drank公共管理英语第八章翻译-The Economic Perspective for the People’s Republ

2021年1月20日发(作者：cart)
公共管理英语第八章翻译

The
Economic
Perspective
for
the
People’s
Republic
of
China

中国经济前景

With
a
strong
performance
in
the
trade
sector
after
World
Trade
Organization

accession,
record
inflow
of
foreign
direct
investment,
and
large
fixed
investment,
th
e
country
continued
its
rapid
economic
expansion
in
2002,
recording
one
of
its
fast
est
rates
in
5
years.
Strong
economic
performance
is
expected
to
continue,
though
g
rowth
will
slow
slightly
in
2003-2004.
however,
many
challenges
remain,
including
slow
growth
in
rural
incomes,
the
need
to
create
jobs
and
an
enabling
environment
for
the
private
sector,
growing
disparities
between
the
coastal
and
interior
provinces,

and
financial
sector
weaknesses.
随着加入WTO
后贸易部门的强劲表现，
创纪录的外
国直接投资的流入，以及大量的固定资 产投资，
2002
年，我国经济继续高速扩张，创
下
5
年来最快的速 度。强劲的经济表现可以期望继续下去，尽管
2003-2004
年增长速
度将会稍慢 。然而同时，许多挑战还存在，包括：农村收入增长缓慢，增加就业的需
求，私营企业的需要更宽松的环 境，沿海与内地省份的发展差距，以及金融部门的发
展落后。

1.
Macroeconomic
Assessment
宏观经济评估

GDP
growth
in
PRC
accelerated
to
8%
in
2002
from
7.3%
in
2001,
moving
higher
than
7.8%
average
of
the
previous
5
years.
This
higher
than
expected
figure
resulted
from
exports
performing
better
than
anticipated,
surging
foreign
direct
invest
ment
(FDI),
and
buoyant
domestic
demand.
Expansionary
fiscal
and
monetary
policie
s
also
played
a
rol e.
中国的
GDP
增长率从
2001
年的
7.3%
加速到
2002
年的
8%
，
快于
过去五年
7.8%
的平均水平。
比预计的数字快是由于出口表现好于预期，
外国直接投资
（FDI
）的涌入，以及活跃的国内需求。扩张性的财政与货币政策也扮演了角色。

Industry
(including
construction)
was
the
key
engine
of
economic
growth,
with

value
added
accelerating
to
9.9%
in
2002
from
8.7%
in
2001.
electronic
equipment,

transportation
equipment,
and
chemical
products
all
did
well.
A
surge
in
FDI
and
export
growth
resulted
in
the
value
added
of
the
foreign- funded
enterprises
increasin
g
by
13.3%.
supported
mainly
by
growth
in
transportation,
telecommunications,
and
real
estate,
the
services
sector
expanded
by
7.3%
in
2002
(though
because
of
weakn
esses
in
the
statistical
system,
growth
in
this
sector
is
probably
underestimated).
Des
pite
a
spring
drought,
agriculture
sector
performance
improved
slightly
compared
wit
h
the
previous
2
years,
Grain
output,
which
dropped
by
2.1%
in
2001,
rose
by
1%.
工业（包含建 设）是经济增长的重要龙头，产值增长率从
2001
年的
8.7%
加速到2002
年的
9.9%
。电子设备，交通运输，化学产业发展的都很好。
FDI
的涌入和出口的增长
导致外资企业增长率达到
13.3%
。
主 要受交通运输业，
电讯业，
房地产业的增长支持，
服务业部门在
2002年增长了
7.3%
（由于统计方法的缺陷，这一部门的增长很可能被
低估）。尽管 受到春旱影响，农业部门的表现比过去两年稍有改善。谷物出口下降率
2.1%,
改善了
1%
。

A
surge
in
fixed,
asset
investment,
which
grew
by
16.1%,
stimulated
domestic

demand.
Private
investment
rose
by
15.7%
in
the
year,
faster
than
in
2001.
Across

sectors,
investment
in
real
estate
was
particularly
strong,
registering
a
21.9%
increa
se
in
2002,
as
housing
reforms
and
more
housing
mortgage
loans
led
to
buoyant
pr
operty
market.
Supported
by
the
Government’s
western
region
development
strategy,

1

investment
in
that
region
grew
by
20.6,
faster
than
in
the
central
(20%)
and
easter
n
(16.2)
r egions.
汹涌的固定资产投资增长了
16.1%
，刺激了国内需求。私营资本投 资
增长了
15.7%
，快于
2001
年。跨越各行业之间，房地产业 的投资尤其强劲，
2002
年
登记了
21.9%
的增长，因为住房改 革和更多的住房抵押贷款带动资产市场的上扬。受
政府的西部大开发发展战略的支持，西部投资增长了< br>20.6%
，快于中部的
20%
和东部
的
16.2%
。

Domestic
consumption
strengthened
by
8.8%.
the
steady
growth
in
domestic
s
pending
was
mainly
driven
by
urban
households,,
which
spent
10%
more
than
in
th
e
previous
year.
Rural
residents
spending
registered
a
6.8%
increase,
reflecting
the
c
ontinued
widening
of
urban- rural
income
disparities.
Per
capita
urban
disposable
inco
me
grew
by
13.4%
in
real
terms
to
exceed
CNY7700
($$928),
while
per
capita
real
rural
cash
income
increased
by
only
4.8%
to
reach
CNY2476
($$298).
The
rapid
inc
rease
in
urban
incomes
triggered
a
purchasing
boom
for
private
cars,
telecommunicat
ions
equipment
and
houses
grew
by
69%
and
39%,
respectively.
国内消费增长了
8.
8%< br>。国内消费的平稳增长主要是由于城市居民家庭，他们比去年多支出了
10%
。农
村居民消费增长了
6.8%
，
反映了城乡居民收入差距的扩大在继续。
每个 城市居民实际
的可分配收入增长了
13.4%
达到
7700
元，而每 个农村居民现金收入只增长了
4.8%
达
到
2476
元。城市居民收 入的高速增长引发了对私人汽车、电信产品、住房的购买高
潮。
2002
年，汽车进口 增长了
77%
，通讯设备和住房分别增长了
69%
和
39%
。

As
economic
restructuring
continued,
employment
in
the
state-owned
sector
an

urban
collectives
continued
decreasing.
The
number
of
employees
in
the
state-owne
d
sector
fell
by
4.6
million
in
2001
and
by
the
end
of
2002
had
fallen
by
a
furthe
r
4.8
million.
Excluding
smaller
private
and
informal
sector
activities,
employment
i
n
the
non-state- owned
sector
increased
by
3
million
in
2002.
Based
on
official
stati
stics,
which
underestimate
the
problem,
the
urban
registered
unemployment
rate
rose

from
3.6%
in
2001
to
4%
in
2002.
If
workers
at
state-owned
enterprises
(SOEs)
who
had
not
been
reemployed
were
included,
the
adjusted
unemployment
rate
would

have
been
more
than
7%.
The
development
of
an
urban
social
safety
net
and
refor
m
of
social
security
are
needed
to
ameliorate
the
social
costs
of
the
economic
refor
m
program.随着经济结构调整的继续，国有制部门和城市集体制部门的就业继续下
降。国有部门雇员
2 001
年减少了
460
万人，到
2002
年底之前又多减少了
480
万人。
排除掉更小的私人或非正式的部门活动，
2002
年非国有部 门的雇员增长了
300
万人。
根据官方的统计，城市登记失业率从
2001< br>年的
3.6%
增长到
4%
，它有可能低估了问
题。如果将国有 企业的下岗工人包含在内，调整后的失业率将会超过
7%
。改善经济
改革问题的社会成 本，需要发展城市社会保障和改革社会保险。


Developments
政策发展

Fiscal
poli
cy
has
played
a
key
role
in
stimulating
the
PRC’s
economic
growth

over
the
past
5
years.
Then
Ministry
of
Finance
estimated
that
four
consecutive
fis
cal
stimulus
packages
contributed
1.5,
2,
1.7,
and
1.8
percentage
points
to
GDP
gro
wth
in
the
years
1998-2001,
respectively.
The
Government
issued
CNY150
billion
in

special
bonds
to
finance
the
public
deficit
in
2002.
these
bonds
were
mainly
used
to
finance
public
sector
projects
under
construction,
development
projects
in
the
wes
tern
region,
technological
upgrading
of
key
enterprises,
projects
to
divert
to
divert
w
ater
from
the
south
to
the
north,
and
rural
infrastructure.
财政政策在过去五年扮演了

2
刺激中国经济增长的关键角色。财政部估计在
1998-2001
年，四个连续的财政激励pa
ckages
分别对当年的
GDP
做出了
1.5,2.0, 1.7,
和
1.8
的贡献。
2002
年，政府发行了
1.5
亿特别债券资助公共赤字。这些公债主要用于资助在建的公共部门工程，西部地区的
发展项目， 重点企业的技术升级改造，南水北调工程，以及农村基础设施建设。

To
promote
the
development
of
an
integrated
national
market
and
fair
competi
tion
between
enterprise
in
different
regions,
the
Government
changed
the
methodolog
y
of
income
tax
sharing
between
the
central
and
local
governments.
From
I
January

2002,
corporate
income
tax
revenues
were
no
longer
divided
according
to
the
juris
diction
of
the
enterprise.
Except
for
several
special
industries,
most
of
the
corporate

income
tax
and
all
personal
income
tax
revenue
were
shared
between
the
central
a
nd
local
authorities
at
a
fixed
ratio.
The
central
Government
used
the
income
tax
in
crease
resulting
from
the
reform
for
transfer
payments
from
the
central
budget
to
lo
cal
authorities,
especially
those
in
the
central
and
western
regions.
Government
proc
urement
procedures
were
also
strengthened.
为了促进国内市场一体化的发展以及不同
地区企业的公平竞争，
政府改变了中央和地方 政府对所得税的分配方法。
从
2002
年
1
月
1
日 起，公司所得税收入不再根据企业的管辖划分。除了几个特别的行业，绝大部
分公司所得税和所有的个人 所得税收入按照固定的比例被中央和地方分享。
The
cent
ral
government
used
the
income
tax
increase
resulting
from
the
reform
for
transfer
payments
from
the
central
budget
to
local
authorities,
especially
those
in
the
central

and
western
regions.
Government
procurement
procedures
were
also < br>strengthened.
中
央政府为转拨款项使用了所得税增量起因于改革从中央预 算到地方政府，
特别是那些
在中央和西部地区。政府采购规程也被加强了。

With
WTO
accession,
the
Government
accelerated
the
pace
of
reforming
then
domestic
economy.
A
series
of
adjustments
in
fiscal
and
tax
policies
was
made
in
t
he
first
year
after
WTO
accession
including:
(i)reducing
tariffs
on
more
than
5300
c
ommodities,
resulting
in
the
general
tariff
level
dropping
from
15.3%
to
12%
(
and

further
to
11%
in
early
2003);
(ii)
eliminating
different
treatments
between
domesti
c
and
foreign
enterprise,
such
as
unifying
accounting
standards,
by
applying
the
sam
e
tax
rate
reduction
on
investment
in
encouraged
sectors
and
in
the
western
region;

and
(iii)
raising
the
export
rebate
rates
on
cotton,
rice,
wheat,
and
corn
exports
fro
m
5%
to
13%.
随着加入
wto
组织，
政府加速了改革国内经济的步伐。
在加入
WTO
的
第 一年后，做出了一系列财税政策的调整，包括：（
i
）超过
5300
种商品的 关税被降
低，致使整体关税水平从
15.3%
降低到
12.0%
（< br>2003
年以前降低到
11%
）
;(ii)
消除国
内 和国外企业的差别对待，例如统一会计标准，对在被鼓励发展的部门和西部地区的
投资适用相同的税率减 免。
(iii)
将棉花，大米，小麦，玉米的出口退税率从
5%
提高到
13%
。

On
the
monetary
front,
the
Government
adopted
several
measures
to
stimulate

domestic
demand
and
took
substantial
steps
to
fulfill
its
WTO
commitments.
Conce
rned
that
the
decline

in
SOCB
lending
could
aggravate
deflationary
pressure,
PBC
adopted
the
following
measures:
(i)
it
cut
the
1-year
lending
rate
by
0.5
percentage
point
to
5.3%
in
February;
(ii)
it
raised
the
target
growth
rate
for
M2
from
13%
to

14%
in
May;
and
(iii)
it
issued
a
directive
in
mid-2002
urging
SOCBs
to
increase

lending
to
consumers
and
small
and
medium
enterprise
(SMEs).
在 货币阵线上，
政府
采取一些措施刺激国内需求并且迈出坚定的步伐去履行它在
WTO< br>的承诺。考虑到国

3