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seniority大学化工专业英语Lesson-1

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2021-01-21 01:12
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大学化工专业英语
Lesson-1

Chemical Engineering
Chemical
engineering
is
the
development
of
processes
and
the
design
and
operation of plants in which materials undergo changes in physical or chemical
state on a technical scale.

化学工程是过程的开发和工厂的设计与操作,在工厂中材料以某种技术规模进
行的物理或化学状态的变化。

Applied
throughout
the
process
industries,
it
is
founded
on
the
principles
of
chemical, physics, and mathematics.

它建立在化学、物理和数学的原则上,适用于整个流程工业。

The
laws
of
physical
chemistry
and
physics
govern
the
practicability
and
efficiency of chemical engineering operations.

物理化学和物理定律支配着化工业务的实用性和效率。

Energy changes, deriving from thermodynamic considerations, are particularly
important.

能量的变化,从热力学考虑派生,显得尤其重要。

Mathematics is a basic tool in optimization and modeling.

数学是一个优化和建模的基本工具。

Optimization
means
arranging
materials,
facilities,
and
energy
to
yield
as
productive and economical an operation as possible.

优化意味着合理安排材料、设备和能源,尽可能生产经济多产的操作。

Modeling is the construction of theoretical mathematical prototypes of complex
process systems, commonly with the aid of computers.

建模是将复杂过程系统建设出其理论数学原型的过程,通常需要借助电脑完成。

Chemical engineering is as old as the process industries.

化学工程和过程工业一样古老。

Its heritage dates from the fermentation and evaporation processes operated by
early civilizations.

其遗产起源于早期文明的发酵和蒸发过程。

Modern chemical engineering emerged with the the development of large-scale,
chemical- manufacturing operations in the second half of the 19
th
century.


19
世纪下半叶,随着大规模的化学制造业操作的发展,
现代化学工程出现了。

Throughout its development as an independent discipline, chemical engineering
has
been
directed
toward
solving
problems
of
designing
and
operating
large
plants for continuous production.

化学工程作为一门独立的学科,纵观其发展过程,它已经朝向解决设计问题和

经营连续生产的大型工厂的问题。

Manufacture
of
chemicals
in
the
mid-19
th

century
consisted
of
modest
craft
operations.


19
世纪中叶,化工生产由小型的手工操作组成。

Increase
in
demand,
public
concern
at
the
emission
of
noxious
effluents,
and
competition
between
rival
processes
provided
the
incentives
for
greater
efficiency.

需求的增加,公众对有害物质排放的关注,和与对手的竞 争过程为创造更高效
率提供了激励机制。

This led to the emergence of combines with resources for larger operations and
caused the transition from a craft to a science-based industry.

这导致了更大 的操作与资源相结合的联合工厂的出现,引起了从手工业到一个
以科学为基础的产业(科技工厂)的过渡 。

The
result
was
a
demand
for
chemists
with
knowledge
of
manufacturing
processes, known as industrial chemists or chemical technologists.

其结果是应了具有制作过程知识的化学家的要求,这是为工业化学家或化工技
师所知 晓的

The term chemical engineer was in general use by about 1900.

化学工程师一词广泛应用了约
1900
年。

Despite its emergence in traditional chemicals manufacturing, it was through its
role
in
the
development
of
the
petroleum
industry
that
chemical
engineering
became firmly established as a unique discipline.

尽管出现在传统的化学品制造中,但它的价值却是 通过其在石油工业——这门
由化工工程牢固建立成的独立学科来实现的。

The
demand
for
plants
capable
of
operating
physical
separation
processes
continuously at high levels of efficiency was a challenge that could not be met by
the traditional chemist or mechanical engineer.

工厂的需求是能够高效连续地进行物理分离过程的操作,这是传统的化 学家或
工程师无法迎接的挑战。


A landmark in the development of chemical engineering was the publication in
1901 of the first textbook on the subject, by George E. Davis, a British chemical
consultant.

化学工程发展的一个里程碑是
1901
年,一个英国化学顾问乔治·
E
·戴维斯出
版的关于此话题的教科 书。

一望无际-seniority


一望无际-seniority


一望无际-seniority


一望无际-seniority


一望无际-seniority


一望无际-seniority


一望无际-seniority


一望无际-seniority



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