的形式截取了其中一篇文章重的部分问答。
完整的内容，
请见
1973
年九月发行的
《国
家地理》
。

科学家关于
“
月球外貌
”
的描述是正确的吗？

3
、大多数是正确的，当然，也有相当部分是错误的。一个说法是月球上没有熔岩。另
外一个说法 是宇航员的靴子一旦碰上月球物质就会爆炸。
有人说月球确实存在水。
许多人还
认为宇 航员有可能把某些奇怪的传染病菌带回地球。
这些说法现在被证明都是不正确的，
无
疑 ，我们关于月球的许多其它的看法是错误的。

月球像地球吗？

4
、答案是，像也不像。月球比科学家在阿波罗计划之前想象的还要像地球。如同地球
一样，
月球 上有地层，表面是一层地壳，
其下是很深的地幔。
月球也可能如同地球一样有一
个地核 。然而，
月球地壳几乎是地球地壳厚度的四倍。我们对月球地幔所知不多，
那些过热
的 岩石在外壳几百英里以下。
我们预料，
但是我们不能确定，
月球有一个由熔岩构成的地 核，
如同地球。

5
、在其它的方面，当然，月球非常不同。它没有生命，没 有水。它的大气的构成也非
常不同，地球生物在那里不能呼吸。

月球是由什么构成的？

6
、很明显不是绿色奶酪。月球有如同地球和其余太 阳系行星一样的化学元素，但是其
比率非常不同，
某些多一点，其它少一些。碳是地球上生物的 一个非常重要组成部分，
在月
球上非常稀少。

月球是酷热的还是寒冷的？

7
、大多数的科学家认为月球的一部分至少在一 个时期是热的。来自月球的岩石表明它
们曾经被融化。
现在，
似乎在月球内部的某些地 方仍处于高温，
也可能它是很大的一片地方，
然而在表面上，
没有高温的特征，
例如没有火山。
月球表面温度范围从华氏正
230
度到华氏
负
29 0
度，取决于太阳在什么地方。

月球来自哪里呢？

8
、 我们不知道。主要存在着三个理论：
（
1
）月球产生自地球，
（
2< br>）地球和月球在同一
时间从同一气云和尘埃里同时产生，
（
3
）
月球是产生在太阳系的其它某个地方，
而后被地球
的地心引力所捕获。
到现在为止，
这些理论中没有任何一个已经被证明正确或错误。
洛杉矶
加州大学的乔治教授说，他认为前两个理论有百分之十的正确性，
第三个理论有百分之二十
的正确性，另外的百分之 六十他将给
“
至今我们都还没想到的事物
”
。



9
、尽管我们已经从空间飞行中了解了一些，月球仍然是来自遥远过去的一个谜，而且
仍将会在未来很长一段时间如此。
尽管我们现在比过去知道的更多，
但是我们也发现，
不知
何故，每个新答案都会引发出更多的新问题。




Animals Hear(
动物如何听到声音
)
1. When we talk about ears, we usually mean the oddly wrinkled appendages on the sides of
our heads.
2. We are aware that at the end of the central hole in this outer ear there is something called
the middle ear, with an eardrum and a few little bones. Even deeper lies the inner ear, the organ
with which we
3. Animals such as dogs and cats also have conspicuous outer ears, but few of us probably
ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath those
pointed tips. Yet, we know very well that these animals hear.
4. Birds are even more mysterious, because here we do not even see an outer ear. The same is
true to still a larger degree of such animals as frogs and fishes, although in the frog we can at least
see an eardrum.
5.
Again,
at
one
time
or
another,
you
may
have
found
that
all
such
animals
hear.
Hunters
know
that
birds are
attracted
by
artificial
calls,
and
fishermen
emphasize
that
you
should be
as
quiet(
原文
quite) as possible if you don't want to go home empty handed. And if you ever hunted
frogs in your childhood, you know how softly you had to tread! Moreover, it seems absurd that
birds should sing and frogs croak, if they could not even hear their own voices.
6. By direct observations and many experiments, biologists have discovered that practically
all animals have some sense of hearing or vibration. Earthworms feel vibrations in the soil, fish
can
be
trained
to
respond
to
certain
tones,
male
mosquitoes
are
attracted
by
the
sound
of
the
female, and frogs will respond to a tape recording of their own voices.
7. The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized
cells
called
maculae.
Each
of
these
collections
of
cells
can
carry
a
message
to
the
brain.
What
message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected. The message which is carried is
not, however, always connected with the hearing sense. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can
tell the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own
lungs.
8. In the human and all other mammals, the macula has developed into an organ which can
easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlea. This spiral shaped organ contains the macula itself
and it is called
how a cochlea looks.
9.
When
sound
waves
enter
the
cochlea,
which
is
really
a
tube
coiled
around,
they
set
a
membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave. This is something like the way in
which
high
and
low
sounds
are
produced
by
a
flute
or
whistle.
The
high
sounds
are
produced
when the air is prevented by the holes from going through, while the low sounds are produced by
allowing more of the air to pass. All this is what produces the differences between high and low
sounds. The loudness of a sound is evidently produced by how much the membrane is cause to
move.
10. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not
definitely
known
by
scientists
as
yet.
We
do
know,
however,
that
nature
has
set
up
some
very
delicate
hearing
mechanisms
for
its
creatures.
Scientists
must
explore
much
further
for
more
knowledge about how animals use their ears.
1
、当我们提到耳朵，通常指那个生长在我们头部两侧的奇怪的褶皱的附属肢体。
< br>2
、我们知道，在外耳中孔的底部有东西称为中耳，它由一个耳鼓和一些小骨骼构成。
而 真正能使我们
“
听
”
的器官在更深处的内耳。

3
、诸如猫和狗这样的动物也有引人注目的外耳，但很少人能够停下来去想，在竖立的
尖儿下面，
是否那里也有类似于中耳和内耳的东西。
但是我们很清楚地知道这些动物都能够
听到。

4
、鸟类甚至更为神秘，因为我们甚至看不到它们有一个外耳。还有很大数量的动物如
青蛙和鱼类也是如此，虽然我们至少可以看到青蛙有一个耳鼓。

5
、此外，你可能曾 经发现所有的这些动物都在听。猎人们知道鸟类会被人造的声音所
吸引，
渔夫们则强调，
如果你不想空手而归的话就要尽可能的安静。
如果你在童年抓过青蛙，
你应该知道要多么轻柔 地走动。
说实在，
青蛙在叫，
鸟儿在唱，
如果它们甚至听不到自己发
出的声音，岂不荒谬。

6
、通过直接观察和许多试验，生物学家已经发现，实际上所 有的动物都具有某种听觉
或振动感。
蚯蚓在土壤里能感觉震动，
鱼类可以训练的对特定 的音调有反应，
雄性蚊子可以
被雌性蚊子的声音所吸引，青蛙对它们自己的声音的录音有所反应 。

7
、内耳由脆弱的薄膜构成，它承载着密集的由被称作斑疹的特殊细胞构成的片。 每个
这样的细胞群都能够把信息传递给大脑，而斑疹承载怎样的信息依赖于它是怎样受影响的。
但是被承载的信息并不总是与听觉相连。
举个例子，
有一种蝌蚪能感知它所游泳之处水的深度，它是通过某种自己肺部产生的声音的音调来判定的。

8
、对于人类和其他所 有哺乳类动物来说，斑疹已经进化成为一种很容易看见的器官，
这种器官称作
“
耳蜗< br>”
。这一螺旋形的器官包括了
MACULAE
本身，以及后来被其发现者称为
“CORTI”
的器官。如果你看到过蜗牛的壳，你就知道耳蜗的形象。
9
、当声波进入耳蜗这条盘旋的管道，它令薄膜前后移动并且产生新的波动。这种方式
类似 于长笛或是哨子所产生的高低音。当洞穴被阻挡导致空气不能通过通道时就产生高音，
而有更多空气通过 通道时则产生低音。
这些造成了高音和低音的不同。
而声音的大小则明显
的决定于耳膜 运动。

10
、
对于所有的动物来说，
听觉是否真的因为气压的影响 而产生，
至今科学家们仍然没
有明确的了解。但是我们知道，自然界已经为它的生物们建立了一 些非常精细的听觉机制。
科学家们必须进行更加深入地探讨才能够对动物如何应用它们的耳朵获得更多的 知识。




World without Oil(
假如世界没有石油
)
1. Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil?
Take a look at your day. The roof of your home is probably made waterproof by an oil product,
bitumen. The same product is used for the road surface outside your home. Before you leave to go
to work or school, just examine your surroundings. Is the room warmer than the cold air outside?
Oil,
or
electricity
from
oil-fed
generators
may
be
keeping
you
comfortably
warm.
If
you
are
comfortably
cool
in
a
tropical
climate,
your
air
conditioning
unit
may
also
depend
on
oil-fed
generators.
2. In the kitchen and the bathroom you will probably see some plastic fittings such as tiles
and working surfaces; polystyrene cups; curtains made from synthetic materials; disinfectants and
detergents. All owe their origin to the oil known as petroleum (Latin/Greek 'petra', rock, and Latin
'oleum',
oil),
found
deep
in
the
earth.
Look
inside
the
medicine
cupboard
for
more
petroleum
products, medical paraffin and petroleum jelly. Cosmetics such as face creams, lipsticks and hair
preparations are often based on petroleum.
3.
When
you're
out,
notice
the
fields
and
gardens.
Fertilizers
and
insecticides
made
from
petroleum can improve crop production. Recently protein feeds for animals have been developed
by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock. As you head for your bus, train or car, all of which
use petroleum products in the form of fuel to move them and lubricants to keep them in working
order,
take a
look
in
the
mirror.
What are
you
wearing today? A
polyester
shirt
or
dress,
nylon
socks or stockings, and acrylic sweater-a raincoat of PVC (polyvinyl chloride)? All of these are
based on petroleum products.
4. Scientists predict that the world's known oil resources will run out early in the next century.
But long before then the world will have to decide on its priorities. Can we afford to use so much
of our limited petroleum supplies for private motoring? Should airlines compete on similar routes
allowing
planes
to
fly
long
distances
with
empty
passenger
seats?
What
alternative
energy
resources can be developed?
5. There is an old English saying,
you
are
faced
with
a
need
you
will
discover
some
way
of
fulfilling
it.
Already
scientists
are
proposing
some
fascinating
solutions.
There
is
one
suggestion
that
the
wheeled
traffic
and
the
footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could generate energy. One company has
presented
an
idea
in
which
metal
strips
inserted
in
pavements
and
roads
operate
fly
wheels
by
means of a piston action using hydraulic fluid. They say the human and wheeled traffic in a busy
city center could provide enough energy to light the streets of an entire town or power the heating
system
for
a
hospital
or
school.
Some
people
are
developing
sophisticated
versions
of
the
windmill. Engines can run on alcohol, so surplus sugar cane could be used to produce energy. An
air ship powered by energy from the sun has been suggested. Such
enough
surface
area
to
carry
the
enormous
number
of
solar
cells
necessary
to
move
any
appreciable load. Such
circumstances, of course, the tropical parts of the world would have a head start in the race to find
new energy sources.
1
、你曾想过没有，如果世界上用尽了石油，你的生活会发生什么样变化呢 ？请看一看
你的日常生活。
你家的屋顶可能是用一种叫沥青的石油产品做成防水的。
沥 青同样可用来铺
你家外面的路面。
在你离家去上班或上学之前，
请观察一下你周围的环 境。
房间里会比外面
冷空气暖和吗？这是石油或由燃油发电机发出来的电使你感到舒适温暖。< br>如果你在炎热的气
候里感到舒适凉爽，那么你家的空调器可能也是靠燃油发电机工作的。

2
、在厨房和浴室里你可能看到一些塑料器具，如塑料地板和塑料操作台面、聚苯乙烯
杯子、合成材料的浴帘、消毒剂和去污剂。所有这些都是来自称为
“Petroleum”
的石 油。
“Petroleum”(
石油
)
是
(
由拉丁或希腊文

岩石
)
和拉丁文

油
)
组成
)，深埋在地下。
向药厨里看看，
你可以找到更多的石油产品，
如药用石蜡和凡士林 。
化妆品如雪花膏、
唇膏、
洗发剂等，常用石油作为基本原料。

3
、当外出时你会看到农田和花园。化肥和杀虫剂是由石油制取的，可以使农作物增产。
最近已经 研制出一种动物食用的蛋白质饲料，它是用石油作为基本原料加上酵母而制成的。
公共汽车、
货 车或小轿车，
都是靠石油产品作燃料开动的，
用润滑油保持这些车辆正常工作。
当你去 乘车之前要照一照镜子。看看今天穿什么衣服好？是化纤服装（衬衫还是外套）
，是
尼龙袜（短 袜还是长袜）
，晴纶毛衣还是塑料雨衣？而所有这些都是用石油产品作原料的。

4< br>、科学家预言世界上已探明的石油资源将在下个世纪初用尽。但远在那时候以前，世
界就必须确定 石油是优先考虑控制使用的物资。
石油储量既然有限，
我们还能把那么多的石
油用于私 人汽车吗？难道航空公司还应该为了在类似的航线上竞争而允许他们的客机有空
座的长途飞行吗？能开发 出什么样的替代能源呢？

5
、英国有一句古话
“
需要是发明之母< br>”
。这意味着当你面对一种需要时，你将发现一种
方法满足它。
科学家们已经在 提出一些迷人的解决方案。
有一个建议提出，
在大城市街道上，
拥挤的人群走的脚步和 路面上往来行使的车辆可以用来生产能量。一个公司提出这样想法：
嵌在人行道和路面上的金属条用液压 活塞的作用使飞轮转动。
他们说，
在繁华大城市的中心，
人群和过往车辆可提供足够的 能量为整个城镇的街道照明或者为一个医院或学校提供供暖
系统的动力。某些人正在研制高级的风车技术 。发动机可用乙醇作燃料开动，因此，过剩的
甘蔗可用来产生能量。
还有人建议用太阳能作动力 来驱使飞艇。
这种
“
太阳能飞艇
”
必须要很
大的面积以携带 大量的太阳能电池，
这样才有可能运载可观的载荷。
这种
“
太阳能飞艇
”
也许
每小时能航行
100
多公里。
当然倘若这样，
世界 的热带地区在寻找新能源的竞赛中将会领先
一步。



17. If Lincoln Had Used a Computer(
如果林肯使用过计算机
……)

1. The ad for a software program caught my eye.
It said,
or
your
money back.
2.
I'm
familiar
with
computer
programs
that
correct
spelling
through
the
use
of
built-in
dictionaries. But the ad for this program said that it would correct
3. Style. That's a big part of what writing is about. So I stopped by the computer store to give
it
a
test
run.
I
wanted
to
see
what
the
program
would
say
about
one
of
my
favorite
pieces
of
writing.
4. I typed it into the computer. Then the computer printed out a critique. Here it is:
5. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived
in
Liberty,
and
dedicated
to
the
proposition
that
all
men
are
created
equal.
[Long
sentences
can
be
difficult
to
read
and
understand.
Consider
revising
so
that
no
more
than
one
complete
thought
is
expressed
in
each
sentence.
Passive
voice:

created.
Consider
using
active. Usually a paragraph should have more than one sentence.]

6. Now we are engaged [Passive voice:
for more information.] in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived
and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met [Passive voice:
on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicated a portion of that field, as a final
resting place for those who here gave their lives that that [Delete doubled word.] nation might live.
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

7. But, [Use
cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled
here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor
long remember [An adjective
to use an adverbial form of
never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather [This word usually adds little and
should be omitted.] to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which [
preferred in this situation. If you really mean
comma,
See

key
for
more
information.]
they
who
fought
here
have
thus
far
so
nobly
advanced.
It
is
rather
[This
word
usually
adds
little
and
should
be
omitted.]
for
us
to
be
here
dedicated to the great task remaining before us: that from these honored dead we take increased
devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly
revolve that these dead [Usually
in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. [Problems detected: 13.]

8. That's something. As often as I've read this speech, getting a lump in my throat every time.
I've never detected one stylistic problem, much less 13. Shows how little I know.

9. But I suppose we really shouldn't expect anything better from someone who grew up in a
log cabin, hoofed to a oneroom Schoolhouse and never made it to college.

10. We might remember, though, that Abe Lincoln was at a stylistic disadvantage when he
wrote his Gettysburg Address. The poor guy didn't have a
1
、有一则计 算机软件的广告引起了我的注意。它说：
“
要是
30
天之内不能提高你的写< br>作能力，就将原款退还。
”

2
、我熟悉那些通过使用内建字典来纠正 拼写错误的计算机程序。但是，这则软件广告
却说，它能纠正
“
文体错误
”< br>。

3
、文体对于写作关系可是很重大的。因此，我在那家计算机商店停下来， 准备试一试
这个程序。我想看一看它会对我所喜爱的一篇文章说些什么。

4
、我把文章输进了计算机。接着，计算机屏幕上显示出了一段评语。下文便是：
< br>5
、
87
年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上缔造了一个新国家。她以自由为立国之 本，坚决
奉行所有的人生来平等的原则。

6
、目前我们正在进行一场伟大的 内战，这场战争正考验我国，或者任何在自由中诞生
并奉行上述原则的国家能否永存。
我们在这 场伟大战争的战场上聚会。
把这战场之一角奉献
给那些为国家生存而捐躯的人们，作为他们的最 后安息之地。我们完全应该这样做。

7
、但是从更广泛的意义上来说，我们无权把这 块土地奉献给他们，也无力神圣化这片
土地。
那些活着的和死去的，曾在这里战斗过的英雄，才 使这片土地成为神圣之地，而非我
们的微薄之力所能增减。
世人不会注意也不会长久记得我们今 天在这里说了些什么，
但是勇
士们在这里做过的事将永远不会被忘记。
倒是我们这些活 着的人，
应该继续英雄们为之战斗
并使之前进的未竟事业。
我们应该要更加忠诚于先烈 为之牺牲的事业，
为摆在我们面前的伟
大任务继续献身；
我们在这里下定决心不能让他 们的鲜血白流；
这个国家，
在上帝的保佑下
将获得自由的新生。这个民有、民治、民享 的政府将与世长存。

8
、真是奇迹
!
每当我阅读这篇演讲词的时候 ，总感觉心情激动，如鲠在喉。我却从未发
现过它有一处文体错误，更不用说它有
13
处错误了。这表明我的知识何等贫乏啊
!
9
、但是，我们不应该苛求一个在小木屋里 长大，徒步到那所只有一间屋子的学校上学，
后来也没有上成大学的人，他也不可能把话讲得再好了。< br>
10
、
然而，
我们也许应当记住：
亚伯
·
林肯写葛底斯堡演讲稿时，
他实在没有很好的条件
来讲求文体修辞。可怜的家伙那时并没有计算 机上的
“
求助
”
键可使用。
(
本篇原文中括号内
的 斜体字因文字浅显，故不加译文。－－编者
)


18. How Americans Eat and Drink.(
美国人的饮食
)
1. Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft (non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165 million
are sold every day, from the equator to the Arctic. But whereas outside the USA Coke tends to be a
young
person's
drink,
inside
the
USA
anybody
of
any
age
or
income
can
drink
it
without
embarrassment on any occasion.

2. Coke is not the only
for it is not as sweet as Coke. Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola nut and are the only soft
drinks which are stimulating as well as refreshing.

3.
There
are
excellent
wines
produced
in
California
which
are
praised
by
European
connoisseurs,
but
some
Americans
prefer
stronger
stuff.
Well-off
Americans
consume
a
lot
of
alcohol in the form of cocktails
—
mixtures based on spirits like whisky, gin and vodka.

4.
Hamburgers
and
hot
dogs
are
perhaps
the
best
known
American
foods.
Hot
dogs
—
sausages
between
bread
rolls
—
can
be
bought
in
snack
bars
and
from
hot
dog
stands
on
street
comers.
And
from
San
Francisco
to
New
York,
in
cheap
or
medium-priced
restaurants,
hamburgers will be on all the menus, in company with steaks, fried chicken and seafood. They
come with French fries and crisp green salad. In most cases it is certainly good value for money.
For
dessert
you
will
be
offered
apple
pie, cheese cake, chocolate
layer
cake,
ice
cream
and
ice
cream sundaes. No ice cream in the world is more delicious than American ice cream.

5.
The
American
passion
for
speed
has
now
hit
the
food
business.
Many
restaurants,
in
particular the great chain restaurant company, Macdonald's, specialize in fast food
served
at
the
counter
ready

go
or

take
out
The
food, cooked
and
hot,
is
packed
into
cardboard and plastic containers, and hot drinks go into plastic cups with tight-fitting lids. There
are also drive-in fast food restaurants, where the customer does not even have to leave his or her
car. They first stop at a board where the menu is displayed, give an order through a microphone
and then drive another twenty yards, where a gift hands them the meal, ready cooked and packed.
People who prefer to eat at a table in the restaurant also receive their food in cardboard or plastic
containers, and the knives, forks and spoons are plastic, too. When they have finished, customers
throw everything except the tray into a trash can.

6. In most cities, large and small, you can eat Mexican or Italian food. And even small towns
have a coffee shop serving simple meals, drinks of all kinds
—
and excellent, freshly-made coffee.
You sit at the counter, or are served at a table. Service in restaurants and coffee shops is efficient
and friendly. Waiters and waitresses often introduce themselves.
can I get you folks?
tip. In any case, people usually tip 15% of the check. One of the pleasantest things about waiters
and waitresses is that they refill your coffee cup several times for no extra charge!

7. Many American families pride themselves on their cooking, and have deep freezers, where
they
store
food
they
grow
in
their
gardens
or
buy
in
the
supermarket.
Supermarkets
are
large
self- service
stores
selling
every
kind
of
food
—
fresh,
canned
or
frozen.
So,
like
the
fast-food
restaurants, their produce is less expensive and easier to market. There have been supermarkets in
the USA since the 1930s, and they have now spread through a large part of the world.

1
、可口可乐是全世界销路最好的软饮料
(
不含酒精的饮料
)
。从 赤道到北极，可口可乐
每天的销售量为
1
、
65
亿瓶。在美国，任何 人，不论年龄大小、收入多少，都可以在任何场
合饮用可口可乐而不至于有任何不自在的感觉。
但在美国之外，
可口可乐往往是青年人的饮
料。

2
、
可口 可乐不是唯一的可乐饮料。
百事可乐是它的着名竞争对手并拥有自己的爱好者，
因为它不像可口 可乐那么甜。
可乐饮料含有从可拉果中提取的咖啡因，
并且是唯一的既可提
神又有刺激 性的软饮料。

3
、加利福尼亚生产的优质葡萄酒得到欧洲的行家们的赞扬，但有些美 国人更喜欢烈性
酒。
很多美国人以喝鸡尾酒的方式消费大量酒精，
这种酒是用威士忌、
杜松子酒和伏特加之
类的烈性酒调制而成的。

4
、汉堡包和热狗也 许是最着名的美国食品了。热狗
—
面包卷夹香肠
—
可以在街角的小
吃 店和热狗摊上买到。
从旧金山到纽约的中小饭馆，
所有乏鞘菜单上都有汉堡包，
它与牛 排、
炸鸡和海味并列。
它们与炸薯条和新鲜色拉搁在一起出售。
在多数情况下，
这笔钱当然值得
一花。要甜点心的话，你可以点苹果馅饼、乳酪蛋糕、巧克力夹心蛋糕、冰淇淋和冰淇 淋圣
代。世界上没有哪个地方的冰激淋比美国的更好吃了。

5
、美国人追求
“
快
”
的激情目前已经影响到了饮食业。许多饭馆，尤其是大型连锁饮食公司
“
麦当劳
”
，专门做
“
快餐
”
， 也就是在柜台随时可以买到或带走的食物。饭菜做好了，趁
热就装进纸板或塑料制的容器。
热饮 料则装入盖子盖得很严的塑料杯中。
还有服务到车上的
“
路旁
”
快餐 店，
顾客甚至用不着离开小汽车。
他们先在一块写有菜单的牌子前停车，通过麦
克风订 饭菜，然后再往前开
20
码，就有女服务员递上做好并装在盒里的饭菜。愿意在饭馆
里 坐在餐桌边进餐的人的饭菜也同样装在纸板或塑料制的容器中，
刀、
叉、
汤匙也都是塑 料
做的。顾客吃完了，除了盘子以外，其余都扔进垃圾箱。

6
、
在 大多数城市里，
无论大城市还是小城市，
你都可以吃到墨西哥食品或意大利食品。
甚至 小镇上也有咖啡馆提供简单的饭菜、
各种饮料和非常好的刚煮好的咖啡。
你坐在柜台边
或桌旁就行。饭店和咖啡馆的服务热情周到，效率很高。男女服务员经常自我介绍：
“
我是多恩
(
或德比
)
。您要点什么
?”
这种友好毫不做作， 也并不完全是想多得小费。一般，人们常
另付账单金额的
15
％作为小费。男女服务员 最讨人喜欢的一点是他们屡次三番把你的咖啡
杯重新斟满而不另加收钱！
7
、许多美国 家庭以自己的烹调而自豪。他们有冷藏箱，可以把
他们在花园种的或从超级市场买的食物贮藏起来。超级市场是大型自助商店，
出售各种食品
—
新鲜的、罐头装的或冰冻的。因此，像 快餐馆一样，他们的商品较便宜，容易销售。美国
从
1930
年代起就有超级市场了， 现在超级市场已遍及世界的大部分地区。



19. Smoking and Cancer(
吸烟和癌
)
1.
Americans
smoke
six
thousand
million
cigarettes
every
year
(1970
figures).
This
is
roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age
or
more.
It
is
estimated
that
51%
of
American
men
smoke
compared
with
34%
of
American
women.

2.
Since
1939,
numerous
scientific
studies
have
been
conducted
to
determine
whether
smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there
is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable
doubt
that
tobacco
smoking,
particularly
cigarette
smoking,
is
associated
with
shortened
life
expectancy.

3. Cigarette smoking is believed by
most research workers in this
field to be an important
factor
in
the
development
of
cancer
of
the
lungs and cancer
of
the
throat
and
is
believed
to
be
related to cancer of the bladder and the oral cavity. Male cigarette Smokers have a higher death
rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected
because
they
do
not
breathe
in
the
smoke
so
deeply.)
The
majority
of
doctors
and
researchers
consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say,
smoke
—
don't start!

4.
Some
competent
physicians
and
research
workers
—
though
their
small
number
is
decreased even further
—
are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider
the
increase
in
respiratory
diseases
and
various
forms
of
cancer
may
possibly
be
explained
by
other
factors
in
the
complex
human
environment
—
atmospheric
pollution,
increased
nervous
stress, chemical substances in processed food, or chemical pesticides that are now being used by
farmers in vast quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or
lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food.
Gradually,
however,
research
is
isolating
all
other
possible
factors
and
proving
them
to
be
statistically irrelevant.

5. Apart
from
the
scientific
statistics,
it
might
be
helpful
to
look
at
what
smoking tobacco
actually
does
to
the
human
body.
Smoke
is
a
mixture
of
gases,
vaporized
chemicals,
minute
particles of ash, and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and black tar.
As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs.
One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins at
this point.
6. Smoking also affects the
heart and blood vessels.
It is known to be related to Beurger's
disease, a narrowing of the small veins in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead
even to amputation of limbs. Smokers also die much more often from heart disease.
7.
While
all
tobacco
smoking
affects
life
and
expectancy
and
health,
cigarette
smoking
appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption
is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research indicates a causal relationship between
all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed
to
make
smoking
to
some
extent
safer,
but
they
can
only
marginally
reduce,
not
eliminate
the
hazards.

1
、美国人每年抽烟
60< br>亿支
(1970
年的统计数字
)
。这大致等于每个
18
岁以上的人一年
要吸
4195
支烟。据估计，美国有
51
％的男性 吸烟，而女性吸烟的比例则为
34
％。

2
、
1939年以来，为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。证据所显示的趋
势是一贯的，
并表明对人体的健康有严重的危险。
许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，
吸食烟草，特别 是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。

3
、这方面的研究人员大都相信吸卷烟是产生肺癌、 喉癌的重要因素，还认为膀胱癌、
口腔癌也与此有关。男性吸烟者的心脏病死亡率比不吸烟的高。
(
他们认为女性吸烟者受影
响小一些，因为她们吸烟不那么深。
)
大多数医 生和研究人员认为，上述那些关系已得到令
人满意的证实，并且告诫说：
“
戒烟吧，如 果你不会抽
—
那可不要学
!”

4
、有些精通业务的医生和 研究人员
—
虽然这些人不多，并且人数在进一步减少
—
不那
么肯定吸 卷烟对人体健康有影响。
他们认为呼吸系统疾病和各种癌症的增多也许可以说是由
于人类复杂环 境中另外一些因素，即：空气的污染、
人们精神压力的增大、经过加工的食品
中的化学物质、< br>或化学杀虫药引起的。
农民现在大量使用这些农药杀死昆虫和小动物。
据他
们说 ，
那些患了癌症或肺病的人可能恰巧也住在工业区，
或是吃了更多的罐头食品。
但是研
究工作逐渐排除了其它因素的可能性，并且用统计数字证明这些因素是无关的。

5< br>、除了科学统计之外，研究工作还有助于认清吸食烟草对人体的实际影响。抽烟产生
的烟雾是一种 混合的气体，
包括气化的化学物质，
极小的灰末微粒和其它固体，
还有毒性很
强的尼古丁和黑焦油。
当吸进烟时，
所有这些成分就都沉淀在肺膜上。
在气管和支气管 分支
的地方有一个集中点。大部分肺癌就从这里发端。

6
、抽烟也影响心脏 和血管。现已查明抽烟与伯尔格氏病有关。这种疾病使手脚的细静
脉不断缩小，
从而引起剧烈疼 痛甚至会导致截肢。
抽烟者死于心脏病的也比不吸烟的人多得
多。



7
、尽管吸食各种烟草都会影响预期寿命和健康，但是抽香烟的影响要比抽雪茄和抽 烟
斗大得多。
不过，后两种并不能减少对尼古丁的吸食，并且当编者注：
本篇文章写作 日期较
早。
事实上，
近年来美国吸烟人口比率以及吸烟量一直在持续下降。
根 据美国疾病预防与控
制中心的报告，
2003
年美国抽烟人口比率已经下降到
21
、
6
％。
美国对吸烟有明确的法律规
定：未满
21周岁的人不得吸烟；在公共场所，如图书馆、教堂、超市、饭店、公共汽车、
地铁等处不得吸烟。< br>美国对烟草行业的征税特别重，
故烟价很高，
这也是限制吸烟的重要措
施。前的研究指出各式各样的吸烟都和口腔癌、
喉癌有某种因果关系。
据称过滤嘴香烟和低焦油烟草能使吸烟在某种程度上比较安全，但是这只能略微减少危害，而不能消除危害。


20. Eyeing Earth: From Cloud Top to Seabed(
纵览地球
—
从云端到海底
)
1. Earth scientists are beginning to live what they once considered an impossible dream. They
are establishing systems to monitor our entire planet continuously, from the outer fringes of the
atmosphere to the deepest seabed. They even are beginning to track the grinding of rock upon rock
that generates earthquakes.

2. They are linking communications systems to shunt these data to whomever can work them
into useful knowledge. Often this now can be done in minutes instead of hours, days, or weeks. An
unprecedented cooperation is developing among nations so that earth scientists will no longer look
at our planet in the old, fragmented way.

3.
These
technological
developments
have
brought
humanity
to
the
brink
of

opportunities,
last
week
in
San
Francisco.
A
few
of
many
instances
of
such
opportunities
presented
at
the
meeting illustrate this.

4. Scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., where Dr. Orcutt is
deputy director, have developed a way to use the worldwide seismic observing network to image
earthquake
ruptures.
Within
30
minutes
or
less,
they
can
trace
the
entire
crustal
rupture
that
produces
a
quake
anywhere
in
the
world.
This
information
is
much
more
valuable
than
merely
pinpointing
the
quake
epicenter.

is
important
for
tsunami
warning
systems
in
which
you
need
to
know
a
path
－－
not
just
the
original
location
—
of
an
earthquake,
explains
Scripps
scientist Peter Shearer.

5.
Meanwhile,
in
North
America,
the
EarthScope
project
is
establishing
a
continent-wide
network of GPS locators, seismographs, and other instruments to study what's happening below
the crust.

6.
The
network,
which
will
cover
the
United
States
and
reach
into
Canada and Mexico,
is
beginning to track the interaction of the two great crustal plates that respectively carry the Pacific
Ocean and the continent. Its prime feature is an observatory in Parkfield, Calif., which has placed
instruments nearly two miles deep into the Earth right up against the San Andreas fault to record
every creep, rattle, and grind. The goal is
test scientists' speculations as to how it works, says William Ellsworth, a geologist with the US
Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif.
7.
Networks of
satellites
already
on
orbit
or
soon
to
be
launched
are
beginning
to provide
detailed
observations
of
the
workings
of
the
atmosphere,
ocean,
and
continental
crust
over
the
entire
planet.
These
data
are
shared
globally
through
an
unprecedented
cooperation
among
58
nations called the Global Earth Observation System of Systems.
8. Orcutt noted that it will take high-volume high-speed communications to make the most of
such sharing. Such a system, now under development, will shunt data a thousand times faster than
current

speed
broadband
Internet
links.
Orcutt
added
that
a
strong
commercial
incentive
exists
to
develop
this
system.
It
would
allow
movie
studios,
for
example,
to
transmit
a
digital
motion picture directly to theaters, where it could be shown in real time.
1
、地球科学家们开始将以前被认为是不可能实现的梦想变为现实。他 们正在建立可以
持续不断地监控我们整个地球的系统，
上至大气外层边缘，
下至海床最 深处。
他们甚至开始
追踪导致地震产生的岩石间的摩擦。

2
、科学 家们正在将各个通讯系统连接起来，从而将收集到的数据资料传输给任何可将
其转化为有用知识的使用者 。
这项工作现在往往只需几分钟而不是几小时、
几天或几星期就
能完成。
一项 空前的合作正在各国间展开，
从此以后地球科学家们再也不需要用陈旧和零敲
碎打的方式来研究 我们所在的行星了。

3
、
美国地球物理学会主席约翰
·
奥 克特在该组织上周于旧金山召开的会议上指出，
这些
技术上的发展已使人类十分接近
“
大好机遇
”
。这次会议上介绍了与这些机遇相关的许多实
例，其中几个说明了 这一点。

4
、由奥克特博士任副所长的加利福尼亚拉霍亚市斯克里普斯海洋研究所的 科学家们已
经开发出一种利用全球地震监控网络来形象地描绘地表断裂的方法。在
30
分钟或更短的时
间内，
他们就能完整地追踪到地球上任何一处导致地震的地壳断裂带。
这一信息比仅仅确定
震中的位置要有价值得多。斯克里普斯的科学家彼得
·
希勒解释说 ：
“
这对于海啸预警系统来
说很重要，因为在预警过程中，不仅仅需要知道震源所在， 而且需要了解地震波的路径
”
。

5
、与此同时，在北美开展的“
地球透镜
”
计划正在建立一个包括全球定位系统定位仪、
地震仪和其他 仪器所组成的洲际范围的网络，以研究地壳下面的活动情况。

6
、该网络将会覆盖美 国并延伸至加拿大和墨西哥。目前，它正在追踪分别承载太平洋
和美洲大陆的两大地壳板块之间的相互作 用情况。
其显着特色是设在加州帕克菲尔德市的一
个观测站，
它在圣安德列亚斯断层的 正上方距地表近两英里处，
安装了各种仪器，
用来记录
这里的每一次地壳移动、
撞击和摩擦情况。
加州曼罗帕克美国地质勘探局的一位地质学家威
廉
·
埃尔 斯沃斯表示，这样做的目的是为了
“
深入这部地震机器的中心地带
”
，并检验 科学家
们关于其活动情况的各种推测。

7
、
由已经进入轨道或是即 将发射的卫星所形成的网络已开始提供有关整个地球的大气、
海洋和陆壳运动情况的详细观测资料。这些数据资料通过由
58
个国家参与、
名为
“
全球对地
观测系统
”
的空前合作实现全球共享。

8
、奥克特指出，要最大限 度地利用这种共享，需要依靠大容量、高速度的通讯系统。
正处于开发阶段的这一系统将会以比现在的< br>“
高速
”
宽带因特网连接快
1000
倍的速度传送数
据。奥克特还补充说，开发这个系统存在巨大的商业动机。例如，
它将使电影制片厂直接将
数字 电影传输到电影院并实现实时放映。




art of public Speaking.
（公共演讲的艺术）

1. The need for effective public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime in your
life. When it does, you want to be ready. But even if you never give another speech in your life,
you
still
have
much
to
gain
from
studying
public
speaking.
Your
speech
class
will
give
you
training
in
researching
topics,
organizing
your
ideas,
and
presenting
yourself
skillfully.
The
training is invaluable for every type of communication.
2.
There
are
many
similarities
between
public
speaking
and
daily
conversation.
The
three
major
goals
of
speaking-to
inform,
to
persuade,
to
entertain-are
also
the
three
major
goals
of
everyday
conversation.
In
conversation,
almost
without
thinking
about
it,
you
employ
a
wide
range of skills. You organize your ideas logically. You tailor your message to your audience. You
tell a story for maximum impact. You adapt to feedback from your listener. These are among the
most important skills you will need for public speaking.
3.
Of
course,
public
speaking
is
also
different
from
conversation.
First,
public
speaking
is
more highly structured than conversation. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker,
and it requires more detailed preparation than dose ordinary conversation. Second, speechmaking
requires more formal language. Listeners react negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon,
and
bad
grammar.
Third,
public
speaking
demands
a
different
method
of
delivery.
Effective
speakers
adjust
their
voices
to
the
larger
audience
and
work
at
avoiding
distracting
physical
mannerism and verbal habits.
4. One of the major concerns of students in any speech class is stage fright. Actually, most
successful
speakers
are
nervous
before
making
a
speech.
Your
speech
class
will
give
you
an
opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you rather than against you.
You
will
take
a
big
step
toward
overcoming
stage
fright
if
you
think
positively,
choose
speech
topics
you
really
care
about,
prepare
thoroughly,
and
concentrate
on
communicating
with
your
audience.
Like
many
students
over
the
years,
you
too
can
develop
confidence
in
your
speechmaking abilities.
5. The speech communication process as a whole includes seven elements-speaker, message,
channel, listener, feedback, interference, and situation. The speaker is the person who initiates a
speech transaction. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent by means of
a particular channel. The listener receives the communicated message and may provide feedback
to
the
speaker.
Interference
is
anything
that
impedes
the
communication
of
a
message,
and
the
situation is the
time and place in which speech communication occurs. The interaction of these
seven elements is what determines the outcome in any instance of speech communication.
6. Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ethical responsibilities.
Ethical speakers use sound means to achieve sound goals. They do this by being well
informed
about their subjects by being honest in what they say, by using sound evidence, and by employing
valid reasoning.
1
、在你 生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。当这个时刻来到
时，你希望自己十分有把握 。但是，
即便你从未发表过一个演讲，
你仍然会从学习公共演说
中获益良多。你的演讲 课将会在研究主题、组织思路、和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。
这种
训练对任何类型的交流都是 非常宝贵的。

2
、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。演说的三个主要目 的是：传达、说
服、
吸引，
这些也是日常交谈的三个主要目的。
在交谈中，< br>你已经不假思索地使用很多技巧。
你有条理地组织你的观点，你根据听众修改信息。你选择讲述某 个故事以取得最大的效果。
你从听众的反馈中改变自己。这些是你在公开演讲时所需要的最重要的技巧。

3
、当然，公开演说不同于交谈。首先，公开演讲比交谈要有更高的组织结构性。公 开
演说者通常受严格的时间限制，
故此它需要比普通交谈更细致的准备。
其次，
公开演说需要
使用正式语言。听众对充满俚语、行话、和语法错误的讲话反应消极。第三，公开演说需 要
用一种不同声调和姿势。
有影响力的演说者调整他的声调去面对大量的观众，
力求避 免分散
人注意力的身体习惯动作，力求避免习惯性口头语。

4
、在任何一个 演讲教室里，学生最主要的担心之一就是怕上台。事实上，最成功的演
说家在发表一场演讲之前也会紧张 。
你的演讲教室将给你一个获得信心的机会，
让你的紧张
的神经帮助你而不是阻碍你。
如果你能这样积极地考虑，
你将会朝着战胜怯场的方向迈进一
大步：
选择你真 正关心的演讲主题，
充分地准备，
集中精力与你的听众沟通。如同过去的许
多同学一样 ，你同样能够在你的演讲能力上提高信心。

5
、语言交流的过程，整体而言包括七个 要素：演说者、信息、沟通途径、听众、反馈、
外界干扰、
和现场形态。
演说者是演讲 事件的开始者。演说者传递的是信息，它必经某种特
定沟通途径传送出去。
听众接受传达到的信 息，
并且向演说者提供反馈。
外界干扰是妨碍信
息沟通的任何事物，
而现场形 态是演说发生的时间和地点。
这七个要素的相互作用决定任何
情况下演说交流的效果。



6
、因为演讲是力量的一种表现形态，它承载着很重的道德责任。有道德 的演说者用声
音的方式去实现声音的目的。
他们通过很好阐述他们的主题、
通过诚实于 他们所说的话、
通
过使用可靠的论据、以及通过正确的评论做这件事。



22. The Province of Alberta
（阿尔伯达省）

1. Alberta is located in the western part of Canada and is the westernmost among the Prairie
Provinces. To its west is British Columbia while to its east is Saskatchewan. Its south borders on
the U.S. state of Montana while its north borders on the Northwest Territories. Alberta is a most
popular place for people to go to on their vacations because of its beautiful scenery. The Canadian
Rockies running through it have earned for it the proud name of

2.
With
an
area
of
approximately
255,212
square
miles,
equivalent
to
661,000
square
kilometers,
it
is
the
fourth
largest
province
in
Canada.
Although
it
has
a
population
of
only

million,
about
one
fifth
of
the
population
of
Shanghai,
it
ranks
also
4th
in
population
among
Canadian provinces. The province was named after Princess Louis Caroline Alberta, a daughter of
Queen Victoria of England. It became a province of Canada in 1905.

3. The people of Alberta originally came from many different countries. More than half of the
Albertans came from Britain. Others came from Austria, Russia and the Scandinavian countries.
As only a small number were French Canadians, who migrated to Alberta from the eastern part of
Canada,
the
major
language
spoken
in
the
province
is
English,
with
the
exception
of
a
few
bilingual towns north of Edmonton. Although there are only a limited number of Indians living on
reservations
now,
two
hundred
years
ago
they
were
the
only
inhabitants
in
what
is
now
called
Alberta.

4. The first settlers of Alberta were cattle ranchers. Even now, raising cattle is still one of the
leading branches of economy. But at present many more Albertans are farmers, who raise millions
of tons of wheat, oats and barley, the also plant sugar beets and potatoes in the southern part of the
province. In the northern part, like the Indians who lived there before them, the hunters trap such
fur-bearing animals as squirrels, beavers and foxes. Alberta is also rich in forest resources, coal
and oil. It is one of the main timber producing provinces in Canada. Owing to its rich deposit in
oil,
petroleum
industry
has
become
one
of
the
most
important
industries
of
the
province,
with
many oil fields and refineries. Alberta also produces more coal than any other province.

5.
The
provincial
capital
Edmonton,
with
a
population
of
about
1,016,000,
is
the
second
largest
city
in
the
province.
The
largest
city
is
Calgary.
In
1967,
it
had
a
population
of
about
330,000.
But
after
a
lapse
of
40
years,
it
now
has
more
than
1,060,000
inhabitants.
The
third
largest city is Lethbridge, having a population of about 67,000 persons. People in those cities work
in meat-packing plants, flour mills, dairies and refineries. Some work in canneries and beet-sugar
factories.
6. The climate in Alberta is pleasant, particularly in summer, when the average temperature is
about
60
degrees
Fahrenheit.
In
winter,
it
is
much
colder
and
in
the
north,
the
temperature
can
drop to 20 degrees below zero. Although the best season for traveling is the summer months of
June, July and August, many tourists are attracted to the first rate skiing ground at the resorts of
Banff and Jasper.
7. Alberta is located in the Mountain Standard Time Zone. 12 o'clock at Noon in Edmonton is
2 . Eastern Standard Time.
1
、阿尔伯达省位 于加拿大的西部，也是草原诸省中最西部的一个省份。它的西边是不
列颠哥伦比亚省，
东部是萨 斯喀彻温省，
它的南部与美国的蒙大拿州接壤，
而北部则与西北
地区相连。
由 于阿尔伯达省风景优美，
人们都很喜欢去那里度假。
纵贯全境的加拿大落矶山
脉为它赢 得了
“
集
50
个瑞士于一省
”
的美名。

2
、该省面积约为
255212
平方英里，相当于
661000
平方 公里，是加拿大第四大省。虽
然它的人口只有
326
万，
仅及上海人口的约五 分之一，
但在加拿大诸省中它的人口数也居第
四位。
阿尔伯达省是以英国维多利亚女皇 的一个女儿路易斯
·
卡洛琳
·
阿尔伯达公主的名字命
名的。它于1905
年成为加拿大的一个省份。

3
、阿尔伯达省的人民最初来自很 多不同的国家。其中一半以上来自英国，另一些人来
自奥地利、
俄国和斯堪地那维亚国家。由于只有少数从加拿大东部迁宋的法裔加拿大人，
因
此除了在埃德蒙顿北部有几个双语种小 镇之外，
该省所使用的主要语言是英语。
现在，
虽然
只有人数有限的印第安人 居住在保留地上，
但是在两百多年前，
他们是居住于现在称之为阿
尔伯达省的唯一居民 。

4
、阿尔伯达省的首批移民是牧场经营者。即使时至今日，畜牧业仍然是经济的主 要部
门之一。但现在阿尔伯达人中更多的是农民，
他们生产成百万吨的小麦、燕麦和大麦。在该
省的南部他们还种植甜菜和土豆。
在北部，
猎人们象生活在他们之前的印第安 人一样捕捉毛
皮兽，诸如松鼠、河狸和狐狸等。阿尔伯达还有丰富的森林资源、煤矿和石油。它是加拿大
木材的主要生产省份之一。
由于该省石油蕴藏量丰富，
石油工业已成为该省最重要的工 业主
一，油田和炼油厂比比皆是。阿尔伯达出产的煤也多于其他任何省份。

5
、省会埃德蒙顿人口约为万，是该省第二大城市。第一大城市是卡尔加里，
1967
年的人口是
33
万，但时隔
40
年之后，它的居民总数已超过
106
万。第三大城市是莱斯桥，
约有
人口
6
、
7
万。这 些城市的居民大多在肉类加工厂、面粉厂、乳制品厂和炼油厂工作。有的
则在罐头食品厂和甜菜制糖厂工 作。

6
、阿尔伯达气候宜人，特别是夏天，
平均气温为华氏
60< br>度左右。冬天的气候则要冷得
多，北部的气温有时可降到零下
20
度。虽说旅游 的最佳季节是
6
、
7
、
8
月的夏季，但是旅
游胜地 班夫和嘉思帕的第一流的滑雪场地也吸引了很多游客。



7
、阿 尔伯达位于山地标准时时区。埃德蒙顿中午
12
点即东部标准时间下午
2
点。



23. The Strenuous Life
（勤奋的生活）

Gentlemen,

1. In speaking to you, men of the greatest city of the West, men of the State which gave to the
country
Lincoln
and
Grant,
men
who
preeminently
and
distinctly
embody
all
that
is
most
American
in
the
American
character,
I
wish
to
preach
not
the
doctrine
of
ignoble
ease
but
the
doctrine of the strenuous life; the life of toil and effort; of labor and strife; to preach that highest
form of success which comes not to the man who desires mere easy peace but to the man who
does
not
shrink
from
danger,
from
hardship,
of
from
bitter
toil,
and
who
out
of
these
wins
the
splendid ultimate triumph.

2. The timid
man, the lazy
man, the
man who distrusts his country, the overcivilized man,
who
has
lost
the
great
fighting,
masterful
virtues,
the
ignorant
man
and
the
man
of
dull
mind,
whose
soul
is
incapable
of
feeling
the
mighty
lift
that
thrills

men
with
empires
in
their
brains
—
all these, of course, shrink from seeing the nation undertake its new duties; shrink from
seeing us build a navy and army adequate to our needs; shrink from seeing us do our share of the
world's work by bringing order out of chaos in the great, fair tropic islands from which the valor
of our soldiers and sailors has driven the Spanish flag. These are the men who fear the strenuous
life, who fear the only national life which is really worth leading. They believe in that cloistered
life
which
saps
the hardy
virtues
in
a
nation,
as
it
saps them
in
the
individual;
or
else
they
are
wedded to that base spirit of gain and greed which recognizes in commercialism
the be-all and
end-all of national life, instead of realizing that, though an indispensable element, it is after all but
one of the many elements that go to make up true national greatness. No country can long endure
if its foundations are not laid deep in the material prosperity which comes from hard unsparing
effort in the fields of industrial activity; but neither was any nation ever yet truly great if it relied
upon material prosperity alone. All honor must be paid to the architects of our material prosperity;
to the great captains of industry who have built our factories and our railroads; to the strong men
who toil for wealth with brain or hand; for great is the debt of the nation to these and their kind.
But our debt is yet greater to the men whose highest type is to be found in a statesman like Lincoln,
a soldier like Grant. They showed by their lives that they recognized the law of work, the law of
strife; they toiled to win a competence for themselves and those dependent upon them; but they
recognized that there were yet other and even loftier duties
—
duties to the nation and duties to the
race.

3. I preach to you, then, my countrymen, that our country calls not for the life of ease, but for
the life of strenuous endeavor. The twentieth century looms before us big with the fate of many
nations. If
we stand idly by, if we seek
merely swollen, slothful ease, and ignoble peace, if we
shrink from the hard contests where men must win at hazard of their lives and at the risk of all
they hold dear, then the bolder and stronger peoples will pass us by and will win for themselves
the domination of the world. Let us therefore boldly face the life of strife, resolute to do our duty
well
and
manfully;
resolute
to
uphold
righteousness
by
deed
and
by
word;
resolute
to
be
both
honest and brave, to serve high ideals, yet to use practical methods. Above all, let us shrink from
no strife, moral or physical, within or without the nation, provided we are certain that the strife is
justified;
for
it
is
only
through
strife,
through
hard
and
dangerous
endeavor,
that
we
shall
ultimately win the goal of true national greatness.

先生们：

1
、在向 你们
——
西部最大城市的公民，为国家培育了林肯和格兰特的国家的公民，最
能体现美 国精神的公民
—
讲话时，
我想谈的不是贪图安逸的人生哲学，
而是要向你们宣 讲勤
奋生活论
——
即过勤奋苦干的生活，
过忙碌奋斗的生活。
我想说 ，
成功的最高境界不属于满
足安逸的人们，而是属于那些在艰难险阻面前从不畏惧终获辉煌的人 们。

2
、凡怯懦、懒惰、不相信祖国的人，谨小慎微丧失坚强斗志的
“文明过头
”
的人、混沌
无知的人、
思想僵化的人、
不能像刚毅有 抱负的人那样被鼓舞振奋的人
——
总之，
当看到国
家有新的责任要承担，当看到祖国正在建立足以满足需要的海陆军，
当看到英勇的士兵和水
手在美丽的热带岛屿上 驱逐西班牙势力，
承担起应尽的世界责任，
恢复当地秩序
——
当看到
这一切时，
所有这些人都退缩了。就是这样一些人，他们害怕过勤奋的生活，害怕过真正值
得过 的国民的生活。
他们相信与世隔绝的生活，
任由这种生活在侵蚀他们个人吃苦耐劳品德
的同时，也侵蚀了一个民族的吃苦耐劳精神。
若不然，他们就沉迷于惟利是图、贪得无厌的
卑污 泥潭而不能自拔，
认为国家应一切以商业利益为根本。
但他们却不明白，
商业利益固然
是不可或缺的因素，
然而毕竟只是造就真正伟大国家的许多因素之一。
诚然，
如果一个国家
不是深深扎根于其工业活动领域的艰苦努力所带来的繁荣的物质基础之中，
那么这 个国家也
不可能长久地生存下去。
但是，
如果仅仅依赖于物质财富，
任何国家 也永远不会成为真正伟
大的国家。
我们应该向那些创造了物质财富的人们致敬，
向那些 创建了工厂和铁路的实业巨
头们致敬，
向那些用勤劳和智慧换取财富的强者们致敬；
国 家很感激他们以及和他们一样的
人。
但是，
我们更感激另外一些人，
他们的最 佳楷模就是林肯那样的政治家和格兰特那样的
军人。
他们的生活轨迹表明，他们清楚工作和斗争 的法则，他们含辛茹苦，
使自己和依赖他
们生活的人们过上了富足的生活，而且他们懂得还有更 崇高的责任
—
对国家和民族的责任。

3
、所以同胞们，我要讲的是 ，我们的国家要求我们不能好逸恶劳，而只能过刻苦勤奋
的生活。迫在眉睫的
20
世纪 将决定许多国家的命运。假如我们只是一味地袖手旁观、贪图
享乐、
苟且偷安，
假如我 们面临激烈的竞争考验时不是冒着牺牲个人生命和失去亲人的危险
去赢得胜利，而是落荒而逃的话，那么 ，更勇敢坚强的民族就会超越我们，得以统领世界。
因此，
让我们勇敢地面对充满斗争考验的生 活，
下定决心卓越而果断地履行我们的职责；
下
定决心无论在语言还是行动上都坚持正 义；
下定决心诚实勇敢地以切实可行的方法为崇高的
理想服务。
最重要的是，
无论是精神还是物质的斗争，无论是国内还是国外的斗争，只要我
们确定正义在手，
我们就绝不 能逃避退缩。
因为只有通过斗争，
通过艰苦和充满危险的努力，
我们才能最终达到目标
—
成为真正伟大的国家。



24. When The Earth Quakes
（地震时刻）

1. On the night of August 17, 1959, at about 20 minutes before midnight, the ground in the
vicinity of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently. At the time there was a rumbling
sound, something like a huge truck would make. Both the heaving of the ground and the noise
were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds.
2.
What
was
even
more
frightening
was
the
sound
of
huge
boulders
which
began
rolling
down
the
steep
mountain.
In
one
part
of
the
upper
reaches
of
the
Madison
River,
a
whole
mountain began shifting, then came crashing down to fill the deep valley and dam the great river
with millions of tons rock and trees.
3.
A dozen
or
more
campers
along
the
river
were
buried
deep beneath
the
great
landslide.
Others
were
able
to
climb
to
safety,
some
of
them
badly
hurt,
but
were
trapped
by
the
slide.
Finally these people were saved, many of them by helicopter.
4. This earthquake near Yellowstone Park was just one of nearly a million that happen every
year all over the world. And as bad as this quake was, many have been worse. Earthquake experts
say that the Yellowstone quake of 1959 was about as bad as the one which hit San Francisco in

the San Francisco quake caused more damage because it struck in a place where there were so
many people living. In San Francisco 700 person lost their lives. An earthquake in Japan in 1923
took 160,000 lives.
In china in 1920 an earthquake took 200,000 lives.
It is easy to understand
why earthquake are so feared.
5. What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground on which we live?
6. To answer that question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. Forty
miles deep in the earth is the edge of the outer crust of the earth, and there it is so hot that instead
of hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts. It is the earth's 40 mile
deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake. The earth's crust is
formed of many different layers of rocks. The layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer
would build a wall. Instead, the earth's crust is made of rock layers that are often uneven and not
perfectly balanced. Because of the great weight pressing down on them, these layers tend to fold
downward
at
weak
spots,
and
this
finally
causes
an
actual
break
in
the
crust.
When
this
break
occurs,
or
when
the
sides
of
an
old
break
slip,
the
earth
quakes,
or
shakes,
while
the
crust
is
settling into a new position.
7. Sometime these faults are very small, and we then feel only little tremor. The tremor may
even be so light that only the most delicate machine will record it. Most earthquakes are of this
weak kind. Sometimes a break in the earth's crust comes about, which starts such a landslide as the
which occurred in Madison Canyon. It then takes not one, but many shakes for the earth to heal
the fault and settle. That is why many after-shocks follow a major earthquake. Sometimes these go
on for several years.
8. Some Parts of the earth are more likely to have quakes then others. This is usually true of
mountainous country, because there the layers of rocks which make up the earth's crust are not at
all even. But quakes may often be felt in level country, too, because the waves which come from
the center of a quake run often for thousands of miles.
9. It is easy to understand why man is so frightened by an earthquake. People used to think
that when there was an earthquake, the ground opened, swallowed great numbers of people, and
then closed, leaving no trace of those who perished. We know now this does not happen.
10.
What
we
need
to
fear
most
are
the
after-effects
of
a
bad
earthquake:
fires,
flood,
and
landslides. Since the Yellowstone earthquake some people have said that they would never go to
that
area
for
fear
of
being
caught
in
a
landslide
such
as
occurred
after
the
earthquake.
That
is
foolish. Such a fear would keep us from mountains the rest of our lives. Even though earthquakes
happen every day, an occurrence like the Madison River landslide does not happen very often. We
can realize gratefully that few of us will suffer because of such disaster. At the same time we can
understand the need of being ready to help those who do suffer such trouble.
1
、
19 59
年
8
月
17
日的晚上，大约午夜前
20
分钟， 黄石国家公园附近大地开始猛烈摇
动。同时，
大地发出如同重型卡车发出的轰响。大地的升降和 啸叫都令人非常害怕，但是一
切不超过
45
秒。

2
、更令 人害怕的是巨石开始从陡峭的山上滚下来的声音。在麦迪生河上游的一条支流
处，一整座山开始移动，< br>之后，
它崩塌下来填满深深的山谷，
上百万吨岩石和大树如坝般阻
挡住大河。< br>
3
、十几个，或许更多沿河的露营者被深埋在大滑坡下。幸存的野营者开始爬向较安全
的地方，其中一些人伤得很重，
仍然不时陷入滑坡。最后这些人都获救了，
其中多人得 救于
直升飞机。

4
、在黄石公园附近发生的地震，仅仅是每年全世界发生的 上百万次地震中的一次。若
就地震灾害而论，有许多地震甚至更严重。地震专家说，
1959< br>年的黄石的地震，差不多相
当于
1906
年发生在旧金山的地震。旧金山地震造 成更多的破坏，他发生在人口密集地方。
在旧金山约
700
人丧命。
1923
年发生在日本的地震夺走了
16
万人的生命。
1920
年一场大地< br>震发生在中国，
20
万人死亡。因此，很容易理解人们为什么非常恐惧地震。

5
、是什么原因造成我们生活的这块土地发生可怕的摇动？

6
、要 回答这个问题，必须首先要了解关于地球自身的某些事物。地表面下
40
英里深，
是地 球外壳的边缘，
此处非常之热，
如同火山喷出的岩浆般的物质替代了坚硬的岩石。
若我
们寻求地震的原因，这
40
英里地壳恰恰是我们应该关心的地带。地壳由很多不同岩石 层构
成。
而岩层并不像建筑工人建的墙一样均匀地平整铺开，
相反的，
岩层构 成的地壳也往往是
不均匀且不是完美平衡的。由于巨大重量向下压岩层，使它趋于在它的薄弱点处往下折 叠，
这最后将造成地壳里的某处断裂。
当断裂发生时，
或者旧的断裂块滑动时，
地球震动、
摇动，
以使地壳安排它进入一个新位置。

7
、有些时 候这些断裂非常小，我们仅仅能感到微小的颤动。这种颤动甚至轻到最精密
的设备才可能记录它们。大多数地震属于这种类型。
也有些时候地壳的一个断裂发生了，
引
起如同在麦迪生 峡谷发生的大滑坡。
这种大地震往往不是一次，
而是很多次的移动，
使地球
去 修补裂缝和调整（岩层的）姿态。
这就是为什么很多余震紧跟在一个大地震之后。有时这
种情况 要持续多年。

8
、地球的某部分比其它部分更容易发生地震。山地国家往往这样。山 地区域构成地壳
的岩层特别不均匀。
但是，
平原国家也会经常感觉到地震，
因 为从震源发出的震波往往可以
传出上千里。

9
、很容易理解为什么人特别害 怕地震。人们过去认为，当某个地方发生了地震，即大
地裂开，吞下大量的人，
然后又合上，人 们被不留痕迹地毁灭。现在我们知道这一切从来不
曾发生。

10
、实际上我 们需要更多担心的是一个大地震的震后影响：火灾、洪水、和滑坡。自从
黄石地震后，
一些人说 ，
他们因为害怕被发生在地震后的大滑坡伤害，
再也不会去那个地方。
这是愚蠢的。< br>这种恐惧将使我们终生远离大山。
尽管地震每天都在发生，
像麦迪生河大滑坡
似 的事件却不是经常发生。
我们能够意识到，
只有我们中的极少数可能受到地震灾害的伤害。同时，我们也能理解，遭受那种灾害伤害的人正需要其它人的帮助。




Fish
（热带鱼）

1. A small boy lay flat on his stomach in the royal garden of the King of Hawaii. Looking
into
the
water
and
very
excited,
young
Austin
Strong
saw
shapes
of
double- tailed
goldfish-
a
recent gift from the Emperor of Japan to His Oceanic Majesty, King Kalakaua. Austin lowered a
bent pin attached to a piece of string.
2. A few minutes later he ran from the park, a royal goldfish flopping inside the crown of his
straw hat. But on the road he heard a horse and carriage. It stopped. He was caught.
3. The frightened boy was led to the carriage. In it was King Kalakaua himself. Austin told of
his crime. He had stolen the fancy goldfish.
4.
Austin
expected
to
be
shot
on
the
spot.
Instead,
the
king
sent
a
runner
for
fresh
water.
Placing the fish in the bowl, he presented it to the boy and took them home. The next day came an
envelope with the royal seal. Inside was a letter signed by King Kalakaua giving Austin the right
to fish in the royal park for the rest of his life.
5. Today
fish
collecting
is
still
an
exciting
hobby
in
the
Unite
States.
More
the
20 million
Americans own pet fish. Some raise plain or fancy goldfish, some collect fish found nearby. But
the
majority
stock
their
tanks
with

and
gouramies,
bettas
and
angelfish,
or
others of the more than 150 kinds.
6. Fish collectors pay from 19 cents for a guppy to $$100 or more for hard-to-breed fish. They
subscribe
to
such
magazines
as
The
Aquarium,
and
join
clubs.
They
also
spend
more
than
a
million
dollars
a
year
for
fish,
tanks,
planes(
应为
plants),
sand,
shells,
food
and
gadgets
for
heating and cleaning aquariums.

tropical fish dates back to World War
Ⅱ
in this country. But raising of pet fish goes back to
the early days of the Sung Dynasty in China, about 900 ., when they were raised in small bottles as
house pets.
8. They chose a small member of carp family, Carassius auratus, better known as the goldfish.
From
them
they
obtained
different
shaped
and
colored
fish.
There
developed
more
than
100
beautiful
kinds
with
such
names
as
Falling
Flowers,
Seven
Stars,
Eight
Melon
Seeds,
Piled-up-Gold,
As
Europeans
began
to
go
the
Far
East
in
numbers
during
the
17th
century,
it
happened that they too grew to like the little carp. A jar-full of goldfish was then taken on a long
sea trip back to
London in

the late 18th century the fish were widely popular in
England and
soon the goldfish bowl was seen in many homes.
9. In 1853 the world's first public aquarium- The Regent's Park Fish House- was opened. So
far, home aquarium contained only goldfish or other local plant life. Then from the Amazon and
the Congo, from Pacific Island and West Indian reefs, scientists began to send home hundreds of
strange, beautiful fish. Many of them have become popular pets. They are called tropicals.
10. Today a busy aquarium store may sell up to $$20,000 worth of fish in a good year. The
most sold are still tropicals, especially guppies, swordtails and millies, which people like because
of their bright colors and because they provide the tank with new young fish.
11. Some hobbyists often turn to egg-laying types like the angel- fish, the striped zebras, and
the
neons.
Fancy
goldfish,
too,
are
collected
more
now.
There
is
also
an
interest
in
sea
horses,
puffers, clown fish and other salty types with shapes more strange and colors brighter than even
the showiest of fresh-water fish. But there are only a few collectors of this type. It costs $$50 or
more to set up a good salt water aquarium. The fish themselves cost a lot, too.
12. The appeal of collecting fish seems to be one which will last. An aquarium is a picture
window of the underwater world. A piece of the universe where great things happen- birth, life and
death; mating and feeding before our eyes.
13. The swift, bright fish of this world have a great beauty. Millions continue to regard them
as a very fine sight.
1
、
一个小男孩趴在夏威夷国王的皇家花园的地上，
小奥斯汀
·
斯特朗非常激动 地望着水
里，
因为他看到了形状各异的双尾金鱼，
它是日本天皇送给夏威夷国王陛下卡 拉卡瓦的一个
新礼物。奥斯汀放下一个细绳系住的弯针。

2
、几分钟后他从 公园里跑出来，一条宝贵的金鱼躺在他的草帽壳里。但是，他听到了
路上有马车的声音。马车停下来，他 被抓住了。

3
、受惊的孩子被领到马车前。在马车里的是卡拉卡瓦国王本人。奥斯汀 承认了自己的
罪过，他偷了奇异的金鱼。

4
、奥斯汀预料自己会被当场枪毙 。然而，国王派了个快腿的人去取来新鲜水，然后把
金鱼放在碗里，
把它送给了那个男孩并把他 们送回家。
第二天奥斯汀收到一件用皇家印记密
封的信封。里面是卡拉卡瓦国王签署信，他授予 奥斯汀可以终身在皇家花园钓鱼的权利。

5
、在今天的美国，养鱼依然是一种激动人 心的爱好。有超过两千万的美国人拥有自己
的观赏鱼。
一些人养普通或者奇特的金鱼，一些人喂 养在附近捕到的鱼。但是，鱼缸中最主
要的品种是
“
热带鱼
”—
虹鳉 和丝足鱼，贝塔和天使鱼，或者其它什么鱼，超过一百五十种。

6
、
养鱼爱 好者可以为虹鳉支付
19
美分，
也可能为某种难以繁殖的鱼付一百多美元。
他
们订阅诸如
“
水族馆
”
这样的杂志，
并且加入俱乐部。他们一年花费超过一百万美元，
用于鱼、
鱼缸、水草、沙子、贝壳、鱼食，以及用于加热和 清洁鱼缸的器具。

7
、在（美国）这个国家里，收养热带鱼的习惯可以追溯到第二次 世界大战。但是，人
们饲养观赏鱼可以追溯到中国宋朝早期，
大约公元
900
年左右。
当时，
观赏鱼作为家庭宠物
饲养在小瓶子里。

8
、
人们选择了鲤鱼族的一个小成员，
CARASSIUSAURATUS,
如同金鱼一 样很早就被人
所熟识了。
从它开始，久而久之，人们获得了种种不同外形和色彩的观赏鱼。观赏 鱼种类扩
展到一百个美丽的品种，
它们有的带着奇特的名字：
落花、
七星、< br>八颗瓜子、
黄金细毛等等。
十七世纪，大批的欧洲人开始去远东，奇怪的是他们也开始喜 欢这种小鲤鱼。于是在
1665
年，一个装满了金鱼的坛子经过漫长的海上旅行被带到伦敦。到
18
世纪晚期，在英国喂养
这种金鱼已经很流行，在许多家庭都能看到金鱼碗。

9
、
1853
年，世界第一个公共水族馆：
REGENT
公园观赏鱼之家开放了。不过，到此时
为止，
家庭的水族馆仍然仅仅喂养金鱼和其它本地水生 植物。
之后，
科学家们带给水族馆数
以百计奇特而美丽的鱼，
它们来自世界各 地：
从亚马孙河到刚果，
从太平洋岛到西印度暗礁。
它们之中的许多品种已经成为流行 宠物。人们叫它热带鱼。

10
、
如今，
一所兴旺的水族商店在好年 份一年可以销掉价值两万美元的观赏鱼。
大部分
卖出的依然是热带鱼，尤其是虹鳉，
剑 尾鱼和米莉。人们喜欢这些鱼的明亮颜色，
而且它们
能给水族馆提供新的年轻的生命。

11
、某些内行人常常喜欢喂养产卵型观赏鱼，像天使鱼、斑纹鱼、和霓虹脂鲤。奇特的
金鱼现在也被更多喂养。
甚至某些人对海马、
海豚、小丑鱼，
以及其它比绚丽的淡水 鱼外形
更加奇特、
颜色更加耀眼的海水鱼特别感兴趣。
但是这种类型的养鱼人很少。< br>毕竟建立一个
好的海水水族馆至少要花
50
美元。购买观赏鱼本身的花费也相当 大。

12
、
喂养观赏鱼的风气似乎会持续下去。
一个水族馆就是水 底世界的一面窗户，
一块发
生种种伟大事件的宇宙，出生、生存和死亡，交配和哺育皆在人们眼 前。

13
、
这个世界的敏捷和明亮的观赏鱼有着奇异的美，
而千千 万万的人们将继续视它们为
一道美丽的风景。



26. Hints to Improve Spoken English
（提高英语口语须知）

1.
Speaking
English
fluently
and
accurately
is
a
goal
of
many
people
studying
English
in
China. Fluency can be simply defined as
and
think
too
much
about
what
one
is
saying
speaking
accurately
means

without
errors of grammar and vocabulary

2.
The
problem
is
that
many
students
find
that
if
they
try
to
speak
fast,
they
make
more
mistakes. And, if they slow down, there may be fewer errors but it can sound unnatural. So, how
do balance accuracy and fluency in spoken English?

3. It can depend on the manner in which one has studied English in the past. People who tend
to focus on accuracy may find that they worry too much about making mistakes. This can make
them nervous or embarrassed about speaking English in public. As a result, their spoken English
might not improve. This means that, although they know English grammar and vocabulary well,
they might not be able to hold a good conversation.

4.
On
the
other
hand,
there
are
those
who
really
like
to
talk
and
are
willing
to
try
their
language out even if they make mistakes. This willingness to take risks helps them speak more
fluidly. But, if they make a lot of mistakes, they may find it difficult to get their ideas across.

5. The debate about which is more important
—
fluency or accuracy
—
in the English language
has lasted for a long time. Still, one thing is clear: speaking a language well needs both fluency