alleviated-变成
全新版大学英语综合教程
4
【第二版】习题答案
主编：李荫华
上海外语教育出版社
Unit 1
Part II Text A
lexf Organization
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part
One
Paras
1-2
Introduction
—
Both
Napoleon's
and
Hitler's
military
campaigns
failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.
Part Two
Paras 3-11
Napoleon's military campaign against Russia
Part Three
Paras 12-20
Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union
Part
Four
Para
21
Conclusion
—
the
elements
of
nature
must
be
rekoned
with
in
any
military campaign.
2.
Sections
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Section One
Paras 12-13
Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy
Section
Two
Paras
14-18
the
battles
fought
at
Leningrad,
Moscow
and
Stalingrad
Section
Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war
V
ocabulary
I. 1. 1) alliance
2) at the cost of
3) stroke
4) limp
5) minus
6) regions
7) declarations
8) siege
9) raw
10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll
12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with
2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on
4) drag on
5) get by
6) dine out
7) have cut back
8) get through
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials
due to the dock workers’ s
trike
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests
will/should never get in the way of her
career.
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.
4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of
big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous
regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem
will
weaken
its
strength.
In
many
cases,work
may
be
brought
to
a
halt
by
constant
internal
struggle in an organization.
3)
The
Red
Army
fought
a
heroic
battle
at
Stalingrad
and
won
the
decisive
victory
against
the
Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle,
the
Soviet
troops
withstood
the
German
siege
and
weakened
the
German
army
by
launching
a
series of counterattacks.
Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most
dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words.
4)
Pneumonia
had
severely
weakened
her
body,
and
I
wondered
how
her
fragile
body
could
withstand the harsh weather.
III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks
—
and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm
—
you could easily get burned, especially if you fall
asleep.
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. invasion
2. stand in the way
3. Conquest
4. catching... off his guard
5. launching
6. declaration
7. campaign
8. drag on
9. reckon with
10. bringing...to a halt
(B)
1. allow
2. reckoned
3. highly
4. forecasts
5. rapidly
6. instant
7. delivery
8. advantage
9. observing
10. Powerful
II. Translation
1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3.
Having
been
cut
of
a
job/Not
having
had
a
job
for
3months,
Phil
is
getting
increasingly
desperate.
4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5.
Since
the
chemical
plant
was
identified
as
the
source
of
solution,
the
village
neighborhood
committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.
The
offensive
had
already
lasted
three
days,
but
we
had
not
gained
much
ground. Our
troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division
commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise
attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get
bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a
gamble.
We
started
under
cover
of
darkness
and
pressed
on
in
spite
of
great
difficulties.
By
a
stroke
of
luck,
the
temperature
at
night
suddenly
dropped
to
minus
20
degrees
Celsius
and
the
marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began
attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard,
soon surrendered.
Unit 2Text A
V
ocabulary
I.
1.
1)
expansion
2)
automated
3)
vapor
4)
take
control
of
5)
hazards
6) satellite
7) vibrated
8) magnetic
9) bunched
10) in the air
11)
got/was stuckin
12) approximately
2. 1) send out
2) stand up for
3) pass for
4) were closing in on
5) starting up
6) went through
7) fill out
8) fall into
3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features
2)
…
two trees ten feet apart
3)
…
awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site
4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
5)
…
are correlated in all racial groups
4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to
2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words Blends
Kilo
kilogram
Medicare
medical care
Memo
memorandum
electronic mail
gym
gymnasium
comsat
communications satellite
lib
liberation
newscast
news broadcast
doc
doctor
skyjack
sky hijack
vet
veterinarian
Eurodollar
European dollar
prep
preparatory
brunch
breakfast and lunch
auto
automobile
telecast
television broadcast
flu
influenza
Oxbridge
Oxford and Cambridge
III. 1. swimming pool
2. drawing board
3. enriched Middle English
4. disturbing
change
5.
fully
developed
prototype
6.
Canned
foods
7.
working
population
8.
puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1.
1) computerized
2) start up
3) be poised to
4) alert
5)hazards
6) monotonous
7)
take
control
of
8)
steer
9)
lane
10)
decrease
11)
calculate
12)
eliminate
13) getting stuck in
14) mounted
15) detect
16) vapor
2.
1)
generates
2)
related
3)
revolutionized
4)
enabled
5)
opportunities
6)
overall
7)
manufacturing
8)
dependent
9)
interact
10) fatalities
II. Translation
1
．
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in
living standards and an increase in social problem.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global
temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
2.
Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever
the
way
people
live,
travel,
and
do
business.
On
the
other
hand,
they
have
brought
hazards,
especially highway fatalities. However, today
the
application
of
computer
technology
and
electronic
sensors
in
designing
and
manufacturing
cars
makes
it
possible
to
eliminate
most
of
traffic
accidents.
For
example,
electronic
sensors
mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can
also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly
reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.
Unit 3
Text A
Content questions
1. He runs a manufacturing company.
2. Almost all of them were no.
3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.
4. Prepare to win.
5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.
6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court.
7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.
8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.
9. His efforts to make a difference.
was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in
years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.
11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off
from there.
12
Carlson
was
excited
about
being
first,
which
is
exactly
what
the
writer
recommends
to
job
applicants.
Text Organization
1.
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1- 6
An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.
Part Two
Paras 7-27
Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.
Part Three
Paras 28-31
Make your own tracks in whatever you do.
2.
Suggestions
Examples
1) Prepare to win.
1) Michael Jordan
2) Never stop learning.
2) a 90-year-old tennis player
3)
Believe
in
yourself,even
when
no
one
else
does
3)
the
four-minute
mile,
the
New
York
Marathon and the
Vietnam veteran.
4) Find a way to make a difference.
4) a New York cabdriver.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.
(1) checked with
(2) interview
(3) grill
(4) clippings
(5) be right for
(6) follow up
(7) indicating
（
8
）
hand-delivered
(9) prepared
(10) prospective
Language Focus
I. 1.
1)
rude
2)
physically
3)
structure
4)
made
a
difference
5)
blurted
(out)
6) chuckling
7) measurable
8) prospective
9) preparations
10)
sparkled
11) took a crack at
12) partner
2.
1) go after
2) look back at/on
3) be put up
4) stood for
5) build in
6) follow up
7) be hooked up to
8) closed up
3.
1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams tha
t she could one day dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers’ hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview.
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.
4.
1
）
applicants,veteran, the prospective
2
）
From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after
3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. behave
2. used to avoid repetition
3. Clean
4. get along
5. perform/complete
6. perform/complete
7. study
8. be enough
9. be acceptable
III. Usage
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something
here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily
newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you
in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1.
(1) prospective
(2) As I see it
(3) done your homework
(4) beforehand
(5) endeavor
(6) structure
(7) partners
(8) Respond
(9) take a crack
(10) from the standpoint
(11) make a difference
(12) follow up
2.
(1) encouraging
(2) inquiry
(3) relevant
(4) samples
(5) references
(6) advice
(7) preparing
(8) seriously
(9) probably
(10) exhibit
II. Translation
1.
1)
Despite
the
inadequate
length
of
the
airstrip
in
this
emergency
landing,
the
veteran
pilot
managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.
2)
Grilled
by
the
reporters,
the
movie
star
eventually
blurted
(out)
that
she
had
undergone
two
plastic surgeries.
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll
have the future
in our hands.
4) If
I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home,
I would have made
better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.
5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to
be built in the earthquake-stricken area.
2.
Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do
his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his
homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in
a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers
who
interview
prospective
employees
like
people
who
are
well
prepared.
Those
who
make
no
endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance
of success.
Unit 4
Text A
Text rganization 1.
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-3
Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum
Part Two
Paras 4-5
Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culture
Part Three ppppPTThreeThree
Paras 6-8
History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects
Part Four
Paras. 9-11
Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces
2.
Main Events
1. Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.
2. Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice, not an accident of birth.
3. Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology
across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.
4.
Davos
Man
sees
the
world
increasingly
as
one
vast,
interconnected
market-place
in
which
corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and
services.
V
ocabulary
I.
1) advantageous
2) let alone
3) witnessing/vanishing
4) landmark
5) entitled
6) displace
7) Establishment
8) patriotic/strengthen
9) contradictions
10) aspires
11) divorced
12) pendulums
2.
1) come to
2) dozed off
3) believed in
4) was set apart
5) take in 6) sucks in
7) clean up
8
) turn away
3.
1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.
2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world
’
s biggest car maker.
3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.
4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.
5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes,
let alone cook a meal.
5. a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investment
b) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance between
c) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scale
II.
Word Formation
WTO
World Trade Organization
世界贸易组织
GDP
Gross domestic product
国内生产总值
ATM
Automated teller machine
自动出纳机
V
AT
Value-added tax
增值税
CAD
Computer-aided design
计算机辅助设计
IT
Information technology
信息技术
IDD
International direct dialing
国际直拨电话
MTV
Music television
音乐电视
Radar
Radio detecting and ranging
雷达
IOC
International Olympic Committee
国际奥委会
VIP
Very important person
贵宾，大人物
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