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住院英语翻译的基本常识解析

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2021-01-20 20:50
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吐烟圈-住院

2021年1月20日发(作者:compact是什么意思)
翻译的基本知识

一、翻译的定义

奈达:






Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor
language the closest natural equivalent of the source
language message, first in terms of meaning and

secondly in terms of style.

——
Eugene A. Nida
二、翻译的标准

奈达:






The receptors of a translation should comprehend

the translated text to such an extent that they can

understand how the original receptor must have understood the
original text.
——

Eugene A. Nida

Eugene A. Nida
(November 11, 1914

August 25, 2011)

was
the
developer
of
the
dynamic- equivalence
Bible-translation theory.
四、翻译的方法

1 .

直译(
Literal translation


例子:

C.O.D.

(cash on delivery)

货到付现






blue chip

蓝筹股






一箭双雕



hit two hawks with one arrow
意译(
Free translation


例子:

WPA

水渍

blue chip

绩优股


一箭双雕



kill two
birds with one stone




广





Advertising
is
the
non-personal
communication of

information usually paid for and usually persuasive in

nature about products, services or ideas by identified
sponsors through the various media.

——
American Marketing Association


二、广告的分类

1.

理性广告(

Rational ads
)情感广告(
Emotional ads


三、广告的组成部分

1.

Headline Subhead Text (body) Logo slogan
I’m lovin’ it!

(麦当劳)

我就喜欢!

Good to the last drop.

Maxwell coffee


滴滴香浓,

意犹未尽。

Just do it.
(耐克运动鞋)只管去做。

We lead, others copy.

Ricoh
复印机)
我们领先,
别人模仿。

Minolta, finest to put you finest.
(美能达相机)

第一流的美能达,

第一流的你。

I’m More satisfied.
(摩尔香烟)摩尔香烟,令我更爱。

Have a Break. Have a Kit-Kat.
(奇巧巧克力)

轻松一刻,

奇巧时刻。

It’s finger
-licking good.


吮指回味,其乐无穷。
(肯德基)

Let us make things better.


让我们做得更好。
(飞利浦)

To lighten the burden of womankind.
我们为女人减负。
(水晶
洗衣机)

The un-cola, 7-up.


非可乐
——
七喜。

You are not fully clean until you’re Zestfully clean.

干净?

用激爽。

(激爽,

沐浴产品)

Go well, go Shell.


使用壳牌汽油,

保您一路不愁。

Born to run.


天生奔驰。

The world leader in oral care.


(高露洁)

口腔护理,

引领世界。

Originality---Integrity--- Innovation.

Levi’s


独特
——
完美
——
创新。

Small. Smart. Smile.
Pentax: See the difference.
小巧。

灵便。微笑。

宾得相机:不一样,

就是不一样。

No problems too large. No business too small.



IBM


没有解决不了的大问题,没有不做的小生意。

We take no pride and prejudice.


Time
杂志)

傲慢与偏见,

均与我们无缘。

汉英句子的结构差异与翻译

一、汉英句子的结构差异

英语是形合型(
hypotaxis
)语言

汉语是意合型(
parataxis
)语言


西洋语言是法治的,中国语言是人治的。


英语句子结构是语法的,汉语句子结构是语义的。

英语句子的基本结构是
SV(O)


2 .

英语多采用静态,

汉语多采用动态


1



The meeting was a success.

会开得很成功。


2



We are short of hands.

我们正缺人手。

英语被动句多于汉语


1


A few years ago, it was thought unusual that programs
could be called up by viewers to be displayed on their screens at
home.
几年前,

人们还以为,

观众打电话要求
……


2


She was asked about 10 questions during the interview.

面试时问了她十来个问题。

4 .

英语多复合长句,汉语多简单短句。

例:


I
took
it
for
granted
that
there
would
be
plenty
of

graduates
in
the
area
who
would
be
willing
to
work
for
a
joint-venture
like
ours.



我想当然地以为,

这地区会有大
量的大学毕业生,

愿意为我们这样一家合资企业工作。

5.

英语多头轻脚重(孔雀尾)










汉语多头重脚轻

(狮子头)

例:揭穿这种老八股、老教条的丑态给人民看,

号召人民
起来反对老八股、老教条,

这就是五四运动的一个极大功
绩。


A tremendous achievement of the May 4th Movement was its
public
exposure
of
the
ugliness
of
old
stereotype
and
the
old
dogma and its call to the people to rise against them.
6 .

英语重时态,汉语轻时态。

例:
What
are
you
doing?
What
were
you
doing
at
this
time
yesterday?

你在干什么?

昨天这个时候,

你在干什么?

7.

英语常用间接肯定与否定,汉语常用直接肯定与否定。


1

I can’t agree with you more.

我非常赞同你的意见。


2

We found the quality of the goods below the standard.










我们发现这些产品的质量没有达标。

8 .

英语多用代词,汉语少用代词。

例:
He
hated
failure;
he
had
conquered
it
all
his
life,
risen


above it, and despised it in others.







他讨厌失败。

他一生中曾战胜失败、
超越失败,


且藐视别人的失败。

三、企业名称的翻译

1.

音译法

例:
ASEM China Co., Ltd.

阿塞姆洁具贸易(中国)有限公





Ford Motor Company

福特汽车公司




Bayer China Co., Ltd.


拜耳中国有限公司




Dow Corning (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

道康宁
(上海)
有限公





William Grant & Sons Ltd.

威廉
·
格兰特父子有限公司




Midland Bank


英国米兰银行

2.


直译法

例:
Gulf Oil Corporation

海湾石油有限公司




Nippon Electric Company


日本电气公司



International Business Machines Corporation


国际商用机
器公司

3.

历史沿用法

例:

First National City Bank


花旗银行






Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation


汇丰银行





Imperial Chemical Industries



卜内门化工公司

3.


音义结合法

例:
EasyJet


易捷航空公司

Goodyear Tire & Rubber




特异轮胎橡胶公司




Benz



奔驰

P&G



宝洁公司


直接引用法

例:

A.
O.
Smith



A
·

O
·

史密斯公司
IBM
(China)



IBM
(中国)

一、英语成语翻译技巧

借用法


1

Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
得寸进尺


2

Give him an inch and he'll take an ell
杀鸡取卵


3


a rat in a hole
瓮中之鳖

直译法


1

to show one

s cards

put / lay (one's) cards on the table
摊牌



2


at a snail

s pace


蜗牛般的速度


3

like a fish out of water








如鱼离水


4


in one ear and out the other




左耳进,右耳出


4


strike while the iron is hot






趁热打铁

3.

意译法


1

by hook or by crook
不择手段










2


as poor as
a church mouse
一贫如洗





3

wolf in sheep's clothing

披着羊皮的狼


4


put all one's
eggs in one basket

孤注一掷

汉语联合式四字成语的英译方法


1
)同义词交叉搭配的成语

通常只需译出其中一组的意
思。

例如:兵荒马乱
turmoil of war
愁眉苦脸


gloomy face

2
)反义词交叉搭配的成语

通常前后两部分都要译出。

例如:貌合神离


appear united outwardly but divided at heart






深入浅出


explain the profound in simple terms

3
)同义词和反义词搭配的成语

有时只需译出一个部分,

有时需要将前后两个

部分都译出。

例如:冷嘲热讽


be
ironical

温故知新
gain
new
insights
through reviewing old material

4
)四字分两组重叠式的成语

只需意译。

例如:马马虎虎



carelessly
勤勤恳恳



diligently

5
)四字分两组正反式成语

只需意译。

例如:悲欢离合



sorrow and joy, be near and apart



古今
中外


anytime and anywhere
1.

音译法

例:
Philips

飞利浦



Fanta


芬达


Elizabeth
Arden


丽莎白
·
雅顿






省音译法

例:

McDonald’s


麦当劳



Budweiser




百威

谐音译法例:

OMO


奥妙
Benz


平治

4.

直译法

例:
Crocodile


鳄鱼








Camel


骆驼



Arrow





自创法例:

Duracell



金霸王


Neutrogena



露得清






Rejoice



飘柔

不译例:

LG NEC3M
Directions:




Remove
cap.
Spray
it
on
the
surface
of
the
object and wipe with clean paper towel or dry cloth.
Caution:




In case of eye contact, clean your eyes with

water.


If
swallowed,
drink
plenty
of
water
and
consult
physician immediately.

1

If you want to interrupt recording, you should press Pause.

2

Should you encounter any problems during the installation
of this fax machine,

please refer to the trouble- shooting guide
before calling the service center.
频繁使用被动语态


1

Additional information can be found in the electronic

user’s manual which is
located on the CD-ROM.

2

The fan belt tension should be checked regularly.

3

This product can be used in hot water or steam line with
the temperature limited to 225
°
C.

1

Tupperware cups have many series, each having its own
designer.
大量使用独立分词结构


2

Test the effect of the two speakers with both turned to the
largest volume.

3

This phenomenon of howling is caused by the microphone
picking up the sound output from the speaker.
大量使用动词不定式


1

To prevent this, first decrease the volume, then place the
microphone so that it is not pointed to the speaker and that there
is sufficient distance between the microphone and the speaker.

2

For a transistor to work properly, it is necessary to apply
proper voltages to its electrodes.
商品说明书翻译练习

1.

Twice a week it will make the skin even, white and elastic.
2.
Apply
a
small
amount
to
the
face
and
gently
massage
with circular movement until absorbed. Use after cleaning in the
morning and evening or whenever necessary.
3.

If
the
cigarette
lighter
fails
to
come
back
to
its
normal
position automatically in 18 seconds, it means it may have
something
wrong,
and
must
be
put
back
to
its
normal
position manually.
3.


The
drug
should
not
be
administered
to
patients
with
known hypersensitivity to penicillin.
一、

商务英语中数词的互译

1.

实指

例:

The first phase of domestic air freight village, which covers
an
area
of
about
40,000
square
meters,
has
a
yearly
handling
capacity of 500,000 tons.
译文:

国内航空货运站第一期占地约
4
万平方米,

年吞吐
量达

50
万吨。

一、

商务英语中数词的互译

虚指(
1
)等值翻译


1

Two is company,

three is none.
译文:

两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝。


2


We need to figure out a method to settle these technical
problems once and for all.
译文:

我们必须想办法一劳永逸地解决这些技术问题。


2
)不等值翻译例
1

Two heads are better than one.
译文:

三个臭皮匠,

顶个诸葛亮。

2


We have just moved
into the new office

and everything is at sixes and sevens.

文:

我们刚搬进新办公室,因此东西都是乱七八糟的。


3



Once bitten, twice shy.
译文:

一朝被蛇咬,
十年怕井
绳。


4

The economic recession has put our new business behind
the eight ball.

译文:

经济不景气使我们的新业务处于很不利的处境。

5


We will think twice before we sign that contract.
译文:

在签署
那份合同之前,

我们会三思而行。例
6


我们都是来自五
湖四海。译文:


We are from all corners of the country.

二、

商务英语中量词的互译

增加量词


1

Would you please provide a receipt for us.
译文:

能否请你们给我们开一张收据
?

2

To our dismay, we find three computer screens got broken
during shipment.
译文:

使我们失望的是
,
我们发现三台电脑显示屏在运输途
中破裂。

选择量词


1

We would like to order 500 pairs of pliers with
the article no. of H846.
译文:

我们想订购
500
把货号为
H846
的钳子。


2

The
price
quoted
is
for
quantities
smaller
than
5
metric
tons.
For
orders
of
larger-than-5-ton
quantities,
we
offer
a
3%
discount.
译文:

所报价格适用于
5
公吨以下的订货量。


订货量超过
5
公吨,

我们给予
3%
的折扣。

二、

商务英语中倍数的互译

倍数增加


1

Our
total
output
of
chemical
fertilizer
this
year
is

吐烟圈-住院


吐烟圈-住院


吐烟圈-住院


吐烟圈-住院


吐烟圈-住院


吐烟圈-住院


吐烟圈-住院


吐烟圈-住院



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