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craftsmanship史上最全的中考英语必考知识点归纳

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2021-01-20 20:53
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名子-craftsmanship

2021年1月20日发(作者:toss)

1

史上最全的中考英语必考知识点归纳




初一年级(上)

【知识梳理】

I.

重点短语

1.

Sit down
2.

on duty
3.

in English
4.

have a seat
5.

at home
6.

look like
7.

look at
8.

have a look
9.

come on
10.

at work
11.

at school
12.

put on
13.

look after
14.

get up
15.

go shopping




II.

重要句型



1.

help sb. do sth.
2.

What about

?
3.

Let

s do sth.
4.

It

s time to do sth.
5.

It

s time for


6.

What

s

? It is

/
It

s


7.

Where is

? It

s

.
8.

How old are you? I

m

.
9.

What class are you in?
I

m in

.
10.

Welcome to

.
11.

What

s

plus

?
It

s

.

2
12.

I think


5.

See you. See you later.
13.

Who

s this? This is

.
6.

Thank you! You

re
welcome.
14.

What can you see

I
can
see….

7.

Goodbye! Bye!
15.

There is (are)

.
16.

What colour is it (are
they)? It

s (They

re)


17.

Whose

is this?
It

s

.
18.

What time is it?
It

s

.


III.

交际用语



8.

What

s your name? My
name is

.
9.

Here you are. This way,
please.
10.

Who

s on duty today?
11.

Let

s do.
12.

Let me see.

IV.

重要语法

1.



be
的用法;

2.

人称代词和物主代词的用
法;

3.

名词的单复数和所有格的
用法;

4.

冠词的基本用法;

5.

There be
句型的用法。


1.

Good morning, Miss/Mr

.
2.

Hello! Hi!
3.

Nice to meet you. Nice
to meet you, too.
4.

How are you? I

m fine,
thank you/thanks. And you?
【名师讲解】
/on
在表示空间位置时,
in
表示在某个空间的范围以内,
on
表示在
某一个物体的表面之上。

例如:
There is a bird in the tree.
树上有只鸟。
There is
a picture on the wall.
墙上有张图。



3
2.

this/that/these/those
(1)

this
常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,

these

this
的复数形式。
that
常常用来指在时间、地点上离
讲话人更远一点的人和事,
those

that
的复数形式。例如:

You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.
你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。

I want this car, not that car.
我想要这辆小汽车,不是那
一辆。

Take these books to his room, please.
请把这些书拿到他
房间去。

This is mine; that’s yours. 这个是我的,那个是你的。

These are apples; those are oranges.
这些是苹果,那些是
橘子。

(2)

在打电话的用语中,
this
常常指的是我,
that
常常指的是
对方。例如:

This is Mary speaking.
Who’s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁?

3.

There be/ have
There be


,其确切含意为

某处或某时存在某人 或某物。

其结构是:
There be +
某人或某物
+
表示地点或时间的状语。
There be
后面的名词实际上是主语,
be
动词的形式要和主语在
数上保持一致,
be
动词后面的名词是单数或不可数 名词时用
is

名词是复数时用
are
。例如:
(1) There is a big bottle of
coke on the table.
桌上有一大瓶子可乐。

(2)

There is a doll in the box.
那个盒子里有个娃娃。

(3)

There are many apples on the tree.
那树上有许多苹果。
总之,
There be
结构强调的是一种客观存在的




have
表示


拥有,占有,具有

,即:某人有某物
(sb. have / has sth.)

主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:



4
(4)

I have two brothers and one sister.
我有两个兄弟,一
个姐姐。

(5)

That house has four rooms.
那所房子有四个房间。

4.

look/ see/ watch
(1)

look
表示“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表
示有意识地注意看,但 不一定看到,以提醒对方注意。,如:

Look! The children are playing computer games.
瞧!孩子
们在玩电脑游戏。

Look! What’s that over there? 看!那边那个是什么?

单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人
/
物,其后接介词
at


才能带宾语,如:

He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。

(2)

see
强调“看”的结果,着重的是
look
这个动作的结果,

意思是“看到”,
see
是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如:

What can you see in the picture?
你能在图上看到什么?

Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?
看黑板!

你看到了什么?

(3)

watch
“观看,注视”,侧 重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、
观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“看电视、看足

球、看演出”等。如:

Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.
昨天我们从
电视上看了一场足球比赛。

4.

put on/ / in
put on
意为“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作
,
后面
接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。

in
是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语
和状语。如:



5
It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的
外衣。

He puts on his hat and goes out.
他戴上帽子,走了出去。

T
he woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬
衣的那个妇女是
John
的妈妈。

5.

house/ home/family
house
:“房子”,指居住的建筑物
; Home:
“家”,指一个
人同家人共同经常居住的地方
; Family:
“家庭“,“家庭成
员”。例如:
Please come to my house this afternoon.

天下午请到我家来。

He is not at home.
他不在家。
My family all get up early.
我们全家都起得很早。

6.

fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容词表示



之 意,但前三者既可作表语又可
作定语,而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于:

(
1
)

fine
指物时表示的是质量上的
精细

,形容人时表示的是

身体健康

,也

可以用来指

天气晴朗

。例如:
Your parents
are very fine.
你父母身体很健康。

That's a fine machine.
那是一台很好的机器
It's a fine
day for a walk today.
今天是散步的好时候。

(
2
)

nice
主要侧重于人或物的外表,有

美好



漂亮

的意思,

也可用于问候或赞扬别人。

例如:
Lucy looks nice.
露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats
are very nice.
那些裙子很好看。

Nice to meet you.
见到你很高兴。
It's very nice of you.
你真好。

(
3
)

good
形容人时指

品德好< br>
,形容物时指

质量好

,是表示
人或物各方面都好的普 通用语。例如:
Her son is a good
student.
她儿子是一个好学生。



6
The red car is very good.
那辆红色小汽车很好。

(
4
)

well
只可用来形容人的

身 体好

,但不能作定语,它也能
用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如:I'm very
well, thanks.
我身体很好,谢谢。

My friends sing well.
我的朋友们歌唱得好。

【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在:



1.

动词
be
的用法;

2.

人称代词和物主代词的用法;

3.

名词的单复数和所有格的用法;

4.

冠词的基本用法;

5.

There be
句型的用法。

6.

本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;

7.

本单元学过的日常交际用语。

考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。




初一年级(下)

【知识梳理】

I.

重点短语



4.

all day
5.

be from
6.

be over
7.

come back
8.

come from
9.

do one

s homework

1.

a bottle of
2.

a little
3.

a lot (of)


10.

do the shopping
11.

get down
12.

get home
13.

get to
14.

get up
15.

go shopping
16.

have a drink of
17.

have a look
18.

have breakfast
19.

have lunch
20.

have supper
21.

listen to
22.

not

at all
23.

put

away
24.

take off
25.

throw it like that
26.

would like
27.

in the middle of the
day
28.

in the morning /
afternoon/ evening
29.

on a farm
30.

in a factory

7
II.

重要句型



1.

Let sb. do sth.
2.

Could sb. do sth.?
3.

would like sth.
4.

would like to do sth.
5.

What about something to
eat?
6.

How do you spell

?
7.

May I borrow

?


III.

交际用语



1.


Thanks very much!

You're welcome.
2.

Put it/them away.
3.

What's wrong?
4.

I think so.
I don't
think so.
5.

I want to take some
books to the classroom.
6.

Give me a bottle of
orange juice, please.
Please give it / them back
tomorrow. OK.

9.

What's your favourite
sport?
10.

Don't worry.
11.I

m (not) good at
basketball.
12.

Do you want a go?
13.

That's right./ That

s
all right./ All right.
14.

Do you have a
dictionary / any
dictionaries?
Yes, I do. / No, I don

t.
15.

We / They have some
CDs.
We / They don

t have any
CDs.
16.

---What day is it
today / tomorrow?
---It

s Monday.
17.

---May I borrow your
colour pens, please?
---Certainly. Here you
are.
18.

---Where are you from?
---From Beijing.
19.

What's your telephone
number in New York?

8
20.

---Do you like hot
dogs?
---Yes, I do. ( A little.
/ A lot. / Very much.)
---No, I don't. ( I don't
like them at all.)
21.

---What does your
mother like?
---She likes dumplings and
vegetables very much.
22.

---When do you go to
school every day?
---I go to school at 7:00
every day.
23.

---What time does he
go to bed in the evening?
---He goes to bed at 10:00.
IV.

重要语法

1.

人称代词的用法;

2.

祈使句;

3.

现在进行时的构成和用法;
4
.动词
have
的用法;

5.

一般现在时构成和用法;

6.

可数名词和不可数名词的
构成和用法







9


【名师讲解】

1.

That's right./ That

s all right./ All right.
That’s
right
意为“对的” ,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行
为,肯定对方的答案或判断。例如:

the old man.
我想我们应该帮助这位老人。




说得对



That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”,用来回答
对方的致谢或道歉。例如:


broken.

All right.
意为“行了”、“可以”,表 示同意对方的建议或
要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”


请把此事告诉我。


right.
好吧。

Is your mother all right?
你妈身体好吗

2.

make/do
这两个词都可以解释为“做”,但含义却不同,不能混用。
make
指做东西或制东西,
do
指做一件具体的事。
Can you make
a paper boat for me?
你能为我做个纸船吗?

He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。

3.

say/speak/talk/tell
say
:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,

着重所说的话。如:

“I want to go there by bus” , he said .

他说,“我要坐
汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说。



1
0

speak : “说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般
用作不及物动词
(
即后面不能直接接宾语
)
。如:
Can you
speak about him?
你能不能说说他的情况?I don’t like to
speak like this.
我不喜欢这样说话。

speak
作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话
中恰当使用词汇的能力。

如:
She speaks English well.
她英语说得好。

talk :

speak
意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所
说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,

不过,
talk
暗示
话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈
话。如:
I would like to talk to him about it .
我想跟他
谈那件事。
Old women like to talk with children.
老年妇女
喜欢和孩子们交谈。

tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:

He’s tel
ling me a story.
他在给我讲故事。

tell a lie
撒谎

tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to
do sth
如:
.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.
4.

do cooking/ do the cooking
do cooking
作“做饭”解,属泛指。
do the cooking
特指某
一顿饭或某一家人的饭。
cooking
为动名词,不能用作复数,

但前面可用
some, much
修饰。从
do some cooking
可引出许
多类似的短语:
do some washing
洗些衣服
do some shopping
买些东西
do some reading
读书
do some writing
写些东西
do
some fishing
钓鱼

从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用
some, much
或定冠词。

go shopping
去买东西
go fishing
去钓鱼
go boating
去划船
go swimming
去游泳

5.

like doing sth./ like to do sth.


1
1

like doing sth.

like to do sth.
意思相同,但用法有区
别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性;

后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play
football with Li Ming.
他喜欢踢足球,但是他不喜欢和李明
踢。

6.

other/ others/ the other/ another
other
表其余的,别的,如:
Have you any other questions?
你还有其他问题吗
?
others
别的人,别的东西
.
如:
In the room some people are
American, the others are French.
在屋子里一些人是美国人
,
其他的是法国人。

the other
表另一个(二者之中)one…,the other…如:
One
of my two brothers studies English, the other studies
Chinese.
我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文
,
另一个学中文。

another
表三者以上的另一个,另一些如:
There is room for
another few books on the shelf.
书架上还可以放点书。

7.

in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree

on the tree.
译成中文均为

在树上

但英语中
有区别。
in the tree
表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出
的别的东西)落在树上,表示 树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上
时,要使用
on the tree.
如:
There are some apples on the
tree.
那棵树上有些苹果。
There is a bird in the tree.

棵树上有只鸟。

8.

some/ any
some

any
既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以
下两点需要注意。

(1)

some
常用于肯定句中,
any
常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:



1
2

There is some water in the there any water in
the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.
(2)

在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,

邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用
some
。如:
Would you like
some tea?
9.

tall/ high
(1)

说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用
tall
,不用
high
,例如
a tall woman
一个高个子妇女
a tall horse

个高大的马

(2)

说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用
high
,而不用
tall
,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例如:
He is
high up in the tree.
他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so
high in the sky.
飞机在空中这么高。

(3)

指建筑物、山时要
tall

high
都可以,不过
high
的程度

tall
高。

(4)

high
可作副词,
tall
不能。

(5)

tall
的反义词为
short, high
的反义词为
low.
10.

can/ could
(
1
)

can
表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观 条件能做某
种动作的

能力

。例如:

Can you ride a bike?
你会骑自行车吗
?What can I do for
you
?要帮忙吗?
Can you make a cake
?你会做蛋糕吗?

(
2
)

can < br>用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的

怀疑




或不肯定。例如:

Where can he be
?他会在什么地方呢?
Can the news be
true
?这个消息会是真的吗?

It surely can't be six o'clock already
?不可能已经六点
钟了吧?



1
3

You can't be hungry so soon

Tom

you've just had lunch.
汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭。

What can he mean
?他会是什么意思?

在日常会话中,
can
可代替
may
表示

允许


may
比较正式。例
如:
You can come in any time.
你随时都可以来。

--- Can I use your pen
?我能用你的钢笔吗?
--- Of course


you can.
当然可以。

You can have my seat

I'm going now.
我要走了,你坐我的
座位吧。

(
3
)

could
could

can
的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否
定和疑问句中)。例如:

The doctor said he could help him.
(能力)医生说他能帮
助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old.
(能力)当
丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true.
(可能
性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。

could
可代替
can
表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例
如:

Could I speak to John

please
?我能和约翰说话吗?

Could you
?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:
Could you
wait half an hour
?请你等半个小时好吗?
Could you please
ring again at six
?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?

(
4
)

can
的形式

只有现在式
can
和过去式
could
两种形式。能表示一般现 在和
一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括
将来时)须用
be able to
加动词不定式来表示。



1
4

例如:
They have not been able to come to Beijing.
他们没
有能到北京来。

11.

look for/ find
look for
意为“寻找”,而
find
意为“找到,发现”,前者
强调“找”这一动 作,并不注重“找”的结果,而后者则强调
“找”的结果。例如:
She
can’t find her ruler
.
她找不到
她的尺子啦。

Tom is looking for his watch
,but he can’t find it.汤
姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。

12.

be sleeping/ be asleep
be sleeping
表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉”;
be asleep

示状态,意思是“睡着了”。

如:
---What are the children doing in the room?
孩子们
在房间里做什么?
---They are sleeping.
他们正在睡觉。

The children are asleep now.
现在孩子们睡着了。

13.

often/ usually/sometimes
often
表示

经常


sometimes
表示

有时候

,在表示发生频
率上
often
要高于
usually

usually
要高于
som etimes
。这三
个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现在时
连用 ,常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词(
be
动词,

情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强
语气,则放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.
我们通常放学后
打篮球。
Sometimes I go to bed early.
有时,我睡觉很早。

He often reads English in the morning.
他经常在早晨读英
语。

14.

How much/ How many
how much
常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是
How much
is / are…?



1
5

How much is the skirt?
这条裙子多少钱?
How much are
the bananas?
这些香蕉多少钱?

how much
后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,
how
many
后加可数名词的复数形式。

How much meat do you want?
你要多少肉呀?
How many
students are there in your class?
你们班有多少人?

15.

be good for/ be good to/ be good at
be good for
表示

对……有好处

,而
be bad for
表示

对……有害


be good to
表示

对……友好

,而
be bad to
表示

对……不好


be good at
表示

擅长,在……方面做得


,而
be bad at
表示

在……方面做得不好



如:
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
做眼保健
操对你的眼睛有好处。

Eating too much is bad for you health.
吃的太多对你
的身体有害。

Miss Li is good to all of us.
李老师对我们所有的人都
很友好。

The boss is bad to his workers.
这个老板对他的工人不
好。

Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.
李雷擅
长画画,但是我不擅长。

16.

each/ every
each

every
都有

每一个

的意思,但含义和用法不相同。
each
从个体着眼,
every
从整体着眼。
each
可用于两者或两者
以上,
every
只用于三者或三者以上。

如:
We each have a new book.
我们每人各有一本新书。
There
are trees on each side of the street.
街的两旁有树。

He gets up early every morning.
每天早晨他都起得早。



1
6

each
可以用作形容词、副词和代词;
every
只能用作形容词。如:
Each of them has his own duty.
他们各人有各人的义务。
They
each want to do something different.
他们每个人都想做不同
的事情。

17.

一般现在时
/
现在进行时

一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作 或存在的状态,也表
示说话者的能力,还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行
或发生的动作 (构成方式为
am/is /are/+doing
)。

I do my homework in the evening.
我在晚上做作业。
I'm
doing my homework now.
我现在正在做作业。

现在进行时常与
now, these days, at the moment

Look,
listen
等词连用;而一般现在时常与
often, always,
sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on
Mondays
等连用。

We often clean the classroom after school.
我们经常放学
后打扫教室。

Look! They are cleaning the classroom .
看!他们正在打扫
教室呢。

初二年级(上)


【知识梳理】

I.

重点短语



1.

on time
2.

best wishes
3.

give a talk
4.

for example
5.

short for
6.

a waste of time
7.

go on a field trip
8.

go fishing
9.

I agree
10.

next week
11.

the day after tomorrow
12.

have a picnic
13.

have some problems
doing sth.


14.

go the wrong way
15.

hurry up
16.

get together
17.

in the open air
18.

on Mid-Autumn Day


19. come over


20. have to


21. get home

22. agree with


23. in the country

24. in town


25. all the same

26. in front of


27. on the left/right side

28. next to



29. up and down


30. keep healthy



31. grow up


32. at the same time



33. the day before


yesterday
35.

last Saturday
36.

half an hour ago
37.

a moment ago

1
7

38.

just now
39.

by the way
40.

all the time
41.

at first


II.

重要句型



1.

have fun doing sth.
2.

Why don

t you

?
3.

We

re going to do sth.
4.

start with sth.
5.

Why not

?
6.

Are you going to

?
7.

be friendly to sb.
8.

You

d better do sth.
9.

ask sb. for sth.
10.

say goodbye to sb.
11.

Good luck(with sb)!


III.

交际用语



1.

Welcome backto school!

2.

E
xcuse me. I

m sorry
I

m late, because the
traffic is bad.
3.

I
t doesn

t matter.
Teachers

Day !


s a good idea.
6.

W
hat are you going to
do


7.

W
here are we going ?
are we going to do ?
9.I

m good at


10.

It

s not far from


11.

Are you free tomorrow
evening?
12.

Would you and Lily like
to come over to my home
for Mid-Autumn Festival?
13.

I

m glad you can come.
for asking us.
about another one?
I have a taste?
me walk with you.
do you have to do?
you live on a farm?

1
8

20.

Which do you like
better, the city or the
country?
21.

Which do you like best,
dogs, cats or chickens?
22.

Shall we go at ten?
Good idea!
23.--- Let

s make it half
past one. ---OK.
24.---Why not come a
little earlier? ---All
right.
25.

Excuse me. Where

s the
nearest post office,
please?
26.

It

s over there on the
right.
27.

I

m sorry I don

t
know.
28.

You

d better

you all the same.
bus do I take?
31.

Go along this road.
32.

What day was it
yesterday?
33.

I

m sorry to hear that.
34.

I hope you

re better
now.

1
9

35.

Why did you call me?
36.

I called to tell


1.

be going to
的用法;

2.

形容词的比较级、最高级;

3.

形容词和副词的比较



IV.

重要语法

【名师讲解】


4.

一般过去时

1.

on the street / in the street
表示“在街上”时,
on the street

in the street
都可以,

在美国多用
on the street,
在英国多用
in the street.
例如:

We have a house in the street.
我们在街上有座房子。
I
met him on the street.
我在街上遇见了他。

2.

would like / like
would like

like
含义不同。
like
意思是“喜欢”,“爱
好”,而
would like
意思是“想要”。试比较:
I like
beer.=I’m fond
of beer.
我喜欢喝啤酒。I’d like a
glass of beer= I want a glass of beer.
我想要一杯啤酒。
Do you like going to the cinema?
你喜欢看电影吗?
Would
you like to go to the cinema tonight?
你今晚想去看电影
吗?

3.

another / the other
(1)

another
通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一
个人或

物体。

例如:

May I have another apple, please?
请在给我一个苹果好
吗?

This coat is too small for me. Please show me another
这件外套我穿太小,请再给我拿一件看看。

(2)

the other
通常指两者中的另一个。例如:

He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long.

有两把尺子,一把短的,另一把长的。
I have two brothers.


2
0

One works in Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我有
两个兄弟,一个在西安工作,另一个在北京工作。

4.

have to /must
(1)

have to

must
都可以用来谈论义务,但用法略有不同。
如果某人主观上觉得 必须去做而又想去时,常用
must
。如果谈
论某种来自“外界”的义务,常用
have to
。例如:
I must
stop smoking.
我必须戒烟。(自己想戒烟)
They have to
work for the boss.
他们不得不为那个老板工作。(条件逼得
他们去工作)

(2)

have to
可用于多种时态,
must
只能用于一般现在时。例
如:

I’ll have to get
up early tomorrow morning.
明天早晨我
必须早早起床。
We had to work long hours every day in
order to get more money.
为了多挣钱,我们不得不每天长时
间地工作。

(3)

用于否定句时,mustn’t

意思是“决不能”,“禁止”,


don’t
have to
意思是“不必”,相当于

needn’t。例如:

You
mustn’t
be late again next time.
下一次你决不能再迟
到。
You
don’t
have to go there today. You can go there
tomorrow.
你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。

5.

hear sb. or sth. / herar sb. or sth. do
sth.
hear sb. or sth.
意思是“听到某人或某物在做某
事”,而
hear sb. or sth. do sth.
意思“听到某人或某物做
过某事”。试比较:
I hear him singing an English song.

见他在唱英歌曲。

I heard him sing an English song.
我听见他唱一首英文歌。

类似
hear
这种用法的还有
see, watch, listen, feel
等感官
动词。

6.

any /some


2
1

any

some
都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用,


some
一般用在肯定句中;
any
用在疑问句和否定句中。试比
较:
I want some money.
我想要点钱。
Have you any money?
你有钱吗?I don’t have any money
.
我一点钱也没有。

some
有时也用于疑问句,表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励
人家说“是”。例如:

Would you like some more beer?
请你再来点啤酒好吗?

Could I have some rice, please?
请给我来点米饭好吗?

7.

hear /listen to
listen to

hear
都有“听”的意思,但含义有所不同。
Listen
to
强调“听”的动作,
hear
强调“听”的结果。例如:
Listen
to me ,please! I’m going to
tell you a story.
请听我说!我给你们讲个故事。

Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room?
听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗?

I listened, but heard nothing.
我听了听,但什么也听不见。
hear
后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说”。例如:

I hear some foreign students will visit our school.
我听
说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。

I hear there is going to be a film in our school this
evening.
我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。

8.

Let

s

/Let us


Let’s… 和

Let us… 都表示“让我们……”, 如果
us
包括
听话人在内,其含义相同,附带问句用
shall we.
如果
us

包括听话人在内,其含义不同,Let us…的附带问句要用
will
you
。例如:Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好
吗?

9.

take/ bring/ carry /get


2
2

这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思,但含义有所不同。
take
意为“带走”,“拿走”,
bring
意为“带来”,“拿
来”,
get
表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”,

carry
不强调方向,带有负重的意思。试比较:

My parents often take me there on holidays.
我父母常常带
我到那里去度假。

I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。
Bring me a cup of tea, please.
请给我端杯茶来。

I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你
带来。
The waiter carried the me to the table
服务员把肉
送到桌上。
The monkey carried the bag on her back.
猴子把
那个包背在背上。
She went back to get her handbag.
他折回
去拿他的手提包。
Let me get the doctor.
让我去请医生吧。

10.

far away /faraway
(1)

far away
是一个副词短语,意思是“很远”。例如:
Some
are far away. Some are nearer.
有些离得很远,有些离得近
一些的。
The village is far away from here.
那个村子离这
儿很远。

(2)

faraway
是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的”,可以在句中作
定语。例如:

He lives in faraway mountain village.
他住在一个遥远的小
山村。

11.

find / look for
find

look for
都有“找”的意思,但含义不同。
find
强调
“找”的结果,而
look for
强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句:
He is looking for his bike.
他在找他的自行车。I’m

looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表,

但是找不到。
I hope you will soon find your lost ring.
希望
你尽快找到丢失的戒指。



2
3

另外,
find
还有“发现”;“感到”等意思。例如:
I found
a wallet in the desk.
我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。

I find this book very interesting.
我觉得这本书很有意思。

12.

in front of /in the front of
In front of
表示在某物的前面,不在某物的范围内。
In the
front of
表示在某物的前部,在某物的范围内。试比较:
My
seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。

He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.
他和司机坐在小车的前部。

初二年级(中)


【知识梳理】

I.

重点短语



1.

give a concert
2.

fall down
3.

go on
4.

at the end of
5.

go back
6.

in ahurry
7.

write down
8.

come out
9.

all the year round
10.

later on
11.

at times
12.

ring sb. up
13.

Happy New Year!
14.

have a party
15.

hold on
16.

hear from
17.

be ready
18.

at the moment
19.

take out
same as
21.

turn over
22.

get-together
23.

put on
24.

take a seat
25.

wait for
26.

get lost
27.

just then


28.

first of all
29.

go wrong
30.

make a noise
31.

get on
32.

get off
33.

stand in line
34.

at the head of
35.

laugh at
36.

throw about
37.

in fact
38.

at midnight
39.

enjoy oneself
40.

have a headache
41.

have a cough
42.

fall asleep
43.

again and again
44.

look over
45.

take exercise


II.

重要句型



1.

be good for sth.
2.

I think


3.

I hope



2
4

4.

I love


5.

I don

t like


6.

I

m sure


7.

forget to do sth.
8.

take a message for sb.
9.

give sb. the message
10.

help yourself to sth.
11.

be famous for sth.
12.

on one

s way to


13.

make one

s way to


14.

quarrel with sb.
15.

agree with sb.
16.

stop sb. from doing
sth.
III.

交际用语

1.

W
hat

s the weather like
today?
2.

I
t

s cold, but quite
suuny.
3.

How cold it is today!
4.

Y
es, but it

ll be
warmer later on.
5.

Shall we make a snowman?





6.

O
k. Come on!
New Year!
8.

M
ay I speak to Ann,
please?


9.

Hold on, please.
10.

Thanks a lot for
inviting me to your party.
11.

Ok. But I

m afraid I
may be a little late.
12.

Can I take a message
for you?
13.

That

s OK. It doesn

t
matter.
14.

I

m very sorry, but I
can

t come.
15.

I

m sorry to hear that.
birthday!
17.

Would you like ...?
Would you like to ...?
18.

Do you think ...? Yes,
I think so. / No, I don't
think so.
19.

Do you agree? Yes, I
agree. / No, don't really
agree. I really can't
agree.
20.

There are a few / a lot
of ... / on it.

2
5

21.

So do we.
22.

I'm happy you like it.
23.

Which is the way to ...,
please?
24.

Turn right/left at
the ... crossing.
25.

Go on until you
reach ...
26.

How can I get to ...?
Go down/up/along this road.
27.

What's the matter?
28.

It'll take you half an
hour to ...
29.

We'd better catch a bus.
30.

It may be in ... Ah, so
it is
31.

You must be more
careful!
32.

You mustn't cross the
road now.
33.

If you want to cross a
street, you must wait for
the green light.
34.

Please stand in line.
35.

You must wait for your
turn.
36.

If you don't go soon,
you'll be late.

2
6

37.

I don't feel very well.
head hurts.
39.

You mustn't eat
this medicine
three times a day.


anything until you see the
IV.

重要语法


doctor.

40.

What's the trouble?
1.

一般过去时;

41.

What's the matter
2.

反意疑问句的用法;

with

?
3.

一般将来时;

42.

She didn't feel like
eating anything.
4.

感叹句;

43.

Nothing serious.
5.

简单句的五种基本句型;

6.

情态动词
can, may

must, have to
的用法;

7.

时间状语从句和条件状语
从句。

/get a pain in

problem.


【名师讲解】

1.

above/ over/ on
这三个介词都表示“在……之上”,但含义不同。
on
指在某物
的表面上,和某物接触;
above
指在某物的上方,不和某物接
触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;
over
指在某物的正上方,不
和某物接触。试比较:
There is a book on the desk.
课桌上
有一本书。

I raise my right hand above my head.
我把右手高举过头。
There is a stone bridge over the river.
河面上有座石桥。

2.

forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.
意思是“忘记做某事”,实际上还没做;

forget doing sth,
意思是“忘记做过某事”,实际上已经做过



2
7

了。试比较:
I forgot to tell him the news.
我忘记告诉他
这条消息了。

I forgot telling him the news.
我已经把这条消息告诉他了,

我却忘了。

类似的词还有:
remember, regret
等。

3.

hope/wish
hope

wish
在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法
有所不同。主要区别如下:

(1)

wish
可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;
hope
只能用来表示可
能实现的愿望。例如:

I wish I were 20 years younger.
我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。

I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。
I hope he will come, too.
我希望他也能来。

(2)

wish
可以接
sb. to do sth.
的结构,而
hope
不可以。例
如:

Do you wish me to come back later?
你是否希望我再来?

4.

be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.
(1)

be sure to do sth.
可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,

意思是“务必”,也可以用来表示说 话人做出的推断,意思是
“一定”,“肯定”。例如:

Be sure to lock the door when you leave.
你离开时务必把
门锁好。

It’s a
good film. You are sure to enjoy it.
这是一部好
电影,你肯定会喜欢的。

(2)

be sure of/about sth.
可用来表示“某人对某事
有把握”。例如:



2
8

I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。

I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about
it.
我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。

5.

hear from/hear of
hear
意思是“听到”,从哪里听到要用
from
来表示。例如:

I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military
training tomorrow.
我听小吴说,我们明天开始军训。
Listen
to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.

录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。

hear from
还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”(
=receive a
letter from sb.
)。例如:

I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.

个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。

I heard from her last week.
我上周接到了她的来信。

hear of
和和
hear from
含义不同。
hear of
意思是“听说”,

“得知”(某事或某人的存在),常用在疑问句和否定句里。
例如:
Who is he?
I’ve never heard of him.他是谁?我从
来没有听说过他。
I never heard of such a thing!
这样的事
我从来没有听说过。

6.

It

s a pleasure./With pleasure.
It’s a pleasure 这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,

意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如:

---Thank you for helping me.
谢谢你地帮助。
---
It’s a
pleasure.
那是我乐意做的。

---Thanks a lot. Bye.
非常感谢。

再见。
---
It’s a
pleasure.
那是我乐意做的。再见。

类似的话还有

“Not at all.” “You are welcome.”
“That’s all right.”



2
9

With pleasure
也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你做某事,

而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如:
---Will you please pass
me the newspaper, please?
请你把报纸递给我好吗?

---With pleasure.
当然可以。

7.

seem/look
(1)

二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但
seem
暗示凭借一些迹象作
出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;
look
着重强调由视
觉得出的印象。两者都可跟
(to be)+
形容词和
as if
从句。如:
He seems / looks (to be) very happy today.
他今天看起来
很高兴。

It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain.
好像要下
雨了。

(2)

但下列情况中只用
seem
不用
look


1)


跟不定式
to do
时。如:
He seems to know the answer.
他似乎知道答案。

2)


It seems that ...
结构中。如:
It seems that he is
happier now than yesterday.
他像比昨天高兴些了。

8.

be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get
ready for
(1)

be ready to do

be
ready for…表示“已作好…的准
备”,强调状态

(2)

get ready to do

get
ready for…表示“为…做准备”,

强调行为。如:

I'm ready to do anything you want me to do.
我愿意
/
随时
准备做一切做你要我做的事。

I'm ready for any questions you may ask.
我愿意
/
随时准备
回答你可能问的问题。

He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.
他正准备动身去东
京。



3
0

Let's get ready for the hard moment.
我们为这一艰难时刻
作好准备吧。

(3)

be ready to do
通常可理解“乐于做某事”,即思想上总
是有做某事的准备。
be not ready to do
表示“不轻易做某
事”。如:
He's usually not ready to listen to others.

通常不轻易听从别人。

9.

at table/at the table
at table
在吃饭,
at the table
在桌子旁边。例如:
The
Greens are at table.
格林一家人在吃饭。

Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.

莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。

10.

reach, arrive/get to
三者都有

到达

之意。
reach
是及物动词,后直接加名词,
get

arrive
是不及物动词,不能直接加名词,须借助于介词。
get to
后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,
to
去掉;
arrive at
+
小地方,
arrive in+
大地方。如:

Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock.
露西
8
点前到了动
物园。

When did your parents arrive in Shanghai?
你父母何时到
上海的?

It was late when I got home.
我到家时天色已晚。

11.

sick/ill
二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,
ill
只作表语,

不作定语;而
sick
既可作表语也可作定语。
sick


呕吐,恶


的意思,只能作表语,而
ill
无此意。如:

Li Lei was ill last week. (
只作表语
)
李磊上周生病了。
He's a sick man.
(作定语)他是病人。不能说成:
He's an
ill grandfather was sick for a month last year.
(作表语)我祖父去年病了一个月。



3
1

12.

in time/on time
in time


及时

的意思,
on time


准时,按时

。如:
I
didn't get to the bus stop in time.
我没有及时赶上汽车。
We'll finish our job on time.
我们要按时完成任务。

13.

may be/maybe
It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your
inside pocket.
也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中
may be

情态动词
+
b
e

动词构成的谓语部分,意思是

也许是



可能是


第二句中的< br> maybe
是副词,意思是

可能

,常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词
perhaps
。再如:
Maybe you put
it in that bag.
也许你放在了那只包里。(不能说
You maybe
put it
in that bag.

It may be a hat.
那可能是顶帽子。(不能说
It maybe a hat.

It maybe is a hat.


14.

noise/ voice/ sound
noise
指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。
voice
是指说话的声音,

嗓音,嗓子。
sound
是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表
示声音 之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如:

Don't make so much noise!
别那么大声喧哗!

I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone.
在电
话里我听不出约翰的声音。

He spoke in a low voice.
他低声说话。
We heard a strange
sound.
我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。

Sound travels fast, but light travels faster.
声音传得
快,但是光传得更快。

初二英语(下)

【知识梳理】

I.
重点短语

1. on time


2.

out of
3.

all by oneself

4. lots of
5. no longer
6. get back
7. sooner or later
8. run away
9. eat up
10. take care of
11. turn off
12. turn on
13. after a while
14. make faces
15. teach oneself
16. fall off
17. play the piano
18. knock at
19. to one's surprise
20. look up
21. enjoy oneself
22. help yourself
23. tell a story / stories
24. leave....behind
……

25. come along

3
2

26.

hold a sports meeting
27.

be neck and neck
28. as ... as

29. not so / as ... as
30. do one's best

31. take part in

32. a moment late

33. Bad luck!

34. fall behind

35. high jump

36. long jump

37. relay race

38. well done!

39. take off

40. as usual

41. a pair of

42. at once

43. hurry off

44. come to oneself

45. after a while

46. knock on

47. take care of

48. at the moment

49. set off


50. here and there

51. on watch

52. look out
53. take one

s place



II.
重要句型



1.

We

d better not do sth.
2.

leave one. oneself
3.

find one

s way to a
place
4.

stand on one

s head
5.

make sb. Happy
6.

catch up with sb.
7.

pass on sth. to
somebody
8.

spend time doing sth.
9.

go on doing sth.
10.

get on well with sb.
11.

be angry with sb.
12.

be fed up with sth.
13.

not

until


14.

make room for sb.

3
3

III.

交际用语



1.

We

re all by ourselves.
2.

I fell a little afraid.
3.

Don

t be afraid.
4.

Help!
5.

Can

t you hear
anything?
6.

I can

t hear anything
/ anybody there.
7.

Maybe it

s a tiger.
8.

Let

s get it back
before they eat the food.
9.

Did she learn all by
herself?
10.

Could she swim when
she was

years old?
11.

She didn

t hurt
herself.
12.

He couldn

t buy
himself many nice things.
13.

Did he enjoy himself?
14.

Help yourselves.
15.

Bad luck!
16.

Come on!

3
4

17.

Well done!
Congratulations (to

)!
18.

It must be very
interesting.
19.

I don

t think you

ll
like it.
20.

It seems to be an
interesting book.
21.

I

m sure (that)

I

m not sure if

I

m
not sure what to


22.

I hope so.
23.

What was he/she
drawing when

?
24.

I

m sorry to trouble
you.
25.

Would you please

?
26.

What were you doing at
ten o

clock yesterday
morning?
27.

You look tired today.


28.

You

d better go to
bed early tonight, if you
can.
29.

How kind!
30.

Let

s move the bag,
or it may cause an
accident.
31.

It

s really nice of
you.
32.

Don

t mention it.
33.

Don

t crowd around
him.
IV.

重要语法



1.

不定代词
/
副词的运用;

2.

反身代词的用法;

3.

并列句;

4.

形容词和副词的比较等级;

5.

冠词的用法;

6.

动词的过去进行时;



【名师讲解】

1.

bring/take
Bring
表示“带来、拿来”,指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地
方“带来、拿来 ”。而
take
则表示“拿去、带走”,它表示的
方向与
bring
相反,指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如:

名子-craftsmanship


名子-craftsmanship


名子-craftsmanship


名子-craftsmanship


名子-craftsmanship


名子-craftsmanship


名子-craftsmanship


名子-craftsmanship



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