squared2016考研英语：1999翻译真题精练精讲

2021年1月20日发(作者：脑图英语)
凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，


考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！


2016
考研英语：
1999
翻译真题精练精讲


一、全真试题



（
71
）
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are
historians
，
modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the
attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the
web of its own time and place
，
each generation of historians determines anew what
is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always
incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of
the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are
but contributions to an unending process.


（
72
）
Interest
in
historical
methods
has
arisen
less
through
external
challenge
to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal
quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to
literature and philosophy
，
the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater
opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an
understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a
discipline
governed
by
the
primacy
of
historical
sources
rather
than
the
imperatives
of the contemporary world.


（
73
）
During this transfer
，
traditional historical methods were augmented by
additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the
historical study.


Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical
profession.


（
74
）
There
is
no
agreement
whether
methodology
refers
to
the
concepts
peculiar
to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the
various
branches
of
historical
inquiry.
Historians
，
especially
those
so
blinded
by
their
research
interests
that
they
have
been
accused
of
“
tunnel
method
，
”
frequently
fall victim to the
“
technicist fallacy.
”
Also common in the natural sciences
，
the
technicist
fallacy
mistakenly
identifies
the
discipline
as
a
whole
with
certain
parts of its technical implementation.


（
75
）
It
applies
equally
to
traditional
historians
who
view
history
as
only
the
external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who
equate their activity with specific techniques.


二、翻译题解



（
71
）
Whiletherearealmost
as
many
definitions
of
historyastherearehistorians,
modern
practice
most
closelyconformsto
onethatseeshistory
as
the
attempt
to
凯程考研，考研机构，
10
年高质量辅导，值得信赖！
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供高效、专业的服务，团队合作
,
为学员服务，为 学员引路。

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recreate and explain the significant events of the past.


句子拆分：



拆分点参考：从属连词，标点符号，



While
there
are
almost
as
many
definitions
of
history
//as
there
are
historians,
//
modern
practice
most
closely
conforms
to
one
//
that
sees
history
//as
the
attempt
to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.


解析：



（
1
）主句中
one
是宾语，后面的
that
从句是它的定语 从句。



（
2
）
see...
as...
把……看作是，介词短语
as
the
attempt
做
see
的状语，不定式短
语
to recreate and explain...
作名词
the attempt
的定语。



词的处理：



while
虽然，尽管



definitions
定义，界定



modern practice
现代（补词：史学家的
)
实践



conforms to
符合于，趋向于认为



attempt
试图，尝试



技巧点拨：



（
1
）主干结构是
While there are almost as... as there are... +
主句，
While
引
导让步状语从句，从句中
as...as
结构是比较级，这句话直译“为有多少历史 学家，
就有多
少关于历史的定义”
但是这个汉语译文不符合汉语的习惯。
因为 在英语句子中，
比较的两者
是“历史学定义的数量”和“历史学家”的数量，两个数量是一致的 是可以比较的。但若翻
译为
“有多少个历史学家，
就有多少个关于历史的定义”
，
就感觉是
“历史学的定义”
和
“历
史学家”在做比较。所以可以 进一步调整为“几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定”。



（
2
）
modern practice most closely conforms to one
：
modern practice
可以直接
翻译为“现代实践”。但是，汉语里“实践”这个词常常不用“现代”等形容词修饰，可通
过适当的增 词，把这个“实践”进一步指明。联系上下文可知，这里的“实践”是指“历史
学家的实践”。另外，< br>one
是不定代词，



（
3
）
to
recreate
再现，重现（不能说“重新创造历史”）

，
events
“事件”，结合
上下文引申为“史实”。



完整译文：



几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界 定，
但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是
试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。


（
72
）
Interest
in
historical
methodshas
arisenless
through
external
challenge
to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal
quarrels among historians themselves.


句子拆分：



拆分点参考：连词，介词



Interest in historical methods has arisen // less through external challenge
to the validity of history as an
intellectual
discipline //
and more from internal
quarrels among historians themselves.


解析：



（
1
）主干结构是一个简单句：
Interest... has arisen less through ...and more
from...


（
2
）并列状语
less through ...and more from
的翻译是关键，
through
和
from
意思
凯程考研，考研机构，
10
年高质量辅导，值得信赖！

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供高效、专业的服务，团队合作
,
为学员服务，为学员引路。
凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，


考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！

完全相同，表示原因，直译“比较少的是因为……，更多的原因是……”



（
3
）
challenge
后面的不定式短语
to the validity of history as an intellectual
discipl ine
是它的定语，
直译
“对历史作为一门学科的正确性提出异议”
，
internal
quarrels
后面的介词短语
among historians themselves
作
quarrels
的定语。



词的处理：



interest in historical methods
对历史方法的关注（兴趣）



arisen
来自于，产生于



challenge
质疑，挑战



validity
真实性，正确性



as an intellectual discipline
作为一门学问（一个学科领域）



internal quarrels
内部意见不统一，内部分歧



技巧点拨：



less
…
and more
…：在此直译的话是“少数是因为……多数是因为……”根据汉语 的
习惯，可以翻译为“主要是因为
......
，其次是因为
......< br>”
,
“与其说是因为……
,
不如说
是因为……”。



完整译文：



人们之所以关注历史研究的 方法论，
主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，
其次是因为外界
并不认为历史是一门学问。



（
73
）
During this transfer, traditional historical methodswere augmentedby
additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the
historical study.


句子拆分：



拆分点参考：标点符号，介词短语，过去分词



During this transfer, //traditional historical methods were augmented //by
additional methodologies// designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the
historical study.


解析：



（
1
）主干结构是一个被动语态的简单句：
...methods were augmented by...


（
2
）介词短语
by additional methodologies
做状语修饰
augmented


（
3
）过去分词短语
designed to...
作
methodologies
的定语。



词的处理：



transfer
转变



augmented
充实，补充



additional methodologies
新方法



designed to
用来



interpret
阐释，解释，说明



技巧点拨：



（
1)
这个句子是一个被动结构 。
可以直接翻译为
“传统的历史方法被新的方法论增加
（充
实）了”。根据被 动结构的翻译方法，可采取主宾颠倒的方式，用英语中被东结构的主语来
做汉语译文的宾语。这样可翻译 为；新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。



（
2)the new forms of evidence
新的证据形式，根据上下文意思引申为在历史学研究
中的新史料



（
3
）
in the historical study
在（补译：历史学家）研究历史时



完整译文：

凯程考研，考研机构，
10
年高质量辅导，值得信赖！

以学员的前 途为已任，为学员提
供高效、专业的服务，团队合作
,
为学员服务，为学员引路。