9669高三英语阅读理解 第2节 推理判断题 4 文章出处或读者对象题

2021年1月20日发(作者：高考用英语怎么说)
四、文章出处或读者对象题


(2019·
全国
Ⅲ
，
D)
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols
consisting
of
numbers
and
selective
letters
with
0
－
25
drops
of
water
or
juice
as
a

researchers then tested how the monkeys combined
—
or added
—
the symbols to get the reward.
Here
’
s
how
Harvard
Medical
School
scientist
Margaret
Livingstone
，
who
led
the
team
，
described the experiment
：
In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch one part
of
the
screen
，
a
symbol
would
appear
，
and
on
the
other
side
two
symbols
inside
a
circle
were
example
，
the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would
have 9 and the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven
drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle
，
they would be rewarded with the sum of the
numbers
—
17 in this example.
After
running
hundreds
of
tests
，
the
researchers
noted
that
the
monkeys
would
go
for
the
higher values more than half the time
，
indicating that they were performing a calculation
，
not just
memorizing the value of each combination.
When
the
team
examined
the
results
of
the
experiment
more
closely
，
they
noticed
that
the
monkeys tended to underestimate(
低估
)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were
close
in
value
—
sometimes
choosing
，
for
example
，
a
13
over
the
sum
of
8
and

underestimation was systematic
：
When adding two numbers
，
the monkeys always paid attention to
the larger of the two
，
and then added only a fraction(
小部分
) of the smaller number to it.
“
This
indicates
that
there
is
a
certain
way
quantity
is
represented
in
their
brains
，”

Dr
Livingstone says.
“
But in this experiment what they
’
re doing is paying more attention to the big
number than the little one.
”

语篇解读

本文是一篇说明文。
哈佛医学院科学家
Margaret Livingstone< br>带领他的团队通过反
复实验得出结论：猴子能算算术，且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。


32
．
What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A
．
They fed them.
B
．
They named them.
C
．
They trained them.
D
．
They measured them.
答案

C
解析

细节理解题。根据第二段首句
“
A
team
of
researchers
trained
three Rhesus
monkeys
to
associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0
－
25 drops
of water or juice as a reward.
”
可知答案为
C
。

33
．
How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A
．
By drawing a circle.
B
．
By touching a screen.
C
．
By watching videos.
D
．
By mixing two drinks.
答案

B
解析

细节理解题。根据第三段末句
“
If
the
monkeys
touched
the
left
side
of
the
screen
they
would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle
，
they would be
rewarded with the sum of the numbers
—
17 in this example.
”
可知答案为
B
。

34
．
What did Livingstone
’
s team find about the monkeys?
A
．
They could perform basic addition.
B
．
They could understand simple words.
C
．
They could memorize numbers easily.
D
．
They could hold their attention for long.
答案

A
解析

细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子多半 时候
会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。故选
A
。

35
．
In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A
．
Entertainment.


C
．
Education.


答案

D
解析

文章出处题。根据全文可知，本文讲述了科学家们通过科学实验得 出猴子能够算算术
的结论。由此可知，该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。故选
D
。< br>
B
．
Health.
D
．
Science.

一、题型解读

几乎所有话题都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。设问形式常有：

(1)This passage would probably/most likely be found in








.
(2)The passage is probably taken from/out of








.
(3)Where does the text probably come from?
(4)The passage is probably intended for








.
(5)What type of writing is this passage?
二、解题技巧
——
内容细节巧判断

1
．
利用内容判断文章出处

(1)
文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→
newspaper
(2)
推销介绍新产品→
advertisement
(3)
文章中有
click here
等网络用语→
website
(4)
旅游胜地方面的介绍→
travel guide
(5)
时 尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→
magazine
/journal/
entertai nment section
(6)
科普知识→
science report
(7)
文化教育类文章→
education section
2
．
利用内容判断文章类别

(1)
旅游景点方面的介绍：
travel guide
(2)
新 产品
/
新书
/
新影片
/
演出介绍：
adverti sement
(3)
活动介绍：
notice/announcement
(4)
文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：
news
(5)
科普知识
/
研究介绍：
science report/
study report
3
．
确定读者对象

先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节判断读者对象。

例如：
【
真 题感悟】
中第
35
题，
通读整篇文章可知，
该文介绍的是哈佛医学院 的科学家
Margaret
Livingstone
带领他的研究团队对猴子进行实 验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，
故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。故选
D< br>项。


A

(2019·
湖北十堰模拟
)
You know the feeling that you have left your phone at home and feel anxious
，
as if you have
lost your connection to the world.
“
Nomophobia
”
(
无手机恐惧症
)
8
affects
teenagers and adults
can even do an online test to see if you have week
，
researchers from Hong Kong
warned that nomophobia is infecting study found that people who use their phones
to store
，
share and
1
access
personal memories suffer users were asked to describe how
they felt about their phones
，
words such as
“
hurt
”
(neck pain was often reported) and
“
alone
”

predicted higher levels of nomophobia.
“
The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and
get
2
attached
to the devices
，”
said Dr Kim Ki Joon.
“
People experience feelings of anxiety and
unpleasantness when
9
separated
from their phones.
”
Meanwhile
，
an American study shows that
smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
So
can
being
without
your
phone
really
give
you
separation
anxiety
？
Professor
Mark
Griffiths
，
psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent
University
，
says it is what is on the phone that
4
counts
—
the social networking that creates Fomo
(fear of missing out)
．

“
We are talking about an Internet-
connected device that allows people to deal with lots of
aspects of their lives
，”
says Griffiths.
“
You would have to surgically remove a phone from a
teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.
”

11
Griffiths thinks attachment theory
，
where we develop emotional dependency on the phone
because it holds details of our lives
，
is a small part of
“
screenagers
”，
it is Fomo
that
creates
the
most
separation

they
can
’
t
see
what
’
s
happening
on
Snapchat
or
Instagram
，
they become panic-
stricken about not knowing what
’
s going on socially.
“
But they
adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there
’
s no Internet
，”
says Griffiths.
语篇解读

本文为说明文。当今社会的许多人成了手机控，只 要手机不在身边就会出现无手
机恐惧症，
会感到焦虑不安，
好像失去了与世界的联系。
这是因为人们把智能手机当作存储、
分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种工具。


1
．
Which of the following may Dr Kim Ki Joon agree with?
A
．
We waste too much time on phones.
B
．
Phones have become part of some users.
C
．
Addiction to phones makes memories suffer.
D
．
Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.
答案

B
解析

推理 判断题。
根据第一段第二、
三、
四句，
第二段中的
“
use rs regard smartphones as their
extended selves and get attached to the devices
”
及最后一段第三句可知 ，现在的手机已成为许
多人生活的一部分了，分析选项可知
B
项符合题意。

2
．
According to Griffiths
，
we get nomophobia because








.
A
．
we are accustomed to having a phone on us
B
．
we need our phones to help us store information
C
．
we worry we may miss out what our friends are doing
D
．
we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble
答案

C
解析

推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的
“
...it
is
what
is
on
the
phone
that
counts
—
the
social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out)
．
”
可知 ，社交网络让人们害怕错过朋
友们发的东西，担心不知道朋友在做什么，分析选项可知
C
项正确。

3
．
Where can you probably find the above passage?

A
．
In a research report.
B
．
In a fashion brochure.
C
．
In a science textbook.
D
．
In a popular science magazine.
答案

D
解析

文章出处题。本文主要叙述了当今社会的 许多人已成为手机控及他们成为手机控的原
因。有的人只要手机不在身边就会出现无手机恐惧症，感到焦 虑不安，好像失去了与世界的
联系，这是因为智能手机是人们存储、分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种 工具。这种文章
一般会出现在科普杂志上。故选
D
项。

B

(2019·
山东临沂质检
)
If you follow these insider tips
，
your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the
popular tourist attractions.
Vatican Museums
：
Vatican City

The Vatican draws more than five million people each year
，
and queues can reach four hours
during
peak
ie
Hudson
，
senior
communications
manager
at
Expedia
，
recommends
choosing a
3
skip
-
the-
line tour.
“
This not only lets you avoid the ticket counter
，
but also includes
the use of a private partner entrance.
”
Extra time to visit the Sistine Chapel? Yes!
Bamboo Forest
：
Kyoto
，
Japan

Bamboo Forest is the most worthy sight in you
’
re
10
longing
to enjoy the pathways
and
take
pictures
in
total
quietness
，
Kyoto
Arashiyama
Travel
Guide
recommends
hitting
the
famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possible
—
think 7 a
．
you
’
re up for

’
t miss these hidden treasures you can only
5
witness
in Japan.
Chichen Itza
：
Yucatá
n
，
Mexico

Home to El Castillo and the Temple of the Warriors
，
Chichen Itza is a must-
to beat
the
rush?
Schedule
an
early
tour
that
takes
place
before
a
site
opens
to
the

by
an
archaeologist
guide
，
it
’
s
full
of
fascinating
insights
and
facts
—
without
tons
of
pack-
wearing
tourists.
Louvre Museum
：
Paris
，
France

The Louvre is one of the most popular museums on the planet.
12
If waiting around in line to get
in
isn
’
t
the
way
you
prefer
to
spend
your
time
in
Paris
，
consider
6
purchasing

a
7
reserved

will give you entry to the pyramid within a half-
hour Louvre is also open
until 9
∶
45 pm on Wednesdays and Fridays
，
if you
’
re up for some late-
night art visits.
语篇解读

本文是一则广 告。
文章介绍了四个旅游景点，
提供给
“
为赶在高峰之前到达的
游客
”
。


4
．
What is recommended at Vatican Museums by Christie Hudson?
A
．
Queuing for four hours.
B
．
Jumping the waiting line.
C
．
Taking a skip-
the-
line tour.
D
．
Visiting the Sistine Chapel.
答案

C
解析

细节理解题。根据
Vatican Museums
：
Vatican City
的第一、二句
“
The Vatican draws
more
than
five
million
people
each
year
，
and
queues
can
reach
four
hours
during
peak
ie
Hudson
，
senior
communications
manager
at
Expedia
，
recommends
choosing
a
skip-
the-
line tour.
”
可知答案为
C
。

5
．
Which of the following are available for early tourists to avoid the rush?
A
．
Vatican Museums and Bamboo Forest.
B
．
Chichen Itza and Bamboo Forest.
C
．
Bamboo Forest and Louvre Museum.
D
．
Chichen Itza and Louvre Museum.
答案

B
解析

推理判断题。
根据
Bamboo Forest
：
Kyoto
，
Japan
中的
“
Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide
recommends
hitting
the
famous
Bamboo
Grove
Path
as
early
in
the
morning
as
possible
”
和
Chichen Itza
：
Yuc atá
n
，
Mexico
中的
“
Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes
place before a site opens to the public.
”
可知选
B
。

6
．
Who might this passage be intended for?

A
．
Visitors interested in museums.
B
．
Guides at the tourist attractions.
C
．
People at the ticket counter.
D
．
Tourists to beat the rush.
答案

D
解析

读者对象题。
根据第一段
“
If you follow these insider tips
，
your photos will look like you
had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attractions.
”
可知，这篇文章可能是写给
“
为赶在
高峰之前到达的游客
”
。故选
D
。


Ⅰ
.
障碍词汇突破

(
一
)
阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思

1
．
In some less developed areas
，
people are eager to access to medical care.
使用

2
．
Though far away from her home
，
she is very attached to her family and friends.
依恋

3
．
What percentage of your classmates regularly skip breakfast
，
the most important meal of the
day
？跳过，不做

(
二
)
同义词语替换

4
．
It is not how much you read but what you read that s/makes a difference
5
．
She
had
the
gift
of
words
to
help
her
get
through
the
hardship
，
heartache
and
major
social
changes she had to witness
6
．
Tablets
are
especially
useful
for
college
students
because
students
can
purchase
e-
books
or
digital(
数字的
) versions of textbooks and store them all in one very portable
7
．
A double room with a balcony overlooking the sea had been reserved for
(
三
)
一词多义

8
．
affect
v
．影响；使感动；使感染

(1) She was deeply affected by the story shared by the homeless boy.
v
.
使感动

(2)With official aid
，
those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
v
.
影响

(3)Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.
v
.
使感染

9
．
separate
adj
.
单独的，分开的

v
．分离；区分；隔开

(1)England is separated from France by the Channel.
v
.
隔开