locked计算机英语参考答案

2021年1月21日发(作者：con是什么意思)



附
录

参
考
答
案



Unit 1
〖
Ex. 1
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1) A general-purpose computer has four main sections. They are the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU),
the
control
unit,
the
memory,
and
the
input
and
output
devices,
collectively
termed
I/O.
They
are
interconnected by busses, often made of groups of wires.

(2) The control unit is often called a control system or central controller.


(3)

●


Read the code for the next instruction from the cell indicated by the program counter.

●


Decode the numerical code for the instruction into a set of commands or signals for each of the
other systems.

●


Increment the program counter so it points to the next instruction.

●


Read
whatever
data
the
instruction
requires
from
cells
in
memory,
or
perhaps
from
an
input
device. The location of this required data is typically stored within the instruction code.

●


Provide the necessary data to an ALU or register.

●


If the instruction requires an ALU or specialized hardware to complete, instruct the hardware to
perform the requested operation.

●


Write the result from the ALU back to a memory location or to a register or perhaps an output
device.

●


Jump back to the first step.
(4) The two classes of operations ALU is capable of performing are arithmetic and logic.
(5) Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR and NOT.
(6)
A
computer's
memory
can
be
viewed
as
a
list of
cells
into
which
numbers
can
be placed or
read.
Each cell has a numbered

(7)
The
two
principal
varieties
of
computer
main
memory
are
random
access
memory
or
RAM
and
read-only memory or ROM.


(8)
In
a
PC,
the
specialized
program
called
the
BIOS
orchestrates
loading
the
computer's
operating
system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset.

(9) Software that is stored in ROM is often called firmware because it is notionally more like hardware
than software.


185
计算机英语

(10)
I/O
is
the
means
by
which
a
computer
receives
information
from
the
outside
world
and
sends
results back.

〖
Ex. 2
〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇

(1)
input

(2)
microprocessor

(3)
program

(4)
bus

(5)
hardware

(6)
memory

(7)
output

(8)
cell

(9) register

(10) address

〖
Ex. 3
〗把下列句子翻译为中文

(1)
他进城的目的是买一台新计算机。

(2)
大多数在线服务都有自己的浏览器。

(3)
软盘可以是双倍密度的或者高密度的。

(4)
公式包括单元的地址。

(5) C
语言也许最适宜被称为“中级语言”
。

(6)
每一个浏览器都有内置的功能来理解
HTML
。

(7) C
语言是世界上最流行的计算机语言之一。

(8) Java
技术既是一种编程语言，也是一个平台。

(9)
实际上，一个视窗管理器可以被看作是命令行操作系统的图形用户界面。

(10)
数据库管理系统处理用户对数据库的操作请求。


〖
Ex. 4
〗选择适当的答案填空（真题再现


2007
年
11
月程序员专业英语试题）

(1) B

(2) A

(3) A

(4) D

(5) A

〖
Ex. 5
〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）

(1)
hardware

(2)
operate

(3)
device

(4)
other

(5)
effective

(6)
moving

(7)
considered






(8) designer

(9) exists

(10) speed


〖
Ex.6
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1)
The
computer
enclosure
is
used
to
protect
the
components
and
circuitry
housed
therein
from
physical
damage,
and
to
prevent
electromagnetic
signals
generated
by
components
of
the
computer
from
escaping
and
causing
electromagnetic
interference
(EMI)
to
other
electronic
devices
in
the
vicinity of the computer.

(2) A typical computer enclosure includes a chassis, an expansion card seat, a front bezel and a plurality
of components connectable to external apparatus and systems.





(3) A general computer system is basically built with a motherboard, interface cards and peripherals.

(4)
The
motherboard
is
the
physical
arrangement
that
contains
the
system's
basic
circuitry
and
components.
(5) Memory is a semiconductor storage device for holding programs or data. There're three basic forms
of memories. They are dynamic storage, non-volatile memory and static memory.

In dynamic storage, data must be constantly refreshed and data are erased when power is no longer
applied to the cell. In non-volatile memory, data remains permanently in the cell even when power is not

186

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参考答案

applied, and in static memory data does not need to be refreshed but its data is lost when power is no
longer applied to the cell.


(6) RAM differs from ROM in that when power is disconnected from RAM, the data stored in random
access
memory
is
lost
whereas
when
power
is
disconnected
from
ROM
the
data
stored
in
read
only
memory remains.



(7)
ROM
can
be
further
categorized
into
a
programmable
read
only
memory
(PROM),
erasable
programmable read only memory (EPROM), and electrically erasable programmable read only memory
(EEPROM). Whereas,
RAM
can
be
further
categorized
into
a
static
random
access
memory
(SRAM)
and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
(8) A computer data processor is often referred to as a microprocessor. A microprocessor is a circuit that
combines
the
instruction-handling,
arithmetic,
and
logical
operations
of
a
computer
on
a
single
semiconductor
integrated
circuit.
Microprocessors
can
be
grouped
into
two
general
classes,
namely
general-purpose microprocessors and special-purpose microprocessors.
(9) A hard disk drive (HDD) is a device that stores or reproduces data in a desired storage location by
moving its magnetic head to the desired location in a head load state. The hard disk drive is standard
equipment for personal computer, server or industrial computer.
(10) Generally, the HDD is electrically connected
with a motherboard of the computer by
means of a
signal
cable
assembly
and
a
power
cable
assembly
interconnected
between
the
motherboard
and
the
switching power supply.
Unit 2
〖
Ex. 1
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1)
A
cathode
ray
tube
(CRT)
displays
a
picture
by
displaying
a
plurality
of
pixels
on
a
screen
using
electric charges which are discharged from a cathode ray tube and impact a fluorescent plate.



(2) CRT monitors are large and bulky due to the large vacuum tubes that enclose the cathode and extend
from
the
cathode
to
the
faceplate
of
the
display.
Additionally,
CRTs
require
a
relatively
high
voltage
power supply to sufficiently accelerate electron beams for displaying images.

(3) The flat panel display may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP), an
organic light emitting display (OLED), and a field emission display (FED), etc.
(4) A printer is an image formation device which receives data from a host computer and then forms a
corresponding image onto a recordable medium such as a sheet of paper.

(5) Dot-impact printer, inkjet printer, laser printer, and thermal printer the most popular printers.




(6) Inkjet printing has gained wide acceptance by consumers in the printing industry because it is fast in
printing speed and is a relatively inexpensive form of printing and yet it produces high resolution printed
images.
(7)
The
laser
printer
has
advantageous
operating
characteristics
of
low
noise,
high
speed
and
high
resolution.
(8) A sound card often includes a powerful numeric processor, such as a digital signal processor (DSP),


187
计算机英语

which can perform frequency modulation synthesis for the various functions of the sound board.

(9) In typical networks, computer systems use NICs to enable them to communicate over networks with
other computer systems.
(10) A network interface card typically provides a physical connection between a host and a network or
networks, as well as providing media access control (MAC) functions that allow the host to access the
network or networks.

〖
Ex. 2
〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇

(1)
screen

(2)
monitor

(3)
pixel

(4)
cathode

(5)
faceplate

(6)
voltage

(7)
reciprocate






(8) continuous

(9) resolution

(10) character


〖
Ex. 3
〗把下列句子翻译为中文

(1)
操作系统是管理计算机资源的程序。

(2)
典型的计算机数据库包括数据记录和文件的集合。

(3)
压缩过的文件通 常要使用像
PKZip
或
WinZip
这样的实用工具软件解压。

(4)
只通过行号和列标（如“
A1
”
）来调用单元格称作相对引用。

(5)
软盘不能保存太多的数据，但绝大多数计算机都能够读取它们的信息。

(6)
万维网涉及因特网上所有可以公共访问的文档。

(7)
数据库管理系统允许用户对安全性和数据完整性请求进行控制。

(8)
要执行数学运算，函数比公式更有效。

(9)
在更大的网络中，从一个交换点到另一个交换点的旅行被称为“中继”
。

(10)
统一资源定位符基本上就是赋给浏览器的一个文件的地址。


〖
Ex. 4
〗选择适当的答案填空（真题再现


2007
年
5
月程序员专业英语试题）

(1) D

(2) B

(3) D

(4) C

(5) C

〖
Ex. 5
〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）

(1)
laser

(2)
mix

(3)
layers

(4)
heat

(5)
cooled

(6)
become

(7)
controlling

(8)
reflect





(9) absorb

(10) digital

(11) results

(12) reformed

〖
Ex.6
〗根据课文填空

(1) five, a major technological development
(2) vacuum tubes, magnetic drums, very expensive, heat
(3) machine language, one
(4) UNIV
AC, ENIAC computers
(5) transistors, punched cards, printouts
(6) symbolic, or assembly, languages, to specify instructions in words, COBOL, FORTRAN
(7) the integrated circuit, a mass audience, smaller and cheaper
(8) The microprocessor, a single silicon chip
(9) IBM, 1984

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参考答案

(10) artificial intelligence
(11) Quantum computation, nanotechnology
(12) natural language input, learning and self-organization
Unit 3
〖
Ex. 1
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1) Computer software consists of programs. It enables a computer to perform specific tasks. The term
includes application software, system software and middleware.
(2)
A
machine
language
consists
of
groups
of
binary
values
signifying
processor
instructions
(object
codes), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state.



(3)
System
software
helps
run
the
computer
hardware
and
computer
system.
It
includes
operating
systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more.
(4) Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs
and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include text
editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on.

(5)
Application
software
allows
end
users
to
accomplish
one
or
more
specific
(non-computer
related)
tasks.
Typical
applications
include
industrial
automation,
business
software,
educational
software,
medical software, databases, and computer games.
(6) They are platform software, application software and user software.
(7)
Platform
software
includes
the
firmware,
device
drivers,
an
operating
system,
and
typically
a
graphical user interface.


(8) Typical examples of application software are Office suites and video games.

(9)
User
software
includes
spreadsheet
templates,
word
processor
macros,
scientific
simulations,
and
scripts for graphics and animations.
(10) Instructions may be performed sequentially, conditionally, or iteratively. Sequential instructions are
those operations that are performed one after another. Conditional instructions are performed such that
different sets of instructions execute depending on the value(s) of some data. In some languages this is
known as an
data value. This is sometimes called a






〖
Ex. 2
〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇

(1)
load

(2)
compile

(3)
value

(4)
instruction

(5)
interpret

(6)
alphabet

(7)
assembler






(8) utility

(9) communication

(10) programmer


〖
Ex. 3
〗把下列句子翻译为中文

(1)
机器语言由一些能被特殊处理器所理解的未加工的数字组成。

(2)
任何一个特别病毒的实际效果取决于编写该病毒的程序员是如何编程的。

(3)
几个月不升级的抗病毒软件面对当前的病毒不能提供什么保护。



189
计算机英语

(4)
一般地说，内存以千字节或兆字节来度量，磁盘空间以兆字节或吉字节来度量。

(5)
超文本传输协议是浏览器自己的协议，一般用于传递
HTML
格式的文件。

(6)
局域网是一个由相互接近的、特别是在一个房间内或一个建筑内的计算机连接起来的网络。

(7)
对于移动用户来说，防火墙允许通过使用安全登录规程和鉴定证书来远程访问私有网络。

(8)
从因特网用户的观点看，下载文件是从另一个计算机（或从另一个计算机的网页）上请 求它
并接收它。

(9)
在
1957
年苏联发射了人造地 球卫星之后，美国军事部门开始建立高级研究计划署（
ARPA
）
以资助一些有时与军 事含糊地相关的研究。

(10)
通常一个芯片组被集成在一个芯片上。


〖
Ex. 4
〗选择适当的答案填空（真题再现


2006
年
11
月程序员专业英语试题）

(1) D

(2) A

(3) B

(4) C

(5) B

(6) A

(7) C

(8) C

(9) A

(10) C

〖
Ex. 5
〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）

(1) related

(2) customers

(3) fields

(4) information

(5) accessible

(6) emphasis

(7) mainframe

(8) implies

(9) method

(10) directory

〖
Ex.6
〗根据课文内容，判断正误

(1) T

(2) T

(3) F

(4) F

(5) T

(6) T

(7) F

(8) T

(9) F

(10) T
Unit 4
〖
Ex. 1
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1) An operating system is the core software component of your computer. It performs many functions
and is, in very basic terms, an interface between your computer and the outside world.




(2)
It
translates
commands
from
the
operating
system
or
user
into
commands
understood
by
the
component part it interfaces with. It also translates responses from the component part back to responses
that can be understood by the operating system, application program, or user.


(3) System tools (programs)
are used to
monitor computer performance, debug problems, or maintain
parts of the system.
(4) Because operating systems are written by human programmers who can make mistakes.

(5) Errors in operating systems cause three main types of problems are system crashes and instabilities,
security flaws and malfunctions.
(6) A system crash is the act of a system freezing and becoming unresponsive which would cause the
user to need to reboot.


(7) Unauthorized intruders may try to use these to gain illegal access to your system. You should patch
these flaws often to help keep your computer system secure.

(8) There are many types of operating systems. The most common is the Microsoft suite of operating
systems.



190

附录

参考答案

(9) Windows XP Professional Edition
—

A version used by many businesses on workstations. It has the
ability to become a member of a corporate domain.
(10)
Yes,
there
are.
They
are
UNIX,
Linux
and
Apple
Macintosh.
The
greatest
problem
with
these
operating systems is that not as many application programs are written for them.






〖
Ex. 2
〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇

(1)
install

(2)
command

(3)
translate

(4)
mistake

(5)
release

(6)
control

(7)
crash

(8)
instability

(9) reboot

(10) workstation


〖
Ex. 3
〗把下列句子翻译为中文

(1)
它把操作系统装入内存并启动操作系统。

(2)
在计算机上，有两种基本项目需要组织。

(3)
字体可以用于计算机屏幕显示和打印机的硬拷贝输出。

(4)
光纤是一个可以传输光束的玻璃细丝。

(5)
当你在键盘上输入时，这些字符和数字就出现在监视器上。

(6)
内联网是私有网络。许多内联网分散在世界各地。

(7)
在计算机屏幕上，文件夹通常看上去像黄色或蓝色的纸文件夹。

(8)
一旦完成源内容的编码，制作流媒体的过程就完成了。

(9)
从语法结构上说，一个域名包括用圆点隔开一系列名称（标志）
。

(10)
你在显示器上看到的视频质量取决于视频卡和你所选择的显示器。


〖
Ex. 4
〗选择适当的答案填空（真题再现


2006
年
5
月程序员专业英语试题）

(1) C

(2) B

(3) B

(4) A

(5) D

(6) D

(7) D

(8) B

(9) D

(10) D

〖
Ex. 5
〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）

(1) loaded

(2) boot

(3) applications

(4) use

(5) requests

(6) defined

(7) interact

(8) through

(9) command

(10) graphical

〖
Ex.6
〗根据课文内容填空

(1) let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time


(2) This real-time sharing of resources
(3) medium- sized minicomputers
(4)
multitasking
capability,
multiuser
capability,
portability,
UNIX
programs,
library
of
application
software
(5) printing out one file, the user edits another file
(6) compartmentalizing the document, don't override the changes of another user
(7) permits it to move from one brand of computer to another
(8) integral utilities, tools
(9)
the
kernel,
which
schedules
tasks
and
manages
storage,
the
shell,
which
connects
and
interprets
users' commands, calls programs from memory, and executes them, the tools and applications that offer


191
计算机英语

additional functionality to the operating system
(10) the command driven Bourne Shell, the C Shell (no pun intended), menu-driven shells
Unit 5
〖
Ex. 1
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1) A data structure is a specialized format for organizing and storing data. General data structure types
include the array, the file, the record, the table, the tree, and so on.



(2) In computer programming languages, an array is a group of objects with the same attributes that can
be addressed individually, using such techniques as subscripting.


(3) Yes, it must.
(4)
Some
operating
systems
and
applications
describe
files
with
given
formats
by
giving
them
a
particular file name suffix.

(5)
The
organization
of
data
in
the
record
is
usually
prescribed
by
the
programming
language
that
defines the record's organization and/or by the application that processes it.
(6) In computer programming, a table is a data structure used to organize information, just as it is on
paper.

(7) In data processing, a table, also called an array, is an organized grouping of fields. Tables may store
relatively permanent data, or may be frequently updated.

(8)
In
a
relational
database,
a
table,
sometimes
called
a
file,
organizes
the
information
about
a
single
topic into rows and columns.


(9) A decision table is often called a truth table. It contains a list of decisions and the criteria on which
they are based.
(10) An HTML table is used to organize Web page elements spatially or to create a structure for data that
is best displayed in tabular form, such as lists or specifications.

〖
Ex. 2
〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇

(1)
interrupt

(2)
record

(3)
table

(4)
list

(5)
subscript

(6)
suffix

(7)
define

(8)
row

(9)
sector

(10) sort


〖
Ex. 3
〗把下列句子翻译为中文

(1)
星型拓扑通常由双绞线实现，特别是非屏蔽双绞线。

(2)
视频卡是计算机的一部分，它把视频数据转换成你在显示器上能看到的可视信息。

(3)
多用户操作系统允许不同的用户同时利用计算机资源。

(4)
地址是因特网上信息网站、一个特定文件（如网页）或一个电子邮件用户的唯一位置。

(5)
多年来，
ARPA
已经在计算机科学研究方面资助了许多项目，其中很多都对现代工艺水平有深
远的影响。

(6)
当然实际上，随着更复杂软件应用的出现，计算机语言只不过又产生了软件故障的新类型。

(7)
计算机病毒是一个程序，当首次感染可执行文件或硬盘和软盘的系统区域后开始传播自己并

192

附录

参考答案

制作自己的拷贝。

(8)
当所有
RAM
都被使用了（如 许多程序同时打开）
，计算机就把数据交换到硬盘上，给用户的
印象是好像还有些内存。

(9)
编译程序忽略全部注释。

(10)
你不用离开
Word
就可以用电子邮件发送你的文档。


〖
Ex. 4
〗选择适当的答案填空（真题再现


2005
年
11
月程序员专业英语试题）

(1) D

(2) D

(3) B

(4) A

(5) D

(6)
①
D
②
A
③
A

(7) C

(8) B

〖
Ex. 5
〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）

(1)
database

(2)
random

(3)
records

(4)
leaves

(5)
end

(6)
beyond

(7)
nodes

(8)
two






(9) power

(10) depth

〖
Ex.6
〗根据课文内容，判断正误

(1)
T

(2)
F

(3)
F

(4)
T

(5)
T

(6)
T

(7)
F

(8)
F

(9)
T

(10)
F

(11)
T

(12)
F

(13)
F

(14) F

(15) F

(16) F

(17) T

(18) T
Unit 6
〖
Ex. 1
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1) C is a computer programming language. That means that you can use C to create lists of instructions
for a computer to follow.


(2)
Yes,
it
is.
It
has
won
widespread
acceptance
because
it
gives
programmers
maximum
control
and
efficiency.


(3) This means that once you write your C program, you must run it through a C compiler to turn your
program into an executable that the computer can run.
(4) The form of the C program is the human-readable form.
(5) If you are using a UNIX machine, the C compiler is available for free.

(6) A widely used commercial compiler is Microsoft Visual C++ environment which compiles both C
and C++ programs. No, unfortunately, this program costs several hundred dollars.

(7) If you mistype the program, it either will not compile or it will not run.
(8)
If
the
program
does
not
compile
or
does
not
run
correctly,
edit
it
again
and
see
where
you
went
wrong in your typing. Fix the error and try again.

(9) The way your program remembers things is by using variables. A variable has a name (in this case, b)
and a type (in this case, int, an integer).
(10) In C, there are several standard types for variables. They are int
—

integer (whole number) values,
float
—

floating point values and char
—

single character values (such as





〖
Ex. 2
〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇



193
计算机英语

(1)
string

(2)
prompt

(3)
form

(4)
compilation

(5)
quit

(6)
symbol

(7)
block

(8)
variable


(9) return

(10) microcomputer


〖
Ex. 3
〗把下列句子翻译为中文

(1)
大部分通用计算机是桌面系统。

(2)
学会熟练地操作电脑不容易。

(3)
通过使用键盘上的方向键移动光标。

(4) BIOS
检查看是冷启动还是重新启动。

(5) Java
字节代码帮助实现了“一次写成，到处可用”
。

(6)
输入计算机的文本通常显示在光标位置。

(7) Windows
的文件名及文件夹名可以包含多达
250
字符。

(8)
操作系统（
OS
）是最先装入计算机的软件。

(9)
免费软件是无附加任何条件的可以免费使用的软件。

(10)
网桥有时也和路由器结合在一起，组成叫做桥式路由器的产品。


〖
Ex. 4
〗选择适当的答案填空（真题再现


2005
年
5
月程序员专业英语试题）

(1) B

(2) D

(3) A

(4) B

(5) A

(6) C

(7) B

(8) A

(9) A

(10) D

〖
Ex. 5
〗
将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）

(1)
widely

(2)
applications

(3)
community

(4)
written

(5)
standardized

(6)
popularity

(7)
replaced

(8) superset

(9) concepts

(10) similar

〖
Ex.6
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1) C++ is a general purpose programming language invented in the early 1980s by Bjarne Stroustrup at
Bell Labs.


(2)
The
purpose
of
C++
is
to
precisely
define
a
series
of
operations
that
a
computer
can
perform
to
accomplish a task.




(3) It means they have to be told exactly what to do and this is defined by
the programming language
you use. Once programmed, they can repeat the steps as many times as you wish at very high speed.
(4) It can put data into a database or pull it out, display high speed graphics in a game or video, control
electronic devices attached to the PC or even play music and/or sound effects.
(5) No, they tend to be done in variants of Basic.
(6) The answer: almost none. It is a nearly universal programming language and can be found on most
microcomputers, and all the way up to big computers costing millions of dollars.
(7)

●


Download and Install Borland Turbo C++ Explorer

●


Download and Install Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Express Edition

●


Download and Install Open Watcom C/C++ Compiler

(8) Yes, there is. Because open source code can be viewed and used by anyone.
(9) The top three most popular programming languages according to the quarterly survey are
Java, C and C++.

194

附录

参考答案

(10) You need to be artistic or have an artist friend. You'll also need music and sound effects.


195
计算机英语

Unit 7
〖
Ex. 1
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1) In computing, a database can be defined as a structured collection of records or data that is stored in
a computer so that a program can consult it to answer queries.




(2) The computer program used to manage and query a database is known as a database management
system (DBMS).


(3) The term





(4)
Typically,
for
a
given
database,
there
is
a
structural
description
of
the
type
of
facts
held
in
that
database: this description is known as a schema. The schema describes the objects that are represented in
the database, and the relationships among them.

(5) The model in most common use today is the relational model.
(6)
Many
professionals
consider
a
collection
of
data
to
constitute
a
database
only
if
it
has
certain
properties:
for
example,
if
the
data
is
managed
to
ensure
its
integrity
and
quality,
if
it
allows
shared
access by a community of users, if it has a schema, or if it supports a query language. However, there is
no agreed definition of these properties.

(7)
Yes,
a
great
deal
of
the
internal
engineering
of
a
DBMS
is
independent
of
the
data
model.
It
is
concerned
with
managing
factors
such
as
performance,
concurrency,
integrity,
and
recovery
from
hardware failures.


(8)
The
flat
(or
table)
model
consists
of
a
single,
two-dimensional
array
of
data
elements,
where
all
members of a given column are assumed to be similar values, and all members of a row are assumed to
be related to one another.

(9) In a hierarchical model, data is organized into a tree-like structure, implying a single upward link in
each
record
to
describe
the
nesting,
and
a
sort
field
to
keep
the
records
in
a
particular
order
in
each
same-level list.




(10)
Three
key
terms
are
used
extensively
in
relational
database
models:
relations,
attributes,
and
domains. Users (or programs) request data from a relational database by sending it a query that is written
in a special language, usually a dialect of SQL.

〖
Ex. 2
〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇

(1)
loop

(2)
query

(3)
property

(4)
model

(5)
failure

(6)
index

(7)
link

(8)
attribute

(9)
filter

(10) locate


〖
Ex. 3
〗把下列句子翻译为中文

(1)
便携式电脑（膝上型电脑）是微型计算机，小得足以放在膝盖上使用。

(2)
公式被输入在电子表格的单元格中并必须以等号“
=
”开头。


(3)
打印机的主要类型有：点阵式、菊瓣轮式、喷墨式和激光打印式。


(4)
阿帕网可以使相隔数千英里的人合作。



196

附录

参考答案

(5)
超文本标识语言是表示网页的最常用的语言。


(6)
记录元素代表不同类型的信息，可以通过名字访问。

(7)
在数值计算和计算机应用中，矩阵用于组织表格形式的数据。


(8)
在因特网中，一个节点或一个止点都可以是网关节点或主（端点）节点。

(9)
反向环是由两个相反方向的环构成的环型拓扑。


(10)
在最简单的网络中，无须用交换机来发送和接收网内的消息。


〖
Ex. 4
〗选择适当的答案填空（真题再现


2004
年
11
月程序员专业英语试题）

(1) B

(2) C

(3) D

(4) B

(5) C

(6) D

(7) D

(8) A

(9) C

(10) B

〖
Ex. 5
〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）

(1)
collection

(2)
accessed

(3)
updated

(4)
types

(5)
organizational

(6)
relational

(7)
reorganized

(8) distributed

(9) network

(10) classes

〖
Ex.6
〗根据课文内容填空

(1) all types of anomalies, in the domain/key normal form

(2) hierarchical
(3) object databases
(4) PICK aka MultiValue, MUMPS
(5) a sorted list of the contents of some particular table column
(6) matching some criterion
(7) atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability
(8)
improve
performance
or
availability
of
the
whole
database
system,
Master/Slave
Replication,
Quorum, and Multimaster
(9) the entire range of computer software, large multi-user applications
(10) JDBC, ODBC
Unit 8
〖
Ex. 1
〗根据课文内容回答问题

(1) An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior.




(2)
In
objectoriented
programming,
a
class
is
a
template
definition
of
the
methods
and
variables
in
a
particular kind of object.



(3)

●


A class can have subclasses that can inherit all or some of the characteristics of the class. In
relation to each subclass, the class becomes the superclass.

●


Subclasses can also define their own methods and variables that are not part of their superclass.

(4) The class hierarchy is the structure of a class and its subclasses.


(5) In objectoriented programming (OOP), inheritance is a feature that represents the
between
different
classes.
Inheritance
allows
a
class
to
have
the
same
behavior
as
another
class
and


197