专利翻译2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析

2021年1月20日发(作者：whom)
2016
年
6
月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析
(
第< br>1
套
)

Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
some
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the
centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face
tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed
by the Federal Trade Commission.
The commission's revised
that make broad claims, like
on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much
of the product is recycled.

when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling
a product,
The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to
a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream
magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the
number dropped to 9%.
But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a
rapid
spread
of
ecolabeling.
There
are
both
good
and
bad
players
in
the
eco-labeling game.
In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and
environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don't always know what they
are getting.
A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused
of
using
misleading
environmental
labels.
In
2008
and
2009,
class-action
lawsuits (
集体诉讼
) were filed against SC Johnson for using
its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it
gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when
the certification was the company's own.

believe that we will prevail in these cases,
affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that
that is difficult to navigate.
Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other's green
claims.
David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in
the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims
companies
were
bringing
against
each
other
for
false
or
misleading
environmental product claims.

never even heard of and I'm in this industry, said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive
officer of Sustainable Business Consulting.
can claim themselves to be green.
. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made
it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay
attention to.

46. What do the revised
A) Manufacture as many green products as possible.
B) Indicate whether their products are recyclable.
C) Specify in what way their products are green.
D) Attach green labels to all of their products.
47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green
claims?
A) They can easily see through the businesses' tricks.
B) They have to spend lots of time choosing products.
C) They have doubt about current green certification.
D) They are not clear which products are truly green.
48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?
A) It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.
B) It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally
friendly.
C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third
party.
D) It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official
49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company's labeling practice?
A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.
B) His company's products had been well received by the public.
C) It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.
D) No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.
50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying
，
Para. 11)?
A) Businesses compete to produce green products.
B) Each business acts its own way in green labeling.
C) Consumers grow wild with products labeled green.
D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
America's
education system has
become
less
a
ladder
of
opportunity than
a
structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.
That's why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity
and national conscience. It's not just about education, but about poverty and
justice.
It's true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn't teachers' unions,
but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers'
，
unions have schools at
least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think
that they shouldn't be held accountable until poverty is solved. There're steps
we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is
trying some of them
—
yet the union is resisting.
I'd be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers
need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation's
worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political
capital primarily to protect weak performers.
There's solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of
teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars
found
that
even
in
high-poverty
schools,
teachers
consistently
had
a
huge
positive or negative impact.
Get a bottom 1% teacher
, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of
the school year
. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone
to school for an extra month or two.
The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised
the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a
strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become
mothers
as
teenagers,
a
bit
more
likely
to
go
to
college
and
earning
more
money at age 28.
How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that's a challenge. But
researchers
are
improving
systems
to
measure
a
teacher's
performance
throughout the year
, and, with three years of data, ifs usually possible to tell
which teachers are failing.
Unfortunately,
the
union
in
Chicago
is
insisting
that
teachers
who
are
laid
off
—
often
for
being
ineffective
—
should
get
priority
in
new
hiring.
That's
an
insult to students.
Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay
and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers.
This isn't a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central
figures
in
the
Chicago
schools
strike
are
neither
strikers
nor
managers
but
350,000
children.
Protecting
the
union
demand
sacrifices
those
students,
in
effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system.

51. What do we learn about America's education system?
A) It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy.
B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.
C) It has remained basically unchanged for generations.
D) It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.
52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city
schools?
A) Unqualified teachers. C) Unfavorable learning environment.
B) Lack of financial resources. D) Subconscious racial discrimination.
53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support?
A) Assist the city government in reforming schools. C) Demand higher pay for
teachers.
B)
Give
constructive
advice
to
inner-city
schools.
D)
Help
teachers
improve
teaching.
54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia
University scholars?
A) Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.
B) A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.
C) Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers.
D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.
55. Why does the author say the Chicago unions demand is an insult to students?
A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students.
B) It underestimates students, ability to tell good teachers from poor ones.
C) It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.
D) It totally ignores students
，
initiative in the learning process.
答案：

46 [C]
【定位】根据题干中的

the revised “Green Guides”
定位至第

2
段。

【解析】本题问
“
绿色指南
”
修订版要求商家怎么做。第

2
段首句指出联邦贸易委员会警告
商家不得使用诸如
“
生态友好的
”
之类表达宽泛的标签。
第

2
句指出商家须具体怎么做
,
包括
要证明其产品包装上的描述属实、明确具体的益处。
C
项
“
具体说明其产品为何是绿色的
”
与原文吻合，其中

Specify
为原文中

specific
的同义表达，故选

C
项。

【干扰项排除】
A
项
“
制造尽可能多的绿色产品
”
并非联邦贸易委员会的要求。联邦贸 易委
员会要求商家使其产品的益处具体化，如写明产品中有多少可回收成分，而非

B
项
“
指出
其产品是否可回收
”
。文章并未提及

D
项
“
所有产品贴上绿色标签
”
。

47 [D]
【定位】根据题干中的

an explosion of green claims
定位至第

6
段。

【解析】本题问作者对于消费者在面对绿色环保宣传泛滥时的表现有何看法。第

6
段首句
指出在过去

5
年左右的时间里，声称绿色环保的宣传呈爆发状态。第

2
句指出消费者并
不总是了解他们要购买的产品。
D
项
“
他 们并不清楚哪种产品才是真正绿色环保的
”
与原文
相符，故为答案。

【干扰项排除】
A
项
“
他们能轻易看穿营销陷阱
”
与文中说的
“
消费者不总是了解
”
不符。
上文
虽提到消费 者选购产品时会觉得迷惑，但不能由此得出

B
项
“
他们必须花费 大量时间来挑
选产品
”
。
文中有两处提到
“
绿色认证
”
，
其一是庄臣公司遭到集体诉讼的事例，
但并未提及
“
集
体诉讼
”
是消费者发起的，故不能得出

C
项
“
他们对当前的绿色认证存在疑虑
”
。

48 [C]
【定位】根据题干中的

SC Johnson
和

the class-action lawsuits
定位至第

7
段第

2
句。

【解析】
本题询问在集体诉讼案 中，
庄臣公司被指控的罪名是什么。
第

7
段第

2
句指出，
2008
到

2009
年间，< br>庄臣公司遭到集体诉讼，
被指在其清洁产品上使用
“
绿色清单
”
标签。
第

3
句指出诉讼认为该标签具有误导性，原因是
“会使消费者误认为该产品已通过第三方
认证
”
。
C
项
“
它误导消费者相信他们的产品已获得第三方认证
”
与原文意思一致，其中

misled
对应原文的

misleading,
故

C
项为答案。

【干扰项排除】
A
项
“
它让消费者认为其所有产品都是真正的绿色产品
”
，涉案的只是庄臣
公司的清洁产品 ，并未说是其所有产品，
A
项可排除。本文未提及庄臣公司
“
授权第三方为
其产品打上环保标签
”
和
“
销售不在官方
?
绿色清 单
?
中的清洁产品
”
，
故

B
、
D
两项也可排除。

49[A]
【定位】根据题干中的

Christopher Beard
定位至第

8
段。

【解析】本题询问

Christopher Beard
如何为该公司的标签行为作辩解。本段讲到

Christopher Beard
对本公司在绿色清单体系所取得的成就感到骄傲，并且 相信他们能在
这些
“
集体诉讼
”
案子里胜出，然而他也承认这个（绿 色标签）领域很难规范、指引。由此可
知，
Christopher Beard
认 为那时候在绿色标签事项上没有明确的指导方针，刚好对应文
章开头说的如今美国联邦贸易委员会关于绿 色标签的提议，因此

A
项为答案。

【干扰项排除】
虽 然使用生态环保标签是市场风行的做法，
但是无法确定给产品加上自己公
司的认证这一做法是否 普遍，而且

C
项
“
符合市场的普遍做法
”
也不是

Christopher
Beard
的辩护观点，故不选。文章未提及

B
项
“
其公司产品广为公众接受
”
和

D
项
“
法律
不要求第三方认证
”
，也可排除。

50[B]
【定位】根据题干直接定位至第

11
段第

2
句。

【解析】本题询问凯文
?
威廉引用的

Wild West
所指的意义。第

11
段第

2
句先指出当
前绿色认证的乱象犹如往昔的
“
西大荒
”< br>，
随后指出具体乱在哪些方面：
人人都可以宣称自己
是环保的，与历史上美国西 部拓荒时期的无政府混乱状态如出一辙，因此

B
项
“
每家公司< br>在绿色标签这方面都有自己的做法
”
与该句表述相符，为本题答案。

【干扰项排除】文章指出各公司竞相推出各自的绿色环保宣传或广告，而非
“
竞相生产绿色产品
”
，
故排除

A
项。
C
项
“
消费者对有绿色标签的产品很狂热
”
、
D
项
“
西部地区所生产的
任何产品都可以标记为绿色产品
”
曲解了

“the Wild West”
中

wild
和

west
的意义。


51[B]
【定位】根据题干中的

America's education system
定位至第

1
段。

【解析】
本题询问文章对美国教育系统的评价。
文章首段即明确指出作者的观点：
美 国的教
育系统不再是通往机遇的阶梯，
已然成为将不平等代代相传的体系。
可见作者认 为教育原本
具有的消除不平等的功能已不存在，
B
项
“
对消除不平等毫无作用
”
为答案。

【干扰项排除】第

1
句指出美国的教育系统不再是通往机遇的阶梯，但并 非变成了
“
为富
人提供通往机遇的阶梯
”
，故排除

A
项。后半句指出教育系统变成了将不平等代代相传的
体系，并不是指教育系统不变，
C
项
“
几代人以来基本上保持不变
”
曲解其意，故排除；文
章 未提及教育体系具有

D
项
“
将几代人培养成有责任感的公民
”
的功能，也可排除。

52 [B]
【定位】根据题干中的

inner-city schools
定位至第

3
段第

1
句。

【解析】本题询问内城区学校表现不佳的主要原因。第

3
段首句指出，内城区学校表现糟
糕的主要原因不是教师工会，而是

poverty(
贫穷）。与

poverty
同义的

B
项
“
缺乏财政
来源
”
为答案。题干中的

is chiefly responsible for
对应原文的

main reason,
undesirable performance
对应

do poorly
。

【干扰项排除】原文中只是提到主要原因不在于教师工会，而是贫穷，
A
项
“
不合格教师
”
非主要原因。文章内容未涉及

C
项
“
不良的学习环境
”
和

D
项
“
潜意识的种族歧视
”
，也可
排除。

53[C]
【定位】根据题干中的

the union
及题干询问内容可定位至第

4
段第

1
、
2
句。

【解析】
本题询问作者的观点，< br>工会应该如何作为来赢得公众支持。
上段末尾提到工会抵制
市长采取的一些措施，本段第

1
句提出了作者的观点：如果工会只是致力于获取更高的补
偿，他会赞同
(sympathetic)
。第

2
句进一步说明为什么工会应 该致力于获取更高的补偿
金：只有高薪才能够吸引优秀人才到贫困地区的学校任教。因此工会应该
“
为教师争取更高
的报酬
”,C
项正确。

【干扰项排除】工会抵制了市长采取的一些措施，
A
项
“
帮助市政 府改革学校
”
可排除。基
于本文，教师工会的职能主要是为教师提供保护和争取福利， 不包括

B
项
“
为内城区学校
提供建设性的建议
”
和

D
项
“
帮助教师提高教学质量
”
。

54 [D]
【定位】根据题干中的

the gold standard study, Harvard and Columbia
University scholars
定位至第

5
段第

2
句。

【解析】本题询问哈佛大学和哥伦比亚大学的学者开展的金标准研究的结果。因此该句

found
后的宾语从句即为答案：即使是在极度贫困地区的学校，教师也总是会对教育产生
巨大的，或积极或消极的影响。因此，
D
项
“
学生的表现与教师密 切相关
”
为答案，体现了
教师对教育所产生的影响。题干中的

finding
是原文

found
的词性转换。
< br>【干扰项排除】
文章中提及部分内城区学校的师资不佳，
但并非该研究发现的结果，因此

A
项
“
很多内城区学校的教师无法胜任他们的工作”
可排除。
文章未提及内城区学校学生的行为
以及他们对教师的态度，
因 此

B
项
“
大部分内城区的孩子经常翘课
”
和

C
项
“
很多学生对他
们的教师不满
”
也可排除。

55 [A]
【定位】根据题干中的

Chicago union's, demand
和

an insult to students
定
位至最后三段。

【解析】本题询问为什么说芝加哥工会的要求是对学生的侮辱。第

9
段指 出芝加哥工会坚
持认为那些被解聘的
（通常是不称职的）
教师拥有优先聘用权，
作者认为这对学生是个侮辱，
第

10
和第

11 < br>段对此作具体解释，指出不应过度保护这些人的工作权益，一旦满足工会
要求、保护这些人的权益 ，学生的权益就会被牺牲掉。因此

A
项
“
以牺牲学生为代价保护
不称职的教师
”
为答案，
at the expense of
是原文中

sacrifices
的同义转换。

【干扰项排除】文章未涉及工会对学生辨别和学习能力的评估，
B
项
“
低估了学生辨别好老
师和坏老师的能力
”
、
D
项
“
完全忽视学生在学习过程中的主动性
”
均可排除。文章未提及歧
视问题，
C
项
“
让学生感到在多方面遭受歧视
”
也可排除。


2016
年
6
月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析
(
第< br>2
套
)
Directions
:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s
ome questionsor
unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choic
es marked A. , B. , C. and D..You should decide on the best choice and mark t
he corresponding letter on Answer sheet with asingle line through the centre.

Passage

One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Facing water shortages and escalating
fertilizer
costs, fanners in developing c
ountries are usingraw sewage (
下
水
道
污
水
）
to
irrigate
and
fertilize
nearly 49 million acres of cropland, accordingto a new
report
—
and it may not be a bad thing.
While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are out
weighed by the
social
and economic gains for poor
urban
farmers and consum
ers who need
affordable
food.

potential
for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt gr
eat numbers of
urban
consumers,
The report focused on poor
urban
areas, where farms in or near cities
supply

relatively
inexpensive
food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water fro
m local rivers or developed cities, however
, these areas lack
adva
nced
water-treatment facilities, andrivers
effectively
become sewers (
下水道
).
When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing dise
ase- causing
bacteria
, as do consumers who eat the
produce
raw and unwashe
d. Nearly 2.2 million peopledie each year because of diarrhea-
related
(
与
腹
泻
相
关
的
) diseases, according to WHO than 80% of those cases can b
e attributed to contact with
contaminated
water and alack of proper
sanitation
. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the
social
and econ
omic benefits of using
untreated
human waste to grow food outweigh the heal
thrisks.
Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he sai
d, while the freewater and nutrients from human waste can help
urban
farmer
s in developing countries to
escape

poverty
.
Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of
global

fresh waterconsumption.
In poor
, dry regions,
untreated
wastewater is the only
viable
irrigation
source

to keep fannersin business. In some cases, water is so
scarce
that farmers br
eak open sewage pipestransporting waste to local rivers.
Irrigation is the
primary
agricultural use of human waste in the developing wo
rld. Butfrequently
untreated
human waste harvested from lavatories is deliver
ed to farms and
spread
as
fertilizer
.
In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are
eventually

cooked,minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With
fertilize
r
prices jumping nearly50% per metric ton over the last year in some places,
human waste is an
attractive
, and oftennecessary,
alternative
.
In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical
fertilizer
use can be
avoided. The mudcontains the same
critical
nutrients.

strict
standards often fail,
rt, said.

planet
, so waste with little or
no treatment will be usedin agriculture for good reason.

46. What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?
A. Its risks cannot be overestimated.
B. It should be
forbidden
altogether
.
C. Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.
D. It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.
47. What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?
A. Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become
contaminated
.
B. It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.
C. Farmers and consumers may be
affected
by harmful
bacteria
.
D. It will make the farm
produce
less
competitive
on the market.
48. What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel's attitude towards the use of

untreated
human waste in agriculture?
A. Favorable.
B. Skeptical.
C. Indifferent.
D. Responsible.
49. What does Pay Drechsel think of the risks involved in using
untreated
hu
man waste forfarming?
A. They have been somewhat
exaggerated
.
B. They can be dealt with through education.
C. They will be minimized with new technology.
D. They can be addressed by improved
sanitation
.
50. What do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human w
aste for farming?
A. He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the
issue
.
B. He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally's
conclusion
.
C. He thinks it the only way out of the
current
food crisis.
D. He deems it
indispensable
for combating
global

poverty
.

Passage

Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high- cholesterol take-a
ways andmicrowaved ready- meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a
vehi
cle
for
celebrity
makes it odd that the
kitchen
has become the he
art of the modem house: what thegreat hall was to the
medieval

castle
, the
ki
tchen
is to the 21st-century home.
The money spent on kitchens has risen with their
status
. In America the
kitch
en
market is nowworth $$170 billion, five times the country's film industry. In t
he year to August 2007, IKEA, aSwedish furniture chain, sold over one million
kitchens worldwide. The average
budget
for a
kitchen

overhaul
in 200
6, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $$54,000;even a
minor


improvement
cost on average $$18,000.
Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the
kitchen
: Robinson& Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, o
ffers a Georgian-style onewhich would cost
￡
145,000-155,000
—
excluding bui
lding,
plumbing
and electrical work. Its bigselling point is that nobody else will
have it:
kitchen
anywhere else in theworld.
The
elevation
of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of d
esign showcasefor the modem family tells the story of a century of
social
cha
nge. Right into the early 20thcentury, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, gen
erally located underground, or to the back ofthe house, and as far from living
space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were forservants, and th
e aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.
But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housek
eeping became amatter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pionee
rs of a
radical
new way of thinkingabout the
kitchen
was Catharine Esther Bee
cher
, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In AmericanWoman's Home, published i
n 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific
approach
tohousehold
management, designed to
enhance
the
efficiency
of a woman's work and
pro
mote
order
.
Many
contemporary
ideas about
kitchen
design can be traced back to another
American,Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the
efficiency
of the h
ousewife. Her 1919 work,Household Engineering: Scientific Management in th
e Home, was based on
detailedobservation
of a housewife's daily
routine
. She
borrowed the
principle
of
efficiency
on thefactory floor and applied it to
dome
stic
tasks on the
kitchen
floor
.
Frederick's central idea, that
stove
,
sink
and
kitchen
table must be placed in s
uch a relationthat useless steps are avoided entirely
inspired
the first fully fi
tted
kitchen
, designed in the1920s by Margarete Schü
tter-Lihotsky. It was a
modernist

triumph
, and many elementsremain central features of today's
kitc
hen
.

51. What does the author say about the
kitchen
of today?
A. It is where housewives
display
their cooking skills.
B. It is where the family entertains important guests.
C. It has become something odd in a modem house.
D. It is regarded as the center of a modem home.
52. Why does the Georgian-style
kitchen
sell at a very high price?