一流2017年6月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版

2021年1月20日发(作者：liberating)
2017
年
6
月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版


Part
Ⅰ


Directions:
Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational
college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are
required to write at least
150
words but no more than
200
words.

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Part
Ⅱ

ListeningComprehension
(30minutes)

Section A
Directions :
In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then
mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1
with a single line through
the centre.

1
2017
年
6
月大学英语六级考试真题
(
第
1
套
)
Writing
(30minutes)
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1.

A) He wouldfeelinsulted.
B) He would feel verysad.
C) He wouldbeembarrassed.
D) He would bedisappointed.
2.

A) They are worthy ofa prize.
B) They are of littlevalue.
C)

They makegoodreading.
D) They needimprovement.
3.

A) He seldom writes a book straightthrough.
B)

He writes several bookssimultaneously.
C)

He draws on his real- lifeexperiences.
D)

He often turns to his wife forhelp.
4.

A) Writing a book is just like watching a footballmatch.
B)

Writers actually work every bit as hard asfootballers.
C)

He likes watching a football match after finishing abook.
D)

Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing abook.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.

A)Achievements of black male athletes in college.
B)

Financial assistance to black athletes incollege.
C)

High college dropout rates among blackathletes.
D)

Undergraduate enrollments of blackathletes.
6.

A) They display great talent in every kind ofgame.
B)

They are better at sports than at academicwork.
C)

They have difficulty finding money to complete theirstudies.
D)

They make money for the college but often fail to earn adegree.
7.

A)About15%.
B) Around40%.
C)

Slightlyover50%.
D) Approximately70%.
8.

A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduatethem.
B)

College degrees do not count much tothem.
C)

They have little interest in academicwork.
D)

Schools do not deem it a seriousproblem.
Section B

Directions:
In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage,
you
will
hear
three
or
four
questions.
Both
the
passage
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1
with a single line
through the centre.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.

A)Marketingstrategies.
C)Shoppingmalls.
10.

A) About 50% of holidayshoppers.
B)

About 20-30% of holidayshoppers.
C)

About 136million.
D)

About 183.8million.
11.

A) They have fewercustomers.
B)

They find it hard tosurvive.
C)

They are thriving oncemore.
D)

They appeal to elderlycustomers.
12.

A) Better quality of consumergoods.
B)

Higher employment andwages.
C)

Greater varieties ofcommodities.

2
B) Holidayshopping.
D) Onlinestores.
D)

People having more leisuretime.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13.

A) They are new species of biginsects.
B)

They are overprescribedantibiotics.
C)

They are life-threateningdiseases.
D)

They are antibiotic-resistantbacteria.
14.

A) Antibiotics are now in shortsupply.
B)

Many infections are no longercurable.
C)

Large amounts of tax money arewasted.
D)

Routine operations have becomecomplex.
15.

A)Facilities.
B)

Expertise.
C)

Money.
D)

Publicity.
Section C

Directions:
In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A), B), CJ and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer
Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16.

A) It is accessible only to thetalented.
B)

It improves students’ ability tothink.

C)

It starts a lifelong learningprocess.
D)

It gives birth to many eminentscholars.
17.

A) They encourage academicdemocracy.
B)

They promoteglobalization.
C)

They uphold the presidents’
authority.
D)

They protect s
tudents’rights.

18.

A) His thirstforknowledge.
B) His eagerness to find ajob.
C) His contempt for authority.
D) His potential forleadership.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19.

A) Few people know how to retrieve informationproperly.
B)

People can enhance their memory with a fewtricks.
C)

Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.
D)

People tend to underestimate their mentalpowers.
20.

A) They present the states in a surprisingly differentorder.
B)

They include more or less the same number ofstates.
C)

They are exactly the same as is shown in theatlas.
D)

They contain names of the most familiarstates.
21.

A) Focusing on what is likely to betested.
B)

Having a good sleep the nightbefore.
C)

Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to takeplace.
D)

Making sensible decisions while choosing youranswers.
22.

A) Discover when you can learnbest.
B) Change your time of study daily.
B)

Give yourself a double bonusafterwards.
D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23.

A) He isapolitician.
B) He is abusinessman.

3
C)

He isasociologist.
D) He is aneconomist.
24.

A) Inslums.
B)

InAfrica.
C)

In pre- industrialsocieties.
D)

In developingcountries.
25.

A)Theyhavenoa ccesstohealthcare,letaloneentertainmentorrecreatio n.
B)

Their income is less than 50% of the national average familyincome.
C)

They work extra hours to have their basic needsmet.
D)

Their children cannot afford to go to privateschools.
PartIII
ReadingComprehension
(40minutes)

Section A

Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank
following the passage. Read thepassage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is
identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item
on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any
of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Let’s all stop judging people who talk to t
hemselves. New research says that those
who can’t seem to keep their inner monologues( 独

白
) in are actually more likely to
stay on task, remain26 better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really,
for some extra muttering.
According to a series of experiments published in the Quarterly Journal of
Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of
using verbal clues to27 mental pictures helps people function quicker.
In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty28 and asked
them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were29 to repeat out loud what they were
looking for and the other half kept their lips30. Those who talked to themselves found
the banana slightly faster than those who di
dn’t，
the researchers say. In other
experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that31 the name of a common product when on the
hunt for it helped quicken someone’s pace, but talking about uncommon items showed no
advantage and slowed you down.
Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children
learn, although doing so when you’ve32 matured is not a great sign of33. The two
professors hope to refute that idea,34 that just as when kids walk themselves through a
process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to
help “augment thinking”.

Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and,
whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like a grocery list. At any35,
t
here’s still such a thing as too much information.

A)

Apparently
I)

Obscurely
B)

Arrogance
J)

Sealed
C)

Brilliance
K)

spectators
D)

Claiming
L)

Trigger
E)

Dedicated
M)

Uttering
F)

Focused
N)

Volume
G)

Incur
O)

Volunteers
H)

Instructed


4


Section B
Directions:
In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the
paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than paragraph is marked
withaletter.
Answer the questions by
markingthecorrespondingletter on
Answer Sheet2.
Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised Very Differently

[A]

Thelivesofch ildrenfromrichandpoorAmericanfamilieslookmorediffe rentthaneverbefore.
[B]

Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet,
soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. There
are usually two parents, who spend alot
of time reading to children and worrying about their anxiety levels and hectic schedules.
[C]

In
poor
families,
meanwhile,
children
tend
to
spend
their
time
at
home
or
with
extended
family.
They
are
more
likely
to
grow
up
in
neighborhoods
that
their
parents say aren’t great for raising children, and their parents worry about them
getting shot, beaten up or in trouble with thelaw.
[D]

The class differences in child rearing are growing
—
a symptom of widening
inequality with far-reaching consequences. Different upbringings set children on
different paths and can deepen socioeconomic divisions, especially because
education is strongly linked to earnings. Children grow up
learningtheskillstosucceedint heirsocioeconomicstratum (
阶层
),
butnotnecessarilyothers.
[E]

“Earl ychildhoodexperiencescanbeveryconsequentialforchil dren’slong
-
termsocial,emotional
and cognitive development,” said Sean Reardon, professor of poverty and inequality in
education at Stanford University. “And because those
influence educational success and
later earnings, early childhood experiences cast a lifelong shadow.” The cycle
continues: Poorer parents have less time and fewer resources to invest in their
children, which can leave children less prepared for school and work, which leads to
lower earnings.
[F]

American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew report and past
research have found: for them to be healthy and happy, honest and ethical, caring and
compassionate. There is no best parenting style or philosophy, researchers say, and
across income groups, 92% of parents say they are doing a good job at raising their
children. Yet they are doing it quite differently. Middle-class and higher- income
parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette
Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal
Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life. They try to develop their skills through close
supervision and organized activities, and teach children to question authority figures
and navigate eliteinstitutions.
[G]

Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive,
and give them far greater independence and time for free play. They are taught to be
compliant and respectful to adults. There are benefits to both approaches. Working-
class children are happier, more independent, complain less and are closer with family
members, Ms. Lareau found. Higher- income children are more likely to declare boredom
and expect their parents to solve their problems. Yet later on, the more affluent
children end up in college and on the way to the middle class, while working-class
children tend to struggle. Children from higher-income families are likely to have the

5
skills to navigate bureaucracies and succeed in schools and workplaces, Ms. Lareausaid.
[H]

“Do all parents want the most success for their children? Absolutely,”
she said. “Do some strategies give children more advantages than others in
institutions? Probably they do. Will parents be damaging children if they have one
fewer organized activity? No, I really doubtit.”

[I]

Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents
have less money to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to
take children to museums or attend school events. Extracurricular activities reflect
the differences in child rearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally
representative sample of 1,807 parents. Of families earning more than $$75,000 a year,
84% say their children have participated in organized sports over the past year, 64%
have done volunteer work and 62% have taken lessons in music, dance or art. Of families
earning less than $$30,000, 59% of children have done sports, 37% have volunteered and
41% have taken artsclasses.
[J]

Especially inaffluentfamilies,halfofhigh-
earning,college- graduate parents enrolled their children in arts classes before they
were 5, compared with one- fifth of low-income, less- educated parents. Nonetheless,
20% of well-
off parents say their children’s schedules are too hectic, compared with
8% of poorerparents.
[K]

Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children
bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school. 71% of parents with a
college degree say they do it every day, compared with 33% of those with a high school
diploma or less. White parents are more likely than others to read to their children
daily, as are married parents. Most affluent parents enroll their children in
preschool or day care, while low- income parents are more likely to depend on family
members. Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a
postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those
with a high school degree orless.
[L]

The survey also probed attitudes and anxieties. Interestingly,
parents’
attitudes toward education do not seem to reflect their own educational background as
much as a belief in the importance of education for upward mobility. Most American
pa
rents say they are not concerned about their children’s grades as long as they work
hard. But 50% of poor parents say it is extremely important to them that their children
earn a college degree, compared with 39% of wealthierparents.
[M]

Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents are more likely
to believe that there is no such thing as too much involvement in a
child’s
education.
Parents who are white, wealthy or college- educated say too much involvement can be
bad. Parental anxieties reflect their circumstances. High- earning parents are much
more likely to say they live in a good neighborhood for raising children. While
bullying is parents’ greatest concern over all, nearly half of low
-income parents
worry their child will get shot, compared with one-fifth of high-income parents. They
are more worried about their children being depressed oranxious.
[N]

In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $$30,000 and $$75,000 a
year fell right between working- class and high-earning parents on issues like the
quality of their neighborhood for raising
children,participationinextracurricularactivitiesa ndinvolvementintheirchildren’seduca
tion.
[O]

Children were not always raised so differently. The achievement gap between
children from high- and low-income families is 30-40% larger among children born in
2001 than those born 25 years earlier, according to Mr.
Reardon’ s research. People
used to live near people of different income levels; neighborhoods are now more
segregated by income. More than a quarter of children live in single-parent households

6
—
a historic high, according to Pew
一
and these children are three times as likely
to live in poverty as those who live with married parents. Meanwhile, growing income
inequality has coincided with the increasing importance of a college degree for
earning a middle-classwage.
[P]

Yet there are recent signs that the gap could be starting to shrink. In the
past decade, even as income inequality has grown, some of the socioeconomic
differences in parenting, like reading to children and going to libraries,
havenarrowed.
[Q]

Public policies aimed at young children have helped, including public preschool
programs and
singdifferencesintheearliestyears,itseems, couldreduceinequali
tyinthenext generation.
36.

Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect
toadults.
37.

American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations of
their children despite different ways ofparenting.
38.

Whilerichparentsaremo reconcernedwiththeirchildren
’spsychologicalwel l
-
being,poorparents are more worried about their children’s
safety.
39.

The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor families
reflect growing social inequality.
40.

Parenting approaches of working-class and affluent families both haveadvantages.
41.

Higher-incomefamil iesandworking-
classfamiliesnowtendtoliveindiff erentneighborhoods.
42.

Physical punishment is used much less by well- educatedparents.
43.

doesn’tbelievepar ticipatinginfewerafter
-
classactivitieswill negativelyaffect chil
dren’sdevelopment.

44.

Wealthy
parents are concerned about their children’s mental health and
busyschedules.
45.

Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in thepast ten years.
Section C
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Tennessee’s technical and community colleges will not outsource(外包
) management of
their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an
analysis of spending at each campus.
In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents
system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each
campus’ spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards
identified by the state. Morgan said those findings
—
which included data from the
system’s 13 community colleges, 27 technical
colleges and six universities
—
were part
of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam’s proposal to privatize
management of state buildings in an effort to save money.
“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel
any
adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents.
“System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising
the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”

Worker’s advocates have criticized Haslam’s plan, saying it would mean some campus
workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt

7
in or out of the out souring plan, which has not been finalized.
Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter
sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the
plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.
In an email statement from the state’s Office of Cust
omer Focused Government,
which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said
officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on
management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part
of a “business justification” the state will use as officials deliberate the
specifics of an outsourcing plan.
“The state’s facilities management project team is still in the process of
developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available
to the public at the end of February,” Martin said. “At this time there is nothing to
take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed.”

Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month th
at he has come
out against one of Haslam’s plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last
week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor’s proposal to
split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing
boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization
“unworkable”.

46.

What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges inTennessee?

A)

It is backed by a campus spendinganalysis.
B)

It has been flatly rejected by thegovernor.
C)

It has neglected their
faculty’s
demands. D )It will improve their
financialsituation.
47.

What does the campus spending analysisreveal?
A)

Private companies play a big role in campusmanagement.
B)

Facilities management by colleges is morecost- effective.
C)

Facilities management has greatly improved in recentyears.
D)

Colleges exercise foil control over their own financialaffairs.
48.

Workers’
supporters argue that Bill
Haslam’s
proposalwould
.
A)

deprive colleges of the right to manage theirfacilities
B)

make workers less motivated in performingduties
C)

render a number of campus workersjobless
D)

lead to the privatization of campusfacilities
49.

What do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John Morgan’s
decision?
A)

The outsourcing plan is not yetfinalized.
B)

The outsourcing plan will beimplemented.
C)

The state officials are confident about the outsourcingplan.
D)

The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcingplan.
50.

Why did John Morgan decide toresign?
A)

He had lost confidence in the Tennessee stategovernment.
B)

He disagreed with the governor on higher educationpolicies.
C)

He thought the
state’s
outsourcing proposal was simplyunworkable.
D)

He opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct the college boardsystem.

Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young
aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome, as the
culmination(
终极
) of their classical education. Thus was born the idea of the Grand

8
Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and also
Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was
arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class
—
the
same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the
arts.

The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and
Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art.
The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his
comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton
Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists,
however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions,
accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of
their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to
great masterpieces.
London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory
destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a
very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however,
was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompson
spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as “being impatiently
desirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to
the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains
the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of
rarities, and collections of all kind
s of historical relics”. Within Italy, the great
focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every
Grand Tourist. Panini’s Ancient Rome and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized,
including celebrated Greco-Roman statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and
churches. Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the
eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining
admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-
Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In England, where architecture was
increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned
from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative (
唤

起

回

忆

的
) ruins of
Rome to their own country houses and gardens.
51.

What is said about the GrandTour?
A)

It was fashionable among young people of thetime.
B)

It was unaffordable for ordinarypeople.
C)

It produced some famous Europeanartists.
D)

It made a compulsory part of collegeeducation.
52.

What did Grand Tourists have incommon?
A)

They had much geographicknowledge.
B)

They were courageous andventuresome.
C)

They were versed in literature and interested inart.
D)

They had enough travel and outdoor- lifeexperience.
53.

How did Grand Tourists benefit from theirtravel?
A)

They found inspiration in the
world’s
greatestmasterpieces.
B)

They got a better understanding of early humancivilization.
C)

They developed an interest in the origin of modem artforms.
D)

They gained some knowledge of classical art andarchitecture.
54.

Why did many Grand Tourists visit the privatecollections?
A)

They could buy unique souvenirs there to take backhome.
B)

Europe hardly had any museums before the 19thcentury.

9
C)

They found the antiques there morevaluable.
D)

Private collections were of greatervariety.
55.

How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture inEngland?
A)

There appeared more and more Roman-stylebuildings.
B)

Many aristocrats began to move into Roman-style
villas. C)Aristocrats
，
country houses all had
Roman-stylegardens.
D) Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.


PartIV


Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from
Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on
Answer Sheet 2.

唐朝始于
618
年，终于
907
年，是中国历史 上最灿烂的时期。经过近三百年的发展，唐代中国
成为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是当时世界上最 大的都市。这一时期，经济发达、商业繁荣、社
会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。随着城市化和财富的 增加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和

杜甫
是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。他们的 诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心。即使在今天，他们的

许多诗
歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。


___________ __________________________________________________ ____________________

____________________ __________________________________________________ ___________

_____________________________ __________________________________________________ __

______________________________________ ___________________________________________



2017
年
6
月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解

(
第
1
套
)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:
Suppose
you
are
asked
to
give
advice
on
whether
to
attend
a
vocational
college
or
a
university,
write
an
essay
to
state
your
opinion.
You
are
required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
【参考范文】


Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University?

It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter
the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this
q
uestion, students’ ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose
and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow.
In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two
choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in
cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as

10
Translation
(30minutes)
the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high
school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they
should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their
strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and
it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be
taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically
and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be.
In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is
no one-size-fits-all
answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning
and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best
for us.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of
each
conversation,
you
will
hear
four
questions.
Both
the
conversation
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the
best answer from the
four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1.

A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.

C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.
【答案】
A
【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。男士说到：

如果他在二手书店发现了自己的书，他会认为这是种侮辱。因此选
A
。


2.

A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value.

C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement.
【答案】
B
【解析】题目问男士的妻子认为他的书怎么样。男士说到：他最新的一本书是在
2004
年写
的，

当时在写的时候给他妻子看了一小部分。妻子认为他写的内容是垃 圾。这表明他的妻子认为他
写的

书毫无价值。因此选
B
。


3.

A) He seldom writes a book straight through.

B)

He writes several books simultaneously.

C)

He draws on his real-life experiences.

D)

He often turns to his wife for help.
【答案】
A
【解析】题目问当男士在写作 的时候，他通常会做什么。在对话中，女士问男士他那本《被
埋葬的巨人》

为什么被 搁置了那么久，显然是过了十年才把这本书写好。男士回答：他写书通常
都是写写停停，写到一半就会搁 置几年时间再继续写。男士的言外之意是，他很少会一口气把

一
本书写完。因此选
A
。


4.

A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match.

B)

Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.

11

C)

He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.

D)

Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
【答案】
D
【解析】题目问男士提到足球比赛是想表达什么。男士在 最后说到，足球运动员在结束的哨
声吹响的时候，就意味着比赛已经结束了。但是对于作家来说，永远都 没有结束的哨声这一说。因
此选
D
。


5.

A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.
B)

Financial assistance to black athletes in college.

C)

High college dropout rates among black athletes.

D)

Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.
【答案】
C
【 解析】题目问这两个讲话者在谈论什么。女士在一开始就引出主题：一份研究表明，在大学
中黑人运动员 的辍学率特别高。因此选
C
。


6.

A) They display great talent in every kind of game.

B)

They are better at sports than at academic work.

C)

They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.

D)

They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.
【答案】
D
【解析】题目问这份研究对黑人男性运动员有什么新的发现。男士说到： 他们是以给学校创
造收入的工薪阶层的身份存在的，而不是以受教育的学生的身份存在的。就是说，黑人 男性运动员
只是学校的挣钱工具，而学校并没有给他们太多接受学术教育的机会。因此选
D。


7.

A) About 15%. B) Around 40%.

C) Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%.
【答案】
C
【解析】题目问黑人男性运动员的毕业率是多少。女士回答：在
65
所学校中只有勉强一半
多一点儿的黑人能毕业。因此选
C
。


8.

A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.

B)

College degrees do not count much to them.

C)

They have little interest in academic work.

D)

Schools do not deem it a serious problem.
【答案】
A
【解析】题目问根据男士可知，黑 人运动员没能取得大学学位的原因是什么。男士在最后说
到：

所有的动机不是要赢得比赛就是不能输掉比赛。教练缺乏让他们毕业的动力。因此选
A
。


Section B

12

Directions:
In
this
section,
you
will
hear
two
passages.
At
the
end
of
each
passage,
you
will
hear
three
or
four
questions.
Both
the
passage
and
the
questions
will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.

A) Marketing strategies. B) Holiday shopping.

C) Shopping malls. D) Online stores.
【答案】
B
【
解
析
】< br>题
目
问
说
话
者
主
要
说
了< br>什
么
。
听
力
材
料
一
开
始< br>就
提
到
“America’s
holiday
shopping
season
starts
on
Black
Friday...
It
is
the
busiest
shopping
day
of
the
year
”，因此，不难推断出该篇听力的主题是关于
holiday shopping
，因此本题选
B
。


10.

A) About 50% of holiday shoppers.

B)

About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.

C)

About 136 million.

D)

About 183.8 million.
【答案】
D
【解析】题目问有多少人会在网络星期一那天购物。听力篇章中提及，“About 183.8
million people will shop on Cyber Monday
”，就不难选出本题答案
D
。


11.

A) They have fewer customers.

B)

They find it hard to survive.

C)

They are thriving once more.

D)

They appeal to elderly customers.
【答案】
C
【解析】题目问关于传统购物中心，《财富》是怎么说的。听力篇章中提及“Fortune says
the weakest of the malls have closed. The sector is thriving again
”，由此可知，本题答
案选

C
。


12.

A) Better quality of consumer goods.

B)

Higher employment and wages.

C)

Greater varieties of commodities.

D)

People having more leisure time.
【答案】
B
【解析】题目是问购物者数量增加的原因是什么。篇章中提到，“…lower unemployment and
rising wages could give Americans more money to spend
”，其中
B
选项与这句话完全符合，
lower
unemployment
即
higher employment
，故本题选
B
。


13

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

13.

A) They are new species of big insects.

B)They are overprescribed antibiotics.
C)They are life-threatening diseases.
D)They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
【答案】
D
【解析】题目问关于超级细菌我们知道什么。篇章中提及，“you may have heard about
the
new
superbugs
which
are
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
that
have
developed
as
a
result of overprescribed antibiotics.
其中
D
选项与这句话完全符合。

14.

A) Antibiotics are now in short supply.

B)Many infections are no longer curable.
C)Large amounts of tax money are wasted.
D)Routine operations have become complex.
【答案】
D
【解析】题目问抗生素用量过度的后果是什么。篇章中提到“seemingly routine
operations... are now much more hazardous...
”，
D
选项与此相符合。


15.

A) Facilities.

B)Expertise.

C)Money.

D)Publicity.
【答案】
C
【解析】题目问，在说话者看来， 为应对严重威胁生命的传染病，什么是最迫切需要的。篇
章最后提及：面对严重威胁生命的传染病，却只 有
1.2%
的预算被用于研究上，这与所需的资金相
差甚远。由此可知
C
选项正确。


Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After
you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),
B), CJ and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16.

A) It is accessible only to the talented.

B)

It improves students’ ability to think.


C)

It starts a lifelong learning process.

D)

It gives birth to many eminent scholars.
【答案】
B

【解析】题目问说话者是如何描述大学的。听力材料中提到

“you are here to understand

14
thinking better and to think better your- self
”，
B
选项与此相符合。


17.

A) They encourage academic democracy.

B)

They promote globalization.

C)

They uphold the presidents’ authority.


D)

They protect students’ ri
ghts.
【答案】
A
【解析】题目问关于大学，我们可以从说话者的故事中了解到什么。篇章中提到

“But what
was
really
important
about
that
was
the
universities
stand
out
as
places
that
really
are about the authority of ideas.
，由此可推断出大学鼓励思想交流，鼓励学术民主，
A
选项
正确。

18.

A) His thirst for knowledge. B) His eagerness to find a job.

C) His contempt for authority. D) His potential for leadership.
【答案】
A
【解析】题目是问说话者在挑战他论文的年轻人身上看到了什么。听力篇章中提及“a... you
couldn’t debate that young man’s hunger to learn”，由此可判断选
A
。


Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19.

A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.

B)People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.
C)Most people have a rather poor long- term memory.
D)People tend to underestimate their mental powers.
【答案】
D
【解析】听力篇章一开始就提及，“Psychological res
earch shows we consistently
underestimate our mental powers.
”，这与
D
选项完全符合。


20.

A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.

B)They include more or less the same number of states.
C)They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.
D)They contain names of the most familiar states.
【答案】
B
【解析】听力材料中提到，“The two lists will contain roughly the same number of
states but they will not be identical
”，由此可知本题答案为
B
选项。


21.

A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.

B)Having a good sleep the night before.

C)Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to take place.
D)Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.
【答案】
C
【解析】题目问说话者对如何准备和参加考试有何建议。听力篇章中提及“If possible, you
should also try to learn information in the room where it is going to be tested
”，这与

C
选项完全符合，故本题选
C
。



15
22.

A) Discover when you can learn best.

B) Change your time of study daily.

B) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards.

D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.
【答案】
A
【解析】题目问关于学习，说话者给了我们什么建议。听力篇章中曾提及：“When you learn
is also important
”，这表明，要找到最适合自己学习的时间，故
A
选项正确。


Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

23.

A) He is a politician. B) He is a businessman.

C)He is a sociologist. D) He is an economist.
【答案】
C
【解析】题目是问说话者是做什么的。听力篇章中提及“It concerns not only us
sociologists but also economists, politicians and business people.
”，答案为
C
选项。


24.

A) In slums.

B)

In Africa.

C)

In pre-industrial societies.

D)

In developing countries.
【答案】
D
【解析】题目是问说话者说在哪可以发

现极度贫穷的情况。听力篇章中提及：“Where does
extreme poverty occur? Well, you can find it only in developing countries.
”，因此本题
答案选
D
。


25.

A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.

B)Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.
C)They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.
D)Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.
【答案】
B

【解析】题目是问家庭相对贫穷的美国人是什么样的。听力篇章中提及：“in the United
States
a
family
can
be
considered
poor
if
their
income
is
less
than
50%
of
the
national average family income.
”，这与
B
选项完全符合。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required
to
select
one
word
for
each
blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each
choice
in
the
bank
is
identified
by
a
letter.
Please
mark
the
corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may
not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Let’s
all
stop
judging
peop
le
who
talk
to
themselves.
New
research
says
that
those who can’t seem to keep their inner monologues(独白
) in are actually more likely

16
to stay
on task, remain 26 better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really,
for some extra muttering.
According
to
a
series
of
experiments
published
in
the
Quarterly
Journal
of
Experimental
Psychology
by
professors
Gary
Lupyan
and
Daniel
Swignley,
the
act
of
using verbal clues
to 27 mental pictures helps people function quicker.

In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty 28 and asked
them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were 29 to repeat out loud what they
were looking for and the other half kept their lips 30 . Those who talked to
themselves found the banana slightly fast
er than those who didn’t，
the researchers
say. In other
experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that 31 the name of a common product when on
the hunt for it helped quicken someone’s pace, but talking about uncommon items showed
no advantage and slowed you down.
Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps
children learn, although doing so when you’ve 32 matured is not a great sign of 33 .
The
two professors hope to refute that idea, 34 that just as when kids walk themselves
through a process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but
also to help “augment thinking”.


Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and,
whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like a grocery list. At any 35 ,
there’ s still such a thing as too much information.

26.

【解析】
F
。空格前的
remain
为系动词，因此空格处需要 填入一个形容词；根据前面的
句意“……更有可能坚持做一件事”，可知
focused
最为符合，表示“保持全神贯注”，因此本
题选

F
。

27.

【解析】
L
。根据空格前的
to
可判断空格处应填入动词原形，根据句意，“使用口头提
示来记忆图像”，可知选项
L
符合。


28.

【解析】
0
。空格前是量词
twenty
，因此空格处需填入一个名词复数；再由前边的“In one

experiment
”可知这是一个实验，所以这里选择
volunteers
（志愿者）最为合适，故本题选
0
。

29.

【解析】
H
。空格前后分别为
be
动词
were
和介词
to
，因此空格处需要填入一个动词
的被动语态；根据句意，“一半人被

要大声地重复他们要找的东西，”可知
instructed
（通
知，

指导）最为合适，因此本题答案选
H
。

30.

【解析】
J
。根据句子结构可判断空格处需要填入一个形容词。再由
the other half
对
应的是前边的
Half
，

可知这里的情况和前边的不同，前边说
repeat out loud
（大声地重复），
后边自然就是要表达“不说话” 的意思，keep one’s lips sealed 即“闭上嘴巴、不说话”的
意思，故本题选
J
。

31.

【解析】
M
。空格前的
that
引导的是宾语从句，空格与后面的名词词组
the name of a
common
product
共同充当宾语从句的主语，因此空格处应填入动词的
-ing
形式，根据句意可判断
uttering
更为合适，故本题选
M
。

32.

【解析】
A
。空格所在句是一个现在完成时态，空格前后组成谓语动词
have matured
，
因此空格处实际上并不缺成分，只可能填入一个副词来修饰动词
matured
，根据单词意思，
这里应选

apparently
。

33.

【解析】
C
。根据空格前边的
a great sign of
可知，空格处缺少一个名词；再根据句
意，


17
“当你足够成熟时，自言自语并不能显示出你的

_
”，可知这里填入
brilliance
更为合适。
故本题选
C
。

34.

【解析】
D
。空格前边是一句完整的话，空格后是
that
从句，由此判断空格处

填入动
词的
-ing
形式，作为前边句子的伴随状语，并引导后面的宾语从句；分析选项，动词的
-ing
形式
只剩下
claiming
这一个词，故本题选
D
。

35.

【解析】
N
。空格处需要填入一个名词，与前边的
At any
构成介词词组；结合整篇文章
的大意，此处填入
volume
最为合适，故本题选
N
。


Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions
by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised Very Differently

[A]

The lives of children from rich and poor American families look more
different than ever before.
[B]

Well-off
families
are
ruled
by
calendars,
with
children
enrolled
in
ballet,
soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. There
are
usually
two
parents,
who
spend
a
lot
of
time
reading
to
children
and
worrying
about their anxiety levels and hectic schedules.
[C]

In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time at home or
with extended family. They are more likely to grow up in neighborhoods that their
parents say

aren’t
great
for
raising
children,
and
their
parents
worry
about
them
getting
shot,
beaten up or in trouble with the law.
[D]

The class differences in child rearing are growing
—
a symptom of widening
inequality with far- reaching consequences. Different upbringings set children on
different paths and can deepen socioeconomic divisions, especially because education is
strongly
linked
to
earnings.
Children
grow
up
learning
the
skills
to
succeed
in
their
socioeconomic stratum (
阶层
), but not necessarily others.
[E]

“Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for children’s long
-
term
social,
emotional
and
cognitive
development,”
said
Sean
Reardon,
professor
of
poverty
and
inequality
in
education
at
Stanford
University.
“And
because
those
influence
educational
success
and
later
earnings,
early
childhood
experiences
cast
a
lifelong shadow.” The cycle

continues:
Poorer
parents
have
less
time
and
fewer
resources
to
invest
in
their
children,
which
can
leave
children
less
prepared
for
school
and
work,
which
leads
to
lower earnings.
[F]

American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew report and
past research have found: for them to be healthy and happy, honest and ethical, caring
and compassionate. There is no best parenting style or philosophy, researchers say, and
across income groups, 92% of parents say they are doing a good job at raising their
children. Yet they are doing it quite differently. Middle-class and higher- income
parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette
Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal
Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life. They try to develop their skills through close
supervision and organized activities, and teach children to question authority figures

18
and navigate elite institutions.
[G]

Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive,
and give them far greater independence and time for free play. They are taught to be
compliant
and
respectful
to
adults.
There
are
benefits
to
both
approaches.
Working-
class children are happier, more independent, complain less and are closer with family
members,
Ms.
Lareau
found.
Higher-income
children
are
more
likely
to
declare
boredom
and
expect
their
parents
to
solve
their
problems.
Yet
later
on,
the
more
affluent
children
end
up
in
college
and
on
the
way
to
the
middle
class,
while
working-class
children tend to struggle. Children from higher-income families are likely to have the
skills to navigate bureaucracies and succeed in schools and workplaces, Ms. Lareau said.
[H]

“Do all parents want the most success for their children? Absolutely,” she
said.
“Do
some
strategies
give
children
more
advantages
than
others
in
institutions?
Probably
they
do.
Will
parents
be
damaging
children
if
they
have
one
fewer
organized
activity? No, I really doubt it.”

[I]

Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents
have less money to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to
take children to museums or attend school events. Extracurricular activities reflect
the differences in child rearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally
representative sample of 1,807 parents. Of families earning more than $$75,000 a year,
84% say their children

have participated in organized sports over the past year, 64% have done volunteer work
and
62%
have
taken
lessons
in
music,
dance
or
art.
Of
families
earning
less
than
$$30,000,
59%
of
children
have
done
sports,
37%
have
volunteered
and
41%
have
taken
arts classes.
[J]

Especially in affluent families, children start young. Nearly half of high-
earning, college-graduate parents enrolled their children in arts classes before they
were 5, compared with one-fifth of low-income, less- educated parents. Nonetheless,
20% of well-
off parents say their children’s schedules are too hectic, compared with
8% of poorer parents.
[K]

Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children
bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school. 71% of parents with a
college degree say they do it every day, compared with 33% of those with a high school
diploma or less. White parents are more likely than others to read to their children
daily, as are married parents. Most affluent parents enroll their children in preschool
or day care, while low- income parents are more likely to depend on family members.
Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a postgraduate degree
say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those with a high school
degree or less.
[L]

The
survey
also
probed
attitudes
and
anxieties.
Interestingly,
parents’
attitudes toward education do not seem to reflect their own educational background as
much
as
a
belief
in
the
importance
of
education
for
upward
mobility.
Most
American
parents say they are not concerned about their children’s grades as long as they work
hard.
But
50%
of
poor
parents
say
it
is
extremely
important
to
them
that
their
children earn a college degree, compared with 39% of wealthier parents.
[M]

Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents are more likely
to believe that there is no such thing as too much involvement in a child’s education.
Parents who are white, wealthy or college- educated say too much involvement can be bad.
Parental anxieties reflect their circumstances. High- earning parents are much more
likely to say they live in a good neighborhood for raising children. While bullying is
parents’ greatest concern over all, nearly half of low
-income parents worry their

19
child will get shot, compared with one- fifth of high-income parents. They are more
worried about their children being depressed or anxious.
[N]

In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $$30,000 and $$75,000
a
year
fell
right
between
working-class
and
high- earning
parents
on
issues
like
the
quality
of
their
neighborhood
for
raising
children,
participation
in
extracurricular
activities and involvement in their children’ s education.

[O]

Children were not always raised so differently. The achievement gap between
children from high- and low-income families is 30-40% larger among children born in
2001 than those born 25 years earlier, according to Mr. Reardon’ s research. People
used to live near people of different income levels; neighborhoods are now more
segregated by income. More than a quarter of children live in single-parent households
—
a historic high, according to Pew
一
and these children are three times as likely to
live in poverty as those
who live with married parents. Meanwhile, growing income inequality has coincided with
the increasing importance of a college degree for earning a middle-class wage.

[P]

Yet there are recent signs that the gap could be starting to shrink. In the
past decade, even as income inequality has grown, some of the socioeconomic differences
in parenting, like reading to children and going to libraries, have narrowed.
[Q]

Public
policies
aimed
at
young
children
have
helped,
including
public
preschool
programs
and
reading
initiatives.
Addressing
differences
in
the
earliest
years, it seems, could reduce inequality in the next generation.
36.

Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to
adults.
37.

American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations of their
children despite different ways of parenting.
38.

While rich parents are more concerned with their children’s psychological
well-
being, poor parents are more worried about their children’s safety.

39.

The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor families
reflect growing social inequality.
40.

Parenting approaches of working- class and affluent families both have advantages.

41.

Higher-income families and working-class families now tend to live in
different neighborhoods.
42.

Physical punishment is used much less by well- educated parents.

43.

Ms. Lareau doesn’t believe participating in fewer after
-class activities will
negatively affect children’s development.

44.

Wealthy parents are concerned about their children’s mental health and busy
schedules.
45.

Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in the past ten
years.
36.
【解析】
G
。根据题干中的关键词
working-class parents, respect to adults
可定位至

[G]
段。

37.
【解析】
F
。根据题干中的关键词
American parents
和
different ways of parenting
可
定位至
[F]
段。

38.
【解析】
M
。根据题干中的关键词
psychological well-being
和
children's safety
可定
位至
[M]
段。

39.
【解析】
D
。根据题干中的关键词
differences in child rearing
和
inequality
可定位
至
[D]
段。

40.
【解析】
G
。根据题干中的关键词
proaches
和
approaches
可定位至
[G]
段。

41.
【解析】
O
。根据题干中的关键词
neighborhoods
可定位至
[0]
段。


20
42.
【解析】
K
。根椐题干中的关键
physical punishment
和
well-educated parents
可定位
至
[K]
段。


43.
【解析】
H
。根据题干中的关键词
Ms. Lareau
和
fewer after-class activities
可定位
至
[H]
段。

44.
【解析】
B
。根据题干中的关键词
mental health
和
busy schedules
可定位至
[B]
段。

45.
【解析】
P
。根据题干中的关键词
socioeconomic differences, shrunk
和
in the past
ten
years
可定位至
[P]
段。


Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),
B),
C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Tennessee’s technical and community colleges will not outsource(外包
) management
of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by
an analysis of spending at each campus.
In
an
email
sent
Monday
to
college
presidents
in
the
Tennessee
Board
of
Regents
system,
outgoing
Chancellor
John
Morgan
said
an
internal
analysis
showed
that
each
campus’
spending
on
facilities
management
fell
well
below
the
industry
standards
identified
by
the
state.
Morgan
said
those
findings
—

which
included
data
from
the
system’s
13
community
colleges,
27
technical

colleges
and
six
universities
—

were
part
of
the
decision
not
to
move
forward
with
Governor
Bill
Haslam’s
proposal
to
privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.
“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel
any
adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents.
“System

institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the
question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”

Worker’s
advocates
have
criticized
Haslam’s
plan,
saying
it
would
mean
some
campus
workers
would
lose
their
jobs
or
benefits.
Haslam
has
said
colleges
would
be
free to opt in or out of the out souring plan, which has not been finalized.
Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter
sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan,
was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.
In
an
email
statement
from
the
state’s
Office
of
Cust
omer
Focused
Government,
which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said
officials
were
still
working
to
analyze
the
data
from
the
Board
of
Regents.
Data
on
management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part
of a “business

justification” the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an
outsourcing plan.

“The
state’s
facilities
management
project
team
is
still
in
the
process
of
developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available
to the public at the end of February,” Martin said. “At this time there is nothing to

21
take action on
since the analysis has yet to be completed.”


Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month
that he has come
out against one of Haslam’s plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last
week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor’s proposal to
split
off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing
boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization
“unworkable”.


46.

What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in
Tennessee?
A)

It is backed by a campus spending analysis.

B)

I
t has been flatly rejected by the governor.
C)It has neglected their faculty’s demands.

D)It will improve their financial situation.
【答案】
A
【解析】由题干中的关键词
decision
，
technical and community colleges, Tennessee
可定
位至第一段。
A
选项中的
backed
与原文中的
bolstered
同义，因此选
A
。


47.

What does the campus spending analysis reveal?

A) Private companies play a big role in campus management.

B)Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective. C)Facilities
management has greatly improved in recent years. D)Colleges exercise foil
control over their own financial affairs.
【答案】
B
【解析】由题干中的关键词
campus spending analysis, reveal
可

以定位至原文的第二段。
题干中的
reveal
对应原文中的
showed
。因此选
B
。


48.

Workers’ supporters argue that Bill Haslam’s proposal would


A) deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilities
B)make workers less motivated in performing duties C)render
a number of campus workers jobless
D)lead to the privatization of campus facilities
【答案】
C

48.
【解析】由题干中的关键词

Workers’ supporters, Bill Haslam’s proposal 可以定位
至第四段。该段 的第一句指出，工人拥护者已经批判了哈斯拉姆的计划，他们表示这将意味着一些
校园工人可能会失去他 们的工作或利益。因此选
C
。


49.

What
do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John Morgan’s
decision?

A) The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.

B)The outsourcing plan will be implemented.


22
.
C)The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.
D)The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.
【答案】
A
49.
【解析】由题干中的关键词
spokeswoman
可定位至第六段。该段指出，发言人
Michelle R.
Martin
表示官员们还在分析评议委员会的数据。大学体系和其他州相关部门的管理 费用数据将会
是

“商业理由”的一部分，田纳西州会用此来研讨外包计划的细节。这 说明，外包计划还在讨论中，

尚未成定论，因此选
A
。


50.

Why did John Morgan decide to resign?

A) He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.

B)He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.

C)He thought the state’s outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable. D)He
opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct the college board system.

【答案】
D
【解析】由题干中的关键词
John Morgan, resign
可定位至最后一段。该段的最后一句指
出，

在他的辞职信中，摩根表示这一 重组计划“不切实际”。言外之意就是反对州长重组大学董事
会的

计划。因此选
D
。


Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Beginning
in
the
late
sixteenth
century,
it
became
fashionable
for
young
aristocrats
to
visit
Paris,
Venice,
Florence,
and
above
all,
Rome,
as
the
culmination(
终
极
)
of
their
classical
education.
Thus
was
born
the
idea
of
the
Grand
Tour,
a
practice
which
introduced
Englishmen,
Germans,
Scandinavians,
and
also
Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was
arduous and costly throughout the period,
possible only for a privileged class
—
the same that produced gentlemen scientists,
authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.
The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and
Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art.
The
German
traveler
Johann
Winckelmann
pioneered
the
field
of
art
history
with
his
comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton
Raphael
Mengs
at
the
beginning
of
his
long
residence
in
Rome.
Most
Grand
Tourists,
however, stayed for briefer

periods
and
set
out
with
less
scholarly
intentions,
accompanied
by
a
teacher
or
guardian,
and
expected
to
return
home
with
souvenirs of
their
travels
as
well
as
an
understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.
London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory
destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a
very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however,
was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in
1744 he described himself as “being
impatiently desirous of viewing a country so
famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present
the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of
sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of
all kinds of historical relics”. Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient

23
ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every Grand Tourist. Panini’s Ancient
Rome and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated Greco-Roman
statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches. Since there were few
museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists
often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and
many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own
collections. In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic
pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio
in the Veneto and the evocative (
唤起回忆的
) ruins of Rome to their own country houses
and gardens.
51.

What is said about the Grand Tour?

A)

It was fashionable among young people of the time.

B)

It was unaffordable for ordinary people.
C)It produced some famous European artists.
D)It made a compulsory part of college education.
【答案】
B
【解析】由题干中的关键词
the Grand Tour
定位至第一段第二句。由此可知，大旅行对

于
一般人来说是负担不起的。故选
B
。


52.

What did Grand Tourists have in common?

A) They had much geographic knowledge.

B)They were courageous and venturesome.

C)They were versed in literature and interested in art.
D)They had enough travel and outdoor-life experience.
【答案】
C
【解析】由题干中的关键词
Grand Tourists
定位至第二段第一句。选项
C
是对原文

的同义
表述，其中
were versed in
对应原文中的
a thorough grounding in
。故选
C
。


24
53.

HowdidGrandTouristsbenefitfromtheirtravel?


A)Theyfoundinspir
ationintheworld’sgre atestmasterpieces.


B)Theygotabetterun derstandingofearlyhumancivilization.
C)Theydev elopedaninterestintheoriginofmodemartforms.
D) Theygainedsomeknowledgeofclassicalartandarchitectu re.

【答案】
D

【解析】由题干中的关键词
benefit from their travel
定位至第二段最后一句。选项
D
是对原文
的同义改写，其中
knowledge
对应原文中的
understanding
。故选
D
。


54.

WhydidmanyGrandTouristsvisitthepri vatecollections?


A)Theycouldbuyunique souvenirstheretotakebackhome.


B)Europ ehardlyhadanymuseumsbeforethe19thcentury.
C)Theyfoundtheantiquestheremorevaluable.

D)Privatecollectionswereofgreatervariety.

【答案】
B

【解析】由题干中的关键词
the private collections
定位至第三段倒数第二句。选项中的

hardly
和
beforethe19thcentury
分别对应原文中的
few
和
beforethecloseofthe
eighteenth century
。
故选
B
。


55.

HowdidtheGrandTourinfluencethearchitectureinEn gland?


A)ThereappearedmoreandmoreRoman- stylebuildings.


B)ManyaristocratsbegantomoveintoRoman- stylevillas.
C)Aristocrats
，
countryhous esallhadRoman-stylegardens.
D)Italianarchitect swerehiredtodesignhousesandgardens.

【答案】
A

【解析】由题干中的关键词
influenceth earchitectureinEngland
定位至第三段最后一句。
由此可
知， 在英国会有越来越多的罗马风格的建筑，选项
A
是对原文的延展推理。故选
A
。


PartIVTranslation(30minutes)


Dire ctions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotransla teapassagefrom
uldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

唐朝始于
618
年，终于
907
年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期 。经过近三百年的发展，唐代中国成
为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是当时世界上最大的都市。这一 时期，经济发达、商业繁荣、社会
秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。随着城市化和财富的增加，艺术和文 学也繁荣起来。李白和

杜甫
是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者 和普通人的心。即使在今天，他们的

许多
诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。


【
答
案
】
TheTangDynasty,

whichdatedfrom618andendedin907,

wasthemostprosperous
earlythreehundredyear sofdevelopment,ithadbecome
themostflourishingp oweraroundtheworld,withitscapitalChang
’
ana sthelargest
metropolisintheworld.

Chin aduringthatperiodwasembodiedintheboomingeconomy,
thrivingcommerce,nizationgained
itsmomentumandwealthaccumulated,ndDuFu
oetrystruck
achordwithscholarsaswellasordinarypeople.

Eventoday,manyoftheirpoemsarestill

25
widelyreadandrecitedbychildrenandadults.


26
Part
Ⅰ


2017
年
6
月大学英语六级考试真题
(
第
2
套
)
Writing
(30minutes)
Directi ons:
Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceo nwhethertomajorinscienceorhumanit
ies at college, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to
write at least
150
words but no more than
200
words.
____________________________ __________________________________________________ ___

_____________________________________ ____________________________________________

______________________________________________ ___________________________________

_____ __________________________________________________ __________________________

______________ __________________________________________________ _________________

_______________________ __________________________________________________ ________

________________________________ _________________________________________________

_________________________________________ ________________________________________

__________________________________________________ _______________________________

_________ __________________________________________________ ______________________

__________________ __________________________________________________ _____________

___________________________ __________________________________________________ ____

____________________________________ _____________________________________________

______________________________________________ ___________________________________

_____ __________________________________________________ __________________________

______________ __________________________________________________ _________________



Part
Ⅱ

ListeningComprehension
(30minutes)

Section A
Directions :
In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then
mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1
with a single line through
the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


27
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) Doingenjoyablework.
B) Having friendlycolleagues.
C)

Earning acompetitivesalary.
D) Working
forsupportivebosses.2.A)31%.
B)20%.
C)25%.
D)73%.
3.

A) Those of asmallsize.
B) Those run bywomen.
C) Those that arewellmanaged.
D) Those full of skilledworkers.
4.

A) They can hop from job to jobeasily.
B)

They can win recognition of theirwork.
C)

They can better balance work andlife.
D)

They can take on more than onejob.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.

A) It is a book ofEuropeanhistory.
B) It is an introduction tomusic.
C) It is about the cityofBruges.
D) It is a collection ofphotos.
6.

A) When painting the concert hall ofBruges.
B)

When vacationing in an Italian coastalcity.
C)

When taking pictures for a concertcatalogue.
D)

When writing about
Belgium’s
coastalregions.
7.

A) The entire European coastline will besubmerged.
B)

The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.
C)

The seawater of Europe will be seriouslypolluted.
D)

The major European scenic spots willdisappear.
8.

A) Its waterways are being increasingly
polluted. B )People cannot get around
without usingboats.
C)

It attracts large numbers of tourists from home andabroad.
D)

Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in themorning.
Section B

Directions:
In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage,
you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions
will be spoken only
once.
After
you
hear
a question, you
must
choose
the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1
with a single line
through the centre.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9.

A) They make careful preparationbeforehand.
B)

They take too many irrelevant factors intoaccount.
C)

They spend too much time anticipating theirdefeat.
D)

They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrongfoot.
10.

A) A
person’s
nervous system is more complicated thanimagined.
B)

Golfers usually have positive mental images ofthemselves.
C)
Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes’performan ce.

D)

Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system asdoing.
11.

A) Anticipate possibleproblems.
B)

Make a list of
do’s
and
don’ts.

C)

Picture themselvessucceeding.
D)

Try to appear moreprofessional.
12.

A) She wore adesignerdress.
B) She won her first jurytrial.
C)

She did not speakloudenough.
D) She presented movingpictures.

28
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13.

A) Its long-term effects are yet to beproved.
B)

Its health benefits have beenoverestimated.
C)

It helps people to avoid developing breastcancer.
D)

It enables patients with diabetes to recoversooner.
14.

A) It focused on their ways of life during youngadulthood.
B)

It tracked their change in food preferences for 20years.
C)

It focused on their difference from men in fiberintake.
D)

It tracked their eating habits since theiradolescence.
15.

A) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in thebody.
B)

Fiber may bring more benefits to women thanmen.
C)

Fiber may improve the function of heartmuscles.
D)

Fiber may make blood circulation moresmooth.
Section C

Directions:
In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A), B), CJ and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16.

A) Observing the changes inmarketing.
B) Conducting research on consumer
behavior. C)Studying the hazards of
young people drinking.
D) Investigating the impact of media on government.
17.

A) It is the cause of many streetriots.
B)

It is getting worse year byyear.
C)

It is a chief concern ofparents.
D)

It is an act ofsocialising.
18.

A) They spent a week studying their own purchasingbehavior.
B)

They researched the impact of mobile phones on youngpeople.
C)

They analysed their family budgets over theyears.
D)

They conducted a thorough research onadvertising.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19.

A) It is helping its banks to improveefficiency.
B)

It is trying hard to do away with dirtymoney.
C)

It is the first country to use credit cards in theworld.
D)

It is likely to give up paper money in the nearfuture.
20.

A) Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physicalcurrency.
B)

Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going tospend.
C)

Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spendmore.
D)

Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everydaylife.
21.

A) There was no food service on thetrain.
B)

The service on the train was notgood.
C)

The restaurant car accepted cashonly.
D)

The cash in her handbag wasmissing.
22.

A) By putting money intoenvelopes.
B)

By drawing money week byweek.
C)

By limiting their day-to-dayspending.

29
D)

By refusing to buy anything oncredit.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23.

A) Populationexplosion.
B)

Chronichunger.
C)

Extinction of rarespecies.
D)

Environmentaldeterioration.
24.

A) They contribute tooverpopulation.
B)

About half of them areunintended.
C)

They have been brought undercontrol.
D)

The majority of them tend to endhalfway.
25.

A) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species onearth.
B)

It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinaryresearch.
C)

It is neglected in many of the developingcountries.
D)

It is beginning to attract postgraduates’attention.

PartIII
ReadingComprehension
(40minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank
following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your
choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon< br>AnswerSheet2
withasingleline
through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than
once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
After
becoming
president
of
Purdue
University
in
2013,
Mitch
Daniels
asked
the
faculty to prove that their students have actually ach
ieved one of higher education’s
most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study
of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no
26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to27
the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the
percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen 28
in the last 5-6 years.
Purdue
now
has
a
pilot
test
to
assess
students’
criti
cal
thinking
skills.
Yet
like many college teachers around the U.S., the faculty remain 29 that their work as
educators can be measured by a “learning

30” such as a graduate’s
ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors
need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can
use31 metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: criticalthinking,
written communication, and quantitative literacy.
Despite
the
success
of
the
experiment,
the
actual
results
are
worrisome,

and
mostly32
earlier
studies.
The
organizers
of
the
experiment
concluded
that
far
fewer
students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for
written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on
students nearing graduation.

30
American
universities,
despite
their
global33
for
excellence
in
teaching,
have
only
begun
to
demonstrate
what
they
can
produce
in
real-world
learning.
Knowledge-
based degrees are still important, but employers are34 advanced thinking skills from
college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be35measured,
A)

accurately
B)

confirm
C)

demanding
D)

doubtful
E)

drastically
F)

justify
G)

monopolized
H)

outcome
I)

predominance
J)

presuming
K)

reputation
L)

significant
M)

signify
N)

simultaneously
O)

standardized
more people will seek higher education---and come out better thinkers.

Section B
Directions:
In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the
paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than paragraph is marked
withaletter.
Answer the questions by
markingthecorrespondingletter on
Answer Sheet2.
The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon
[A]

Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long”. Notwithstanding
important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel
prices could discourage further innovation in, and
ad optionof,ultwouldbehigheremissionsofcarbondioxidea n
dother greenhousegases.

[B]

Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy
transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through
corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and
potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers
fiscalbenefits.
[C]

Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the
oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices”. The
reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new
production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward
andbringingpricesbackupasexistingoilfields--- whichcanbetappedatrelativelylowmarginal
cost ----are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience, capital expenditure in the
oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States.
The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.
[D]

Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new
technologies has addedabout
4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-
supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change
in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the
projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand (especially
from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United

31
States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces,
like the growth of
shale(
页岩) oil, point to a “low for long” scenario. Futures markets, which show only
a modest recovery of
prices to around $$60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.
[E]

Natural gas and coal
—
also fossil fuels
—
have similarlyseen price declines that
look to be
long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas
oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources
are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there.
The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will
eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is
significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices
also are low, owing to over- supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from
China, which bums half of the world’s coal.

[F]

Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind,
hydro,solar, and
geothermal(
地

热
). Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are
heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop
renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to
draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.
[G]

Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil
fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global
primary energy consumption, which is stilldominatedbyfossilfuels< br>—
30%eachforcoalandoil,25%ewableenergywill < br>havetodisplacefossilfuelstoamuchgreaterextentin thefuturetoavoidunacceptableclimateris
ks.
[H]

Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little
incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is
strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly
encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for
alleviating fossil fuelemissions.
[I]

The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the
energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables
become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a
very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially
catastrophic climaterisks.

[J]

Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations
Children’s
Fund
estimates
that
some
11
million
children
in
Africa
face
hunger,
disease,
and
water
shortages
as
a
result
of
the
strongestElNino(
厄
尔
尼
诺
)
weatherphenomenonindecades.
Manyscientistsbelieve
thatElNinoevents,
caused
by
warming
in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climatechange.
[K]

Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations
Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially
legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad
participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to
take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the
world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can
undermine the political will of participating countries toact.
[L]

ThenationsparticipatingatCOP21aref ocusingonquantitativeemissions-

32
reductioncommitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each
country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is
priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen
first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate
substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon
charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon
sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries
may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize
global welfare, every
country’s
carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely
domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreigncountries.
[M]

Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid
by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising
relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the
market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the
refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would
raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their
further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel
prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean
energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and
it’s
especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate
events, most estimates suggest substantial negativeeffects.
[N]

Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some
governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the
job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and therebyadd to
the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the
collateral(
附带的
) costs.
[O]

ThehopeisthatthesuccessofCOP21opensthedoortofutur einternationalagreementoncarb
on prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting
point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse
gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to
incalculablerisks.
36.

Anumberoffa ctorsaredrivingdowntheglobaloilpricesnotjustfornow butintheforeseeablefutu
re.
37.

Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gasemissions.
38.

Itisestimatedthatextremeweatherconditionshaveenda ngeredthelivesofmillionsofA
frican children.
39.

The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasingdemand.
40.

Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of
cleanertechnology.
41.

If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of
greenhousegases.
42.

Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in
today’s
world.
43.

Evenmajorfos silexportingcountrieshavegreatpotentialtodevelopre newableenergies.
44.

Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks
formankind.
45.

Itis urgentforgovernmentstoincreasethecostofusingfossil fuelstoanappropriateleveltole
ssenthe catastrophic effects of climatechange.
Section C
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the

33
corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many
researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science,
most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.
Some communities have agreed to share online
—
geneticists, for example, post DNA
sequences at the GenBank repository(
库
), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing
images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that
has observed some 500 million objects---but these
remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing
for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist;
grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on
standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.
But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies
worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal
Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a
research culture wher
e data is viewed as a private preserve”.

Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public
information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared
digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services
are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable
other researchers to discover and cite them.
Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of
sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic(
利

他

的
). Researchers who share
get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues,
improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers
一
those
whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work
gets used. For
example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is
about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author
Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate- change researchers wanting to
estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information
on different grades of timber. “I’d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum
number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It’s i
mportant to allow
readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data
and code allows your science to be reproducible.”

Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to
organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more
organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.
46.

What do many researchers generallyaccept?
A)

It is imperative to protect
scientists’ patents. B)Repositories are
essential to scientificresearch.
C)

Open data sharing is most important to medicalscience.
D)

Open data sharing is conducive to scientificadvancement.
47.

What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own datapublic?
A)

Opposed.
B)Ambiguous.
C)Liberal.
D)Neutral
48.

According to the passage, what might hinder open datasharing?
A)

The fear of massivecopying.

34
B)

The lack of a researchculture.
C)

The belief that research data is private intellectualproperty.
D)

The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out ofit.
49.

What helps lift some of the barriers to open datasharing?
A)

The ever-growing demand for bigdata.
B)

The advancement of digitaltechnology.
C)

The changing attitude of journals andfunders.
D)

The trend of social and economicdevelopment.
50.

Dryad serves as an example to show how opendatasharing
.
A)

is becoming increasinglypopular
B)

benefits sharers and usersalike
C)

makes researcherssuccessful
D)

saves both money andlabor
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and Decem
ber at stores open
more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult
year for a department store chain facing wide- ranging challenges. Its flagship stores
in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at
many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure
consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new
clothes or accessories.
The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on
unseasonably
warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s year
-over-year declines in comparable
sales can be attributed to shortfalls(
短缺
) in cold-
weather goods,” said chief
executive Teny Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its
forecasts for the full fourth quarter.
However,
it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a
temporary aberration (
偏

离
) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor
financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $$400 million in
cost- cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though
some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to
offer “voluntary separation” packages to
165 senior executives. It will slash
staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000employees.
The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early
2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said
which locations would be affected. None of the chain’s stores in the Washington
metropolitan area are to be closed.
Macy’s
has
been
moving
aggressively
to
try
to
remake
itself
for
a
new
era
of
shopping. It has plans to open more locations of
Macy’s
Backstage, a newly-developed
off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T. J. Maxx.
It’s
also
pushing
ahead
in
2016
with
an
expansion
of
Bluemercury,
the
beauty
chain
it
bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora
or Ulta
instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s hopes Bluemercury will help
strengthen its position in the category.
One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was the online
channel, where it
rang up “double
-
digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in
the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what
was seen in the wilder retail industry during the early part of the holiday season.

35
While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-
store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.
51.

What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in
theU.S.?
A)

It is attributable to the rising value of the .
B)

It is a direct result of the global economicrecession.
C)

It reflects a shift of their interest in consumergoods.
D)

It poses a potential threat to the retail business in theU.S.
52.

What does
Macy’s
believe about itsproblems?
A)

They can be solved with bettermanagement.
B)

They cannot be attributed to weatheronly.
C)

They are not as serious in its onlinestores.
D)

They call for increasedinvestments.
53.

In order to cut costs,
Macy’s
decidedto
.
A)

cut the salary of seniorexecutives
B)

relocate some of its chainstores
C)

adjust its promotionstrategies
D)

reduce the size of itsstaff
54.

Why does
Macy’s
plan to expand Bluemercury in2016?
A)

To experiment on its newbusinessconcept.
B) To focus more on beauty products
thanclothing.
C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices. D) To be more competitive
in sales of beauty products.
55.

What can we learn about
Macy’s
during the holidayseason?
A)

Sales dropped sharply in its physicalstores.
B)

Its retail sales exceeded those of T. .
C)

It helped Bluemercury establish its positionworldwide.
D)

It filled its stores with abundant supply ofmerchandise.


PartIV


Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from
Chinese into English. You should write your answer on
Answer Sheet 2.

宋朝始于
960
年，一直延续到
1279
年。这 一时期，中国经济大幅增长，成为世界上最先进的
经济体，科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展。宋代中国 是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家。宋朝还最
早使用火药并发明了活字（
movable-ty pe
）印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热
闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多 样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体制在当时
也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性 考试选拔任用。

__________________________________ _______________________________________________

_________________________________________ ________________________________________

__________________________________________________ _______________________________

_________ __________________________________________________ ______________________

__________________ __________________________________________________ _____________


36
Translation
(30minutes)