motorway【译林牛津版】英语选修六：Unit3重点词汇讲解和练习(含答案)

2021年1月20日发(作者：eniac)

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重点词汇讲解

本单元重点词汇讲解：

1.
…
and hens are thought to
ensure
good luck for the marriage. (p34)
ensure (ensured, ensured, ensuring)

①

保证；担保
[+that][+v-ing]: To make sure or certain; insure
ensure success [safety, supplies]
保证成功
[
安全，供应
]
1) I can't ensure his being on time.
我不能保证他的准时。

2) I can't ensure that he will be there on time.
我不能担保他会及时到那儿。

3) This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.
这药将保证你一晚睡眠良
好。

②

使安全，保护
[(+from/against)]
These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.
这些安全设施是为了保护工人不出事故。


2.
…

And
everyone
congratulated

t
he
new
couple
because
it
was
considered
very
lucky.
(p34)
①

祝贺；恭喜
[(+on/upon)]
1) I congratulate you on your great discovery.

我祝贺你的伟大发现。

2) I want to congratulate you with all my heart.

我衷心地祝贺你。

②
(
后接
oneself)
自我庆幸
[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.
他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。


3.
Another
difference
is
that
while
we
serve
food,
soft
drinks,tea
and
coffee,alcohol
is not
permitted
at the wedding reception
—
in fact, alcohol is altogether
prohibited
in Brunei. (p34)
permit
(
permitted, permitted, permitting)

⑴

及物动词

vt.

①

允许，许可，准许
[O1][+
v
.-ing] [O2]
1) They permitted her to leave.
他们允许她离开。

2) I don't think they would permit this.
我想他们不会准许这事。

②
(
不用被动式
,
常用物做主语
)
允许，容许

These stores do not permit sales of alcoholic beverages.
这些商店
不准出售含酒
精饮料。

⑵

不及物动词

vi.
允许，容许
[(+of)]
1) I will write another novel if my eyes permit.
如果我的视力许可
,
我还要再写一
本小说。

2) We'll discuss both questions if time permits.
如果时间允许
,
我们将把两个问题都讨论一下。

[
拓展
] allow
与
permit
的用法区别


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1

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(1)
两者均可表示“允许”，其区别是



permit
通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而

allow
通常指消
极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。如：


1) Nothing
is
permitted;
everything
is
allowed.

一切都没明文规定可以做，但一切做了也无妨。


2) The
nurse
allowed
him
to
remain
there
，
though
it
was
not
permitted.

护士让他留在那儿，而按规定那是不许可的。

(2)
从用法上看，两者后接动词作宾语时，均要用动名词形式，而不能用不定式。如：


1) We
don’t

allow
[permit]
swimming
in
the
pool.

我们不许在池子里游泳。



但
是若其后接有名词或代词，那么其后须接不定式。如：

2) We
don’t

allow
[permit]
children
to
swim
in
the
pool.

我们不许孩子们在池子里游泳。

prohibit
vt.
(prohibited,

prohibited,

prohibiting) prohibit sb. from doing sth.

① (以法令，规定等
)
禁止
[(+from)]
Smoking is prohibited in the office building.
办公楼内禁止抽
烟。

②妨碍，阻止；使不可能
[(+from)][+v-ing]
The high cost of the machine prohibits its widespread
[
拓展
]
prohibit
，
ban
，
forbid
的用法区别

ban


n/.vt .
“禁止，禁令”
(=formal prohibition)
，指合法地或由于社会压力而禁
止，含谴责或

不赞成的态度，通常搭配形式：
ban ... from sth./doing sth.
。

forbid

vt.

“禁止， 不许”，普通用语，比
prohibit
通俗，用于较小事物，或个人、上
级、

官方、
长辈做出的禁止命令、规定，
或客观条件不允许，
通常搭配形式< br>:forbid
sb.
to
do sth.
。

prohibit
vt.
“禁止
,
不准”
(=forbid by authority)
，指通过法律、法令、警告等作出
禁止命令的

规定或规则，通常搭配形式：
prohibit sb. from sth/doing sth.
。


4. In Brunei that can cause
offence
, so we use our thu
mb to point.
offence

n.

犯罪，冒犯，违反，罪过，过错
n.
[
军
]
攻击习惯用语

an offence against
违反
commit an offence against
违反；破坏


5.
It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to
adjust
to doing
that.
adjust
vt.


①

调节；改变……以适应
[(+to)]
She must learn to adjust herself to English life.
她必须学会适应英国的生活。


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