jumping六年级小学英语阅读理解的解题技巧

2021年1月20日发(作者：小学生英语)
六年级小学英语阅读理解的解题技巧

（一）、阅读理解一般分为故事幽默类、说明、科普类等。

1
故事幽默类一般前面都在为幽默做铺垫，只有读到最后才能显现出幽默之出来。

这类短文一般难度不大，认真阅读，仔细选择，问题都可以解决，如
Write a Letter to Mary,
A Dirty Boy, On the Bus
等

2
小学的说明
,
科普类短文都十分浅显
,只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的
,
如
,Time, the Spring
Festival .
等
,
即使文章较长
,
问题也十分明显 ，从文中都能找到答案
.

同学可动手做做下题：根据短文内容选择答案
.

is very good at school, but he is not clean. His face and hands are often dirty. He washes
them with water only. He does not use soap(
肥皂
).

Sam has an uncle. One day his uncle goes to see him. He looks at him and says, “Sam, I know
what you ate for breakfast this morning.”

“What?” Sam looks at his uncle and says.

“Eggs” says his uncle, “Your face and mouth tell me that.”

“You are wrong, uncle!”says Sam, “Not today or yesterday,but the day before yesterday(
前天
)!”

( )(1).Who is Sam?

A. He is English. B. He is a student. C He is a young pioneer. D He is a teacher.

(
)(2) What’s the Chinese for “dirty”?


A. It’s “
脏的
“. B It’s “
干净的
”

C It’s “
坏的

“ D It’s “
好的
”

(
)(3) What’s on Sam’s face and mouth?

A Eggs. B Soap C Water D Bread

( )(4) Which of these is not wrong?


A Sam doesn’t wash his face and hands every day.

B. The uncle thinks the boy ate eggs last morning.


C Sam doesn’t like eggs at all.


D. Sam doesn’t know his uncle.



（二）、解题时有以下几种方法：



（
1
）略读法：关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读， 获得足够的
信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。要特别注意文章首尾两段，第一段往往点明文章主题或作者意图，而最后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。要学会寻
找文章段落 的主题句，因为把每段主题句的意思综合起来实际上就是全文的中心思想，文
章的主题句也可能出现在段 落中间或结尾。



（
2
）查阅法：考生可以不需要阅读 整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，
然后加以阅读就行。查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息， 即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地
点、什么原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。



（
3
）同义互释法：在小学升学考试中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可 以采用同义
互释法。



（
4
）判断推理法：有 时
4
个题项中不止一个可以作为答案项，这时就应该意识到该题
是一个判断推理题。要 根据文章的主旨和作者的意图，选择比较，去伪存真，选出切合文
章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。



（三）、同学们在做阅读理解时应注意的问题有哪些？

１ 、弄清文章体裁，快速理解文章。对不同体裁的文章，要根据其体裁特点，运用不同的
方法快速阅读，正 确理解。记叙文一开始交待人物、时间、地点、事件，然后详细叙述原
因。议论文中，作者先提论点，再 加以分析，或举例论证，得出结论。说明文中，作者先
提出说明对象，然后从时间、空间、用途、方法、 步骤等不同侧面加以说明。

２、仔细研读首尾句，预测文中细节。小学升学考试英语文章往往 隐去了标题，这给抓文
章中心带来了困难。然而，英语的写作特点一般是按

总
-
分
-
总

这一思路来写的。因此，研
读首、尾句，不但可以 帮助考生抓住文章的内容，还可以揣测作者的态度、意图，从而进
一步猜出作者着重要写的细节。

３、略读选答，带问阅读。做英语阅读理解题时，首先应浏览一遍所提问题及选项，然后
带 着这些问题有目的、有针对性地阅读文章。

４、联系生活常识，及早排除错误选项。阅读理解 中四个选项，有时有一个或两个与常识
或其他学科中所学的知识不相符。我们可先将其排队在阅读中对所 剩下的选项进行筛选就
容易多了。

5
、解题前要仔细通读全文，遇到难解的 词组和句子不要急躁，尽量根据上下文悟出其义，
解题时要

带着问题读查短文

分析判断，整题解完后要认真复查。

6
、注意不要改变自己的阅读习惯。有 的考生先看题目后看文章，有的先看文章再看题目，
你平时怎么练，考试就怎么做。临时改变自己的习惯 效果往往不好。其次，看清楚题目是
概括中心型还是推理判断性。概括某一段的中心时注意这一段的首句 和尾句；推理判断题
要注意题目问的是作者的态度，不是你的态度。

（四）、判断正误。


对于阅读试题中的判断正误题，相对比较简单 ，但学生的出错率仍然较大，究其原因，
学生不懂判断的方法，通常是读完试题之后，凭着自己对阅读文 章的大致印象判断。事实
上判断试题与选择、填空的做题方法基本一致，仍需找出试题中的关键词，带着 关键词，
在文中寻找所需信息，然后仔细判断是否与文中信息一致，如一致则正确，，反之错误。
试题：
Mary
is
sick,
Mother
takes
her
to
the
doctor.
首先在试题中寻找关键词：
Mary
，
sick,
Mother< br>，
doctor.
带着这些关键词，在文章中寻找。由于这是阅读文章的第一个试题，所 以
我们将答案定位于文章的首段，文中：
Mother says: “Mary, Let’s go to the doctor for a check.”
“Doctor?” says Mary, “I’m not sick, Why do I need to see the doctor?”
此题与文中
not sick
信息
不一致，所以不正确。最后一题：
The doctor gives Mary a shot, It does not hurt at all.
由于是
最后 一题，信息基本在文章的末断，我们只需将信息定位于文章的末断或上一试题信息之
后，同样带着关键词
shot
寻找。文中
Mary takes a shot, It does not hurt much.
试题中：
not
hurt at all
与
not hurt much
不相符，所以错误。

练习

阅读理解：根据短文内容选择合适的答案，将编号填在括号里

（
1
）

It is a sunny day this Sunday. I usually go shopping with my mother on Sunday. Sometimes I
climb mountains. That’s fun. But not this Sunday. Because the weather report says it’s going to
rain next Sunday. I can’t climb mountains in the rain. I can’t go shopping either. So I want to read
books at home.

( ) 1 What is the weather like this Sunday?

A .It is Sunday. B .It is fine. C .It is rainy.

( ) 2 What do you do on Sunday?

A .I climb hills. B .I go hiking. C .I read books.

( ) 3 Can you climb mountains this Sunday?


A .Yes, I can. B .No, I can’t. C .No, I’m not.

( ) 4 Do you go shopping on Sunday?

A .Yes, I am. B .Yes, I do. C .No, I’m not.

( ) 5 What do you want to do next Sunday?

A I want to read books. B I want to watch TV. C I want to go shopping.

（
2
）

Mr Brown lives in a nice house in a small town with his wife(
妻子
) , Mrs Brown. From Monday
to Friday he works in an office near his house. He is free on Saturdays and Sundays. He has a nice
garden beside his house. He likes growing flowers and he often works in the garden on Saturdays
and Sundays. The flowers are very beautiful and Mrs Brown likes them very much. She often
helps Mr Brown.

( )1. Mr Brown lives in ______with his wife.

A. a city B. a small town C. a big town

( )2. He works______ days a week in his office.

A. four B. five C. six

( )3. He isn’t _______on Saturdays and Sundays.

A. free B. busy C. happy

( )4. He likes ______ on Saturdays and Sundays.

A. working in his garden B. walking in his gardon C. looking at his garden

( )5. Mrs Brown _______ the flowers.


A. like B. doesn’t like C. often helps

（
3
）

One day Mr. and Mrs. White go shopping by car. They stop their car near a store. They buy a lot
of things and they want to put the things in th
e car. But Mr. White can’t open the door of the car,
so they ask a policeman to help them. The policeman is very friendly to help them. Just then a
man comes up and shouts: “What are you doing with my car?” Mr. and Mrs. White take a look at
the car’s number and they are frozen there. It isn’t their car.

( ) 1. Mr. and Mrs. White drive for ____.

A. fishing B. shopping C. business

( ) 2. They stop their car ______.

A. at the parking spot B. near the sea C. near the store

( ) 3. They want to put the things ___.

A. in a big bag B. in their car C. in other’s car

( ) 4. Mr. White can’t open the car, so __________.

A. they walk home B. they ask a policeman to help C. they call a taxi

阅读理解：判断下列句子意思与短文意思是否相符，用
“T”
或
“F”
表示

（
1
）

Today is Feb
ruary 3rd. The weather is windy and cold. I get many cards today. They’re birthday
cards. They’re from my friends. Can you guess why? I wear my new red coat and blue jeans.
They’re very pretty. My mother take me to the zoo.I can see many animals. I’m very
happy today.

( ) birthday is February 3rd.


( ) ’s windy and snowy today.

( ) 3.I can see many trees at the zoo.


( ) 4.I have a new coat. It’s blue.

( ) 5.I have many birthday cards.

（
2
）

My name is Tom. My birthday is June 2nd. The weather is sunny and hot. It’s my favourite season.
On my birthday, I usually have a birthday party. Sometimes we have a picnic. Tomorrow is my
birthday. I am cleaning the room now. My mom is making a birthday cake for me.

( )’s birthday is on Children’s Day.

( )’s warm and sunny in summer.

( )3. Today is June 1st.

( )4. Tom’s mother can make a birthday cake.

( )y there is a birthday party on Tom’s birthday.

（
3
）

Hello. My name is M
illie. I’m thirteen years old. I’m a good boy. I often play volleyball so .I’m fit
and healthy. For breakfast, I always have some bread and an egg and I drink a glass of orange
juice. I sometimes have rice with fish and an apple for lunch. I really love ap
ples, because “An

apple a day keeps the doctor away
（离开）
”. In the evening, I sometimes have a glass of milk or
a cup of green tea and some biscuits. For dinner, I often have soup, meat and vegetables. I like
vegetables because they are fresh and healthy. They are good for me. Look at me! How tall and
strong I am now!

( ) is 14 this year.

( ) likes football very much.

( ) often drinks orange juice for breakfast.

( ) likes apples because they’re healthy.

( )5.I often have vegetables for dinner.



二、阅读理解

2
．
阅读理解阅读短文，判断下列句子正误


Every kind of animals has their own way to live well in winter. In winter, the weather gets colder
and colder. There is snow on the ground. Some animals sleep all the winter. These animals eat
plenty
of
food
in
autumn.
They
need
little
or
no
food
when
they
sleep.
Some
birds
fly
to
the
south
for winter. They
go
to
a warmer
place
to
look
for
food.
Some animals
get much
food
in
autumn and keep it at home. They may grow new and thick fur in autumn, too. Then they can
feel warmer. In winter some animals live in the trees or under the ground.

（
1
）
Every kind of animals has their own way to live well in winter.

（
2
）
In winter, the weather gets warmer and warmer.

（
3
）
Some animals eat plenty of food in autumn and sleep all the winter.

（
4
）
Some birds fly to the north for winter.

（
5
）
In winter some animals live in the trees or under the ground.

【答案】

（
1
）
1

（
2
）
0

（
3
）
1

（
4
）
0

（
5
）
1

【考点】
阅读理解


【解析】
【分析】这是讲述动物如何过冬的短文。


（
1
）句意：每种动物都用自己的方法在冬季获得好。根据短文句子（每种动物都用自己
的方法在冬 季获得好。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。


（
2
）句意：在冬季，天气变得越来越暖和。根据短文叙述


In
winter,
the
weather
gets
colder and colder.


（在冬季天气变得越来越冷。）可知题目叙述错误。故答案为：错误。


（
3
）句意：一些动物在秋季吃大量的食物，整个冬季都在睡觉。根据短文叙述

Some
animals sleep all the winter. These animals eat plenty of food in autumn.


（一些动物整个
冬季都在睡觉。这些动物在秋季吃大量的食物。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确 。


（
4
）句意：一些鸟飞到北方过冬。根据短文叙述（一些鸟飞 到南方过冬。）可知题目叙
述错误。故答案为：错误。


（
5
）句意：在冬季一些动物住在树里或地下。根据短文叙述

In winter some animals live
in
the
trees
or under the
ground.

（在冬季一些动物住在树里或地下。）可知题目叙述正
确。故答案为：正确。


【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文的细节叙述来判断正
误。


3
．
阅读理解阅读短文，选择正确的一项。


Dear Jim,

How are you in the US now? We are in China now. Sam and I are very happy. China is big and
beautiful. People speak Chinese here. We love Beijing. There are many interesting places and lots
of delicious food. I like Chinese food. I like dumplings very much. I can make dumplings now. It's
funny. And I can use chopsticks, but Sam doesn't like them. It's very difficult for him to use them.
I have two good friends. They're Daming and Lingling. They teach me Chinese. Now I can speak a
little Chinese. Please write to me.

Love from,

Amy

（
1
）
Jim is in ________ now.

A. the US
B. England
C. Canada
D. China

（
2
）
Sam doesn't like ________.

A. dumplings B. Beijing C. chopsticks D. Chinese food

（
3
）
Daming is Amy's ________.

A. brother B. teacher C. friend D. classmate

（
4
）
________ can speak a little Chinese.

A. Lingling
B. Sam
C. Amy
D. Daming

（
5
）
This is a letter from ________ to ________.

A. Amy; Jim B. Jim; Amy C. Amy; Sam D. Amy; Daming

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
C

（
5
）
A

【考点】
阅读理解


【解析】
【分析】大意：短文讲述了艾米给吉姆的一封信。


（
1
）根据
How are you in the US now?
可知吉姆在美国，故答案为
A.


（
2
）根据
And I can use chopsticks, but Sam doesn't like them.
可知山姆不喜欢筷子，故答案
为
C.


（
3
）根据
I have two good friends. They're Daming and Lingling.
可知大名是艾米的朋友，故
答案为
C.


（
4
）根据
Now I can speak a little Chinese.
可知艾米可以说一点中文，故答案为
C.


（
5
）根据
Dear Jim,
可知艾米给吉姆的信件，故答案为
A.


【点评】本题考查了阅读 理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息
找出相关句进行选择。




4
．
阅读理解阅读理解


Thanksgiving is a family holiday in autumn in Canada and the USA. In Canada, Thanksgiving is in
October.
In
the
USA,
it
is
in
November.
On
Thanksgiving,
people
have
a
big
dinner
with
their
family. They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food. They also tell Thanksgiving stories
and give thanks to their friends and families.


In
China,
we
also
have
a
family
holiday
in
autumn.
It
is
Mid-Autumn
Festival.
People
get
together with their families to have a big dinner, too. They eat mooncakes, talk happily and enjoy
looking
at
the
beautiful
round
moon.
Mooncakes
are
round
like
the
full
moon.
Some
people
cannot go back home, but they can look at the moon and think about their families.

（
1
）
When is Thanksgiving?

（
2
）
What people usually eat at Thanksgiving?

（
3
）
What does the mooncake look like
？


（
4
）
What is the common point between Thanksgiving and Mid-Autumn Festival?

【答案】

（
1
）
In October or November.

（
2
）
They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food.

（
3
）
Mooncakes are round like the full moon.

（
4
）
People get together have a big dinner with their families.