enthusiast读短文记单词详解版 first aid

2021年1月20日发(作者：阀块)
1
．
First Aid


急救

1.

aid

[U]
帮助
,
援助
,
救助

support or help

[C]
助手
;
辅助物
,
辅助手段

sb
or
sth
that
provides
help
and
especially
makes
a
process easier or more effective

vt.
帮助
,
援助

help
He
came to my aid
.
他来帮助我。


He
went to the aid of
the hurt man.
他前去帮助那受伤的人。


We may travel
with the aid of
a good map.
我们可以靠着良好的地图旅行。


They are
in aid of
our defects.
他们辅助我们的不足。


What's this little handle in aid of?
这个小把手有什么用
?

A dictionary is an important aid in learning a language.
词典是学习语言的重要助手。

by the aid of
借助于
,
通过

in aid of
以…帮助


with the aid of
借助于

without the aid of
不依靠

词义辨析：
aid, assist, help
这组词都有“帮助”的意思
,
但有区别
:

< br>多指经济上或其他方面急需的援助
,
而
assist
只是表示辅助性的 帮助
, help
用
法则比较广泛
,
它可以代替
aid和
assist,
可以指任何形式的帮助。



和
aid
既可用作名词
,
也可用作动词
; assist
只能用作动词。



强调积极地予以实际的、精神的或物质的帮助
; assist
主要用于帮助别人工
作、学习或研究
; aid
是对别人的努力加以援助
,
还可指不必亲自动手的帮助。


4.
就对象而言
,
aid
不仅用于个人
,
还多用于团体
;
assist
多用于个人
,
特别是智力方
面的研究。



是普通用语
,
特别是在日常谈话中
; aid
和
assist
是比较正式的用语
,
在日常谈
话中不常用。

A boy fell ill. His organs were damaged by the radiation of an infrared ray stove.
But before the ambulance arrived, a number of other injuries happened to this unlucky
boy over and over again.

有个孩子病倒了，他的体内器官被一台红外线烤炉的放射线灼伤了。但是在救护车到来前，这个不幸的孩子身上还一而再、再而三地发生了许多别的伤
害。

ill
生病
,
病倒
fall ill with
罹患某疾病

At the time, he was a neurology resident at the University of California, San Francisco,
and was watching many patients
fall ill with
AIDS.



之前，他在旧金山加州大学主要从事神经学的相关研究。

他目睹了许多艾滋病
患者的痛苦。

3. organ
[C]
器官

part of an animal body or plant serving a particular purpose
[C]
风琴

musical instrument played by blowing air through pipes

[C]
机构

organization with a special purpose within a large one

[C]
新闻媒体
,
宣传工具
;
机关报〔杂志〕

means for communicating the views of a
particular group or party
The nose is the organ of smell.
鼻子是嗅觉器官。

He played a beautiful tune on the organ.
他用风琴演奏出一支动听的曲子。

Parliament is an organ of government.
议会是政府的一个机构。


This paper is the official organ of the Socialist Party.
这份报纸是工党的正式机关报。

organic

adj. [
有化
]
有机的；组织的；器官的；根本的


organismal
生物的；有机体的


adv. organically
有机地；有组织地；器官上地



organism
有机体；生物体；微生物


organicism
有机体说；唯器官变化论


organist
风琴演奏者


vt. & vi.
损害
,
毁坏
,
加害于

break or spoil; cause harm or injury to n.
(
名词
) [U]
损失
,
损害
,
损毁

loss of value, attractiveness or usefulness caused by an
event, accident, etc.

[P]
损害赔偿金

money paid or claimed as compensation for damage, loss or injury
cause damage
造成损失〔损害〕

do damage to
损害


guard against damage
预防遭受损害

pay (for) damage
赔偿损失


receive damage
受到〔遭到〕损失

recover damage
弥补损失


repair damage
弥补损失
,
修复被毁坏的部分

suffer damage
遭受损害
,
蒙受损害

work damage
造成损害

词义辨析：
damage, harm, hurt, impair, injure, wound
这组词的共同意思是“损害
,
损伤”
。
impair
表示损伤某人〔物〕而导致削弱、缩小或减少其使用价值
,< br>也可指
情绪的损伤
; damage
表示损害了表面
,
损害了 人或物的某个部分或使之完全失掉
用途
; harm
表示人的心理、健康、权力或事业上的损害
,
程度较轻
; hurt
多用来表
示伤害身体或某一部位
,
或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害
; injure
表示身体或
精神上各种性质及任何程度的伤害
,
多表示意 外受伤
; wound
主要指在战斗中武
器或凶器等造成的外伤或剧烈的痛苦。

bre ak
，
destroy
，
ruin
，
wreck
，
damage
，
spoil
这些动词均有
“破坏，
损坏”
之意。

break
普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。

destroy
多指彻底地、
毁灭性地破坏，
含导致无用，
不能或很 难再修复的意味。

ruin
多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，
侧重破 坏的彻底性，
也可用于引申意义。

wreck
侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受 到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康
受到损害。

damage
多指对 无生命物体的损害，
造成降低价值、
破坏功能等后果。

spoil
强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。

5. radiation

[U]
辐射
(
能
),
放射

the radiating of heat, light, etc.; radioactivity

[P]
放射物

thing that is radiated
emit
〔
give off
〕

radiation
放出射线

produce radiation
产生辐射


cosmic
〔
nuclear
〕

radiation
宇宙〔核〕辐射
solar radiation
太阳辐射

expose sth to radiation
使某物暴露于辐射中

radiate vi/ vt.
辐射；流露；发光；从中心向各方伸展
;
传播；流露；发射；广播

ed:

红外线的

of or being rays of light of long wavelength that cannot be seen
but give heat

Infrared cameras can also make false positives.
红外线摄影机也会判断错误。


What are infrared and ultraviolet rays?
什么是红外线和紫外线？

infrared spectroscopy
红外光谱法；红外线分光镜


infrared spectrum
红外光谱


far infrared [
化
]
远红外线的


infrared radiation
红外线照射



infrared ray
红外线


infrared sensor
传感器；红外探测器



infrared detector
红外检测器


infrared thermometer
红外测温仪；红外线温度计


infrared camera
红外摄像机


infrared spectrometer
红外光谱仪


7. ambulance [C]
救护车

vehicle equipped to carry sick or injured people to hospital,
etc.
An ambulance dashed to the scene of the accident.
救护车风驰电掣赶往事故现场。

An ambulance was racing along with its sirens wailing.
救护车响着警报急驰而过。

8.a number of
许多；若干（后接可数名词的复数形式）

词语辨析：
a number of, the number of


a number of
许多
,
谓语动词用复数

A number of forged tickets are in circulation.


有一些假入场券在流通。


the number of
…的数目
,
谓语动词用单数。
The number of students is increasing.
[U]
伤害
,
损害

harm; damage to a living thing

[C]
受伤处

a physical hurt or wound, especially when caused accidentally
He had a spinal injury in that accident.
他在那次事故中脊柱受了伤。


The injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game.

他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛胜负的决定性因素。

injured
受伤的；受损害的


injurious
有害的；诽谤的



injuriously adv.
有害地；伤害地

injure vt.
伤害，损害

and over again

adv.
一再地；反复不断地

First, he was choked by some poisonous liquid from the kettle on the cupboard.
Then his wrist skin was burnt by electric shock. Finally, his ankle was cut by a pan.
Fortunately, the boy’s nurse gave him proper
temporary treatments
according to his
complex symptoms. She mildly squeezed the poisonous liquid out of his
throat and
put bandages firmly in place to apply pressure to the ankle wound to stop bleeding. As
for the burn, she used scissors to remove his sleeve, poured a basin of cold water over
the burn to
cool
it and
put
her hands on a damp blouse to
cover his
swollen tissue
tightly. She also inspired his bravery to fight against the unbearable pain.
开始是被橱柜上水壶里的有毒液体噎住，
然后是手腕的皮 肤被电击烧伤，
最
后，一只平底锅还割伤了他的脚踝。

幸运的是，男孩的保 姆根据他的复杂症状
给予了适当的临时治疗。
她轻轻地从他喉咙里把有毒液体挤了出来；
并在脚踝合
适的位置紧紧扎上绷带，
施加压力使伤口的流血止住；
对于烧伤，
她用剪刀剪去
他的袖子，
倒了一盆凉水给烧伤位置降温，
并找来一件湿的女式衬衫紧 紧盖住他
肿胀的皮肤组织。此外，她还激发起他的勇敢和难以忍受的疼痛做斗争。

11. choke

vt. & vi.
填塞

be blocked or congested; fill up or block vt. & vi.

(
使
)
窒息

stop sb's breathing (by pressing or blocking the windpipe, or of smoke, etc.
by being unfit to breathe)

She found it hard to choke down her anger.
她感到难以压下心中的怒火。


She choked with emotion.
她激动得说不出话来。

choke the life out of sb

把某人勒死〔闷死〕

choke back

忍住
,
抑制


choke back one's anger
忍气吞声

choke back one's tears
忍住眼泪


choke down

忍住
,
抑制

choke down one's anger
忍气吞声


choke down a sob
强忍住哭泣

choke off

噎死
;
使中止
,
使放弃


choke off opposition
压制住反对

choke out one's anger
忍气吞声


choke up

塞住
,
堵住
;
使闷死
;
充满

choke up the drain-pipe
堵塞下水道


choke up with
用…塞
,
阻塞

choke up with soot
用烟灰堵塞住


choke at sb's words
对某人的话很气愤


choke sb into unconsciousness
把某人窒息得失去知觉


choke to death
窒息而死


choke with emotion
激动地哽住

choke with smoke
给烟呛了


choke
的详细讲解：

ous
有毒的

containing poison

引起中毒的
,
有害的

having the effects of poison

讨厌的
,
恶意的

very unpleasant
Some mushrooms are poisonous.
有些蘑菇有毒。


Some snakes have poisonous fangs.
有些蛇长有毒牙。


She gave him a poisonous look.
她恶狠狠地瞪了他一眼。

poison
n.
毒药，毒物；酒；有毒害的事物；
[
助剂
]
抑制剂


vi.
放毒，下毒


vt.
污染；使中毒，放毒于；败坏；阻碍
poisoning
中毒


poisoner
投毒者；毒害者



13. wrist [C]
腕
,
腕关节

joint between the hand and the arm
They took her by the writst.
他们握住她的手腕。


That was all wrist.
那动作全凭腕上的功夫。


He has wrists of steel.
他有钢铁般的手腕。

wrist
watch
手表

a
slap
on
the
wrist
轻微的处罚


slap
on
the
wrist
温和的申斥

straight wrist
直腕


locked wrist
手腕僵硬




wrist strap
手环


wrist drop
腕下垂


wrist joint
桡腕关节

a tap on the wrist
象征性的惩罚

14. electric shock
触电；
[
电
]
电击；
[
临床
]
电休克

shock:
n. [C]
震动

violent force, as from a hard blow, crash, explosion, etc.

[C]
电击

the sudden violent effect of electricity passing through the body

[C]
打击

blow; an unpleasant piece of news

[C] [U]
激动
,
震惊

the state or strong feeling caused by sth unexpected and usually
very unpleasant

[U]
休克

the weakened state of the body with less activity of the heart, lungs, etc.,
usually following damage to the body

v. (
动词
) vt.
使…震惊

cause a shock

vt.
使受电击

give a electric shock to

vt.
使…感到厌恶〔恐惧〕

cause sb to feel disgust, horror, etc.

His death was a great shock to us all.
他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。


We must take steps to prevent shock in the patient.

我们必须采取措施防止病人休克。

The violence and bad language in the program shocked many of the viewers.

节目中的暴力场面和难听的粗话使许多观众感到震惊。

词义辨析：
shock
，
impact
，
collision，
clash

这些名词均含“冲击，碰撞”之意。

shock
指强烈冲击在肉体上或思想感情上所产生的效果。


impact
正式用词，侧重指物体相撞的结果或接触点。


collision
指物体相撞，其结果不是受损就是严重受阻。


clash
通常指两个或多个物体，特别是金属物发出刺耳声音或破裂声的撞击。也
可引申指 意见、利益等的冲突。

15. ankle
：
[C]
踝
,
踝关节

the joint between the foot and the leg; the part of the leg just
above the foot
The doctor has taped up my swollen ankle.
医生用绷带把我肿起的脚踝包扎起来。

She stepped on a loose stone and twisted her ankle.

她踩到一块松动的石头上，扭伤了脚踝。

16. temporary
：临时的
,
暂时的
,
短时间的

lasting only for a limited time
用作定语
They just reached a temporary agreement.
他们只是达成一个临时协议。


用作表语

S+be+
～

The arrangement is only temporary.
这种安排只是暂时的。

词义辨析

tem porary
，
momentary
，
transient

这些形容词均含“短暂的，瞬息的”
之意。

temporary
普 通用词，其反义是
permanent
。指持续有限的可计时间，着
重暂时的存在、应 用或效应。

momentary
指瞬时即逝的，也表明间很短的。

transient
指停留或延续的时间很短。

ing to prep.
按照；根据；取决于

18. complex
adj.
由许多部分组成的
,
复合的

consisting of many closely connected parts

复杂的
;
难懂的

difficult to understand, explain, or deal with; not clear or simple

n. [C]
综合体
,
集合体

a system consisting of a large number of closely related parts
[C]
情结
,
夸大的情绪反应

a
group
of
unconscious
confused
wishes,
fears,
feelings,
etc. which influence a person's behavior
The engine of an airplane is very complex.
飞机的引擎非常复杂。


S+be+
～
+to- v


What he said was too complex for me to understand.
他说的太复杂了
,
我无法理解。


This is a complex of new building.
这是新建筑群。


I am developing a guilt complex about it.
我对此事有一种负罪感。

词义辨析

complex
，< br>complicated
，
sophisticated
，
intri cate

这些形容词均含“复杂
的”之意。