wrangle习惯上后只接to-do-sth的名词

2021年1月20日发(作者：仰望)
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习惯上后接
to do sth
的名词

有些名词后接一个动词作定语时，该动词通常用不定式形式，而不用
of
doing
sth
结构。
这类名词比较常用的有以下一些。

1. agreement
协议

表示
“
做某事的协议
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

They had an agreement never to talk about work at home.
他们约定在家里决不谈工作。

We have an agreement to always tell each other the truth about everything.
我们约定无论何
时彼此都要讲实话。

2. appointment
约定

表示
“
做某事的约 定
”
，其后通常接不定式，尤其用于
have [make] an appointment to do
sth
结构。如：

I have an appointment to see the doctor.
我约好要去看医生。

I’ve

got an appointment to see Ms Edwards at two o’clock.

我与爱德华在
2
点钟有约会。

I keep trying to make an appointment to see him, but he has been ducking me.
我一直努力约
见他，但他始终回避我。

有时不定式前可以用
for sb
引出不定式的逻辑主语。如：

She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。

3. anxiety
渴望；焦急，着急

表示
“
某人急于（渴望）做某事
”，其后通常接不定式。如：

Her anxiety to go was obvious.
她亟于想去是很明显的。

I nearly fell in my anxiety to get downstairs quickly.
我急匆匆地下楼，差点摔倒。

In my anxiety to succeed, I overworked myself.
由于急于求成，我把自己累坏了。

有时可将其中的不定式改为
for sth
，但不宜改为
for doing sth
。如：

他渴望成功之心使他努力工作。

误：
His anxiety for succeeding led him to work hard.

正：
His anxiety to succeed led him to work hard.

正：
His anxiety for success led him to work hard.

4. aspiration
渴望，抱负，志气

表示
“
做某事的志向或渴望
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

She was filled with the aspiration to succeed in life.
她渴望有所成就。

He has an aspiration to become a scholar.
他怀有要成为学者的抱负。

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He has never had any aspiration to earn a lot of money.
他从未企图赚很多钱。

5. attempt
尝试，试图

表示
“
做某事的尝试（企图）
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

The storm discouraged his attempt to sail.
暴风雨打消了他扬帆航行的念头。

She sent a sample of her work in an attempt to get a job.
她寄去一份作品样本希望获得聘
用。

I am afraid my attempt to make a cake was not very successful.
恐怕我这蛋糕做得不怎么
样。

其中的不定式有时可换成
at doing sth
。如：

All their attempts to reach [at reaching] the summit failed.
他们攀登顶峰的所有尝试都失败
了。

6. competence
能力，胜任

表示
“
做某事的能力
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

I doubt his competence to do the work.
我怀疑他是否有能力做那项工作。

He gradually developed the competence to deal with the more difficult cases.
他逐渐培养出
了处理更困难问题的能力。

7. call
必要，理由；愿望，冲动

表示
“
做某事的必要（需要）
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

There is no call to be anxious.
没有焦急的必要。

You have no call to do that.
你没有必要那样做。

Many young people are feeling the call to do charity work.
许多年轻人都对从事慈善事业
有着强烈的愿望。

8. courage
勇气

表示
“
做某事的勇气
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

He lacks the courage to speak the truth.
他缺乏说实话的勇气。

She was trying to summon up the courage to leave him.
当时她试图鼓足勇气离开他。
注意
courage
后接不定式时，其前有时有定冠词，有时没有，比如在
hav e the courage
to do sth
（有勇气做某事）中通常要用定冠词，在
take [gain, gather] courage to do sth
（鼓起
勇气做某事）中通常没有定冠词，而在
find (the) courage to do sth
（鼓起勇气做某事）中的
定冠词可以用也可以省略。如：

She didn’t have the courage to tell him the truth.

她没有勇气告诉他实情。

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It takes courage to speak out against the tide of opinion.
跟舆论唱反调需要勇气。

有时
courage
后接
in doing sth
，表示
“
做某事时（表现出来的）勇气
”
。如：

She has shown immense courage in opposing a corrupt and violent regime.
她在反对腐败残
暴的政权时表现出了大无畏的精神。

注意，下面一句中
courage
后的不定式不是定语，而是句子主语：

It may require courage to speak freely.
要有勇气才能直言不讳。

9. confidence
信心

表示
“
做某事的信心
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

I had not enough confidence to go ahead.
我没有足够的信心干。

Good training will give a beginner the confidence to enjoy skiing.
良好的训练会给初学者
带来享受滑雪乐趣的自信心。

但是，相应的形容词
confident
后却接
of doing sth
而不接不定式。如：

He was confident of succeeding.=He was confident that one would succeed.
他有信心能成
功。

10. conspiracy
阴谋

表示
“
做某事的阴谋
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

This action was part of a conspiracy to deceive the public.
这次活动是欺骗公众的一场阴谋
的一部分。

Party officials have uncovered a conspiracy to discredit the prime minister.
党内官员揭露了
败坏首相名声的阴谋。

The charges against them include conspiracy to smuggle heroin.
对他们的指控包括搞海洛
因走私的阴谋活动。

11. campaign
战役，运动

表示
“
做某事的战役（运动）
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

We arguably needs a campaign to promote respect for law.
我们无可争辩地需要进行一次
遵法的运动。

They began a campaign to get more members for the society.
他们开始了一场征收新会员
的运动。

They enlisted my support for the campaign to keep the hospital open.
在为继续开办那家医
院而开展的活动中，他们得到了我的支持。

12. curiosity

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表示
“
做某事的好奇
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

We were burning with curiosity to know what had happened.
我们急切想知道发生了什么
事。

Many people feel a great curiosity to find out about their antecedents.
许多人对了解自己祖
先的情况非常好奇。

13. disposition
倾向，意向

表示
“
做某事的倾向（意向）
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

He has a disposition to take offense easily.
他脾气不好，容易发怒。

There was a general disposition to ignore the problem.
人们一般都忽视了这个问题。

Neither side shows the slightest disposition to compromise.
双方都没有表现出丝毫妥协的
意思。

14. decision
决定

表示
“
做某事的决定
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

His decision to retire surprised all of us.
他决定退休使我们大家为之一惊。

He took the fatal decision to marry Martha.
他作了危险的决定，要和马莎结婚。

You were quite right in your decision to refuse.
你予以拒绝的决定是恰当的。

The company has come under fierce attack for its decision to close the factory.
因为决定要
关闭工厂，公司受到猛烈攻击。

15. disinclination
不情愿，免强

表示
“
不情愿做某事
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

I have a strong disinclination to do any work.
我不愿做任何工作。

I have quite a disinclination to retire on a pension.
我很不愿意领养老金退休。

16. desire
欲望

表示
“
做某事的欲望
”“
想做某事
”
，其后通常接不定式 。如：

He has an innate desire to win.
他天生有一种求胜的欲望。

He felt the least desire to go to bed.
他完全不想去睡觉。

She expressed a desire to go on vacation.
她表示了想休假的愿望。

He has neither talent nor the desire to learn.
他既无天分也不想学习。

偶尔也接
of doing sth
，但很不普通。如：

His desire of returning to his family is natural.
他想回家是很自然的。

17. eagerness
渴望

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表示
“
做某事的渴望
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

I could see her eagerness to see you.
我看得出她渴望见到你。

I couldn’t hide my eagerness to get back home.

我无法掩饰想回家的渴望。

She was distressed to see his eagerness to go away.
看到他急于要走她很难过。

18. evidence
证据

表示
“
做某事的证据< br>”
，其后通常接不定式，且主要用于
there be
句式或与动词
have
连
用。如：

We have enough evidence to prove him innocent.
我们有充分的证据证明他是无罪的。

There is no evidence to connect him with the crime.
没有证据显示他和这起罪行有关。

19. effort
努力

表示
“
做某事的努力
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

Many countries are making a strong effort to reduce pollution.
许多国家在下大力气减少污
染。

Many airlines now offer substantial discounts in an effort to remain competitive.
许多航空公
司为了保持竞争力而提供相当大的折扣。

有时也接
at doing sth
。如：

His efforts to find [at finding] his daughter failed.
他设法要找到他女儿的努力失败了。

20. fortune
运气，命运

表示
“
做某事的运气（命运）
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

Then he had the bad fortune to fall ill.
后来他不幸生病了。

He had the fortune to escape being punished.
他逃脱了惩罚，真是幸运。

I had the good fortune to work with people I liked.
我很幸运，可以与我喜欢的人一起工作。

21. failure
失败；没做到

用于
failure to do sth
，表示
“
没做成某事
”
。如：

I am puzzled by his failure to reply to my letter.
他不给我回信使我百思不解。

His failure to react quickly enough caused the crash.
他由于反应不够迅速而导致了撞车。

Failure to say “No” may, by implication, be taken to mean “Yes”.

没表示否定，其含义可
能理解为是肯定的。

22. freedom

自由

表示
“
做某事的自由
”
，其后通常接不定式。如：

He enjoyed complete freedom to do as he wished.
他享有完全按照自己的意愿行事的自由。