bandage词汇学

2021年1月21日发(作者：狂欢节)
宁波大学答题纸

（
2009-2010
学年第


学期）

课号：












课程名称：

英语词汇学






改卷教师：

杨成虎









学号：
084772521



姓




名：



高春燕












得




分：






























































































The causes and characteristics of the Neologisms
November 2010
Abstract
：
As the society develops, more and more new words are created.

This passage tries to analysis how the new words come on the basis of the
knowledge
of
lexicology,
then
we
can
have
a
better
command
of
new
words and use them effectively.


Key words: new words


mechanics


translation techniques
1. Causes

1.1Political Change
Since the Second World War, the pattern of world has greatly changed.

These changes bought a lot of new words.

For example, cold war
（冷
战）
, arm race
（军备竞赛）
, sit- in
（静坐）
, feminism
（男女平均主义）
.



1.2Economic Development


The
world
economy
develops
rapidly,
the
globalization
goes
to
a
further
station.

In
this
process,
many
new
words
are
created.

For
example, World Trade Organization
（世界贸易组织）
, Organization of
Petrol Exporting Countries
（
石油输出国）
, Automatic Teller Machine
（
自
动取款机）
.


1.3Technological Development
Especially
in
recent
decades,
technology
developed
at
an
extraordinary
speed,
all
kinds
of
hi-tech
products
appear
continuously,
as
a
result,
a
large vocabulary is put into use: Internet
（因特网）
, E-mail
（伊妹儿）
,
WWW
（万维网）
, clone
（克隆）
, MSN(
即时通讯软件
).


1.4Cultural Influence
Culture
plays
a
vital
role
in
a
country,
the
custom,
education,
art
must
influence the Neologism.

For example, distance education
（远程教育）
,
Open University
（电视大学）
, hot line
（热线）

, talk show
（脱口秀）
.


Popular
examples
of
neologism
can
be
found
in
science,
fiction,
branding,
literature,
linguistic
and
popular
culture.
Examples
include
laser
(1960)
from
Light
Amplification
by
Stimulated
Emission
of
Radiation, robotics (1941), genocide (1943), and agitprop (1930s).
2Methods/Origin

2.1Cyberword
We are living in a information age, Internet has become a necessary part
of our life.

Cyberword is
frequently used in our daily life.

If we are
not familiar with these cyber words, we will be outdated.

4ever(forever),
CY(see
you),
cos(because),BT(
变
态
)
，
菜
鸟
…
all
these
are
new
cuberwords.


2.2Word Formation

a. Affixation(prefixation, suffixation,

The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly onword
formation.

One
of
the
most
productive
is
affixation.

According
to
Pyles
and
Algeo(1982),
words
produced
through
affixation
constitute
30%-40% of total number of new words.
Examples :
micro
→
microwave

anti
→
antiparticle

super
→
superstar

-phonic
→
periphonic , -cide
→
ecocide

b. Compounding

compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases.

Words
formed
in
this
way
are
called
compounds.

It
contains
two
patterns: characteristics of compounds, formation of compounds.
Examples :
brainwashing


toothache

deadline blueprint out break up-bringing
c. Conversion
Conversion
is
the
formation
of
new
words
by
converting
words
of
one
class to another class.

New words are new only in a grammatical sense.
Examples :
newly- weds

new-borns

never-was

ism

also-run

ups and downs
d. Blending
Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words
or a word plus a part of another word.

Words formed as such are called
blends or portmanteau words.


Examples:
com sat(communication
＋
satellite)
通讯卫星，

chinglish(Chinese
＋
English)
汉式英语

lunarnaut(lunar+astronaut)
月球宇航员，

transceiver(transmitter
＋

receiver)
无线电收发器，

nanolaser(nanometer
＋

laser)
纳米激光器。

e. Clipping
Another
common
way
of
making
a
word is to shorten,
or
clip
a
longer
word, known as clipping.

It is the formation of new words by cutting a
part off the original using what remains instead.


Examples:
quake(earthquake)
copter(helicopter)
chute(parachute)

drome(aerodrome)



deli(delicatessen)







memo(memorandum)
flu(influenza)





jams(pajamas)
f. Acronymy
Acronymy
is
the
process
of
forming
new
words
by
joining
the
initial
letters
of
composite
names
of
social
and
political
organizations
and
phrases
used
as
technical
terms.

Words
formed
in
this
way
are
called
acronyms,
which
can
be
subdivided
into
initialisms
and
acronyms
depending on the pronunciation of the words.


Example:
VOA(voice of America )

BBC(British Broadcast Corporation)