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2021-01-21 01:34
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2021年1月21日发(作者:moomoo)
宝马
E90
底盘悬挂学员培训手册(英文)



Participant's Manual
Suspension E90
BMW
ServiceThe
information
contained
in
this
Participant's
Manual
is
intended solely for the participants of
this seminar run by BMW Aftersales Training.
Refer
to
the
latest
relevant

Service
information
for
any
changes/supplements to the
Technical Data.
Information status: October 2004
conceptinfo@2004 BMW AG
Aftersales Training, München, Germany.

Reprints
of
this
manual
or
its
parts
require
the
written
approval
of
BMW AG,
Müipant's Manual

Suspension E90
Front axle
Rear axle
Electric
steering
lock
ELVInformation on
this
Participant's
Manual
Symbols used
The
following
symbols
are
used
in
this
Participant's
Manual
to
facilitate
better
comprehension
and
to
draw
attention
to
important
information.
3 contains information for better understanding of the described
systems
and
their
functions1
identifies
the
end
of
an
item
of
information.
Current content of Participant's Manual
In
view
of
the
constant
further
developments
in
the
design
and
equipment
of
BMW
vehicles
deviations
may
arise
between
this
Participant's
Manual
and the vehicles made available as part of the training course.
The
background
material
refers
exclusively
to
left-hand
drive
vehicles.
The controls are in part arranged differently in right-hand drive
vehicles
than shown on the graphics in the Participant's Manual.
Additional information sources
You
will
find
further
information
on
the
individual
vehicle
topic
in
the BMW
diagnosis and repair systems as well as on the Internet under
//0>..Contents
Suspension E90
Objectives 1
Purpose of this Participant's Manual 1
Models 3
Development of BMW rear axles 3
Introduction 5
System components 7
E90 front axle 7
E90 rear axle 11
Electric steering lock 19
Service information 275
Objectives
Suspension E90
Purpose of this Participant's Manual
The Participant's Manual is a document The front and rear axles and
the electric
designed to accompany a seminar while at the steering lock ELV are
described in this
same time serving as a source of reference. Participant's Manual.
15
26
Models
Suspension E90
Development of BMW rear axles
BMW chassis and suspension systems and the integral optimum chassis
and suspension
therefore the sportive and dynamic character tuning.
of the individual models have long been based
The following table shows the development
on the special axle designs and, of course, on
history of BMW rear axles:
Explanation Distinguishing features Model
HA 1 Semi- trailing arm axle E3, E9, E12, E21,
E28, E30, E36/5,
E36/7, E114
HA 2 Screw-link axle E23, E24, E32, E34
HA 3 Central-link rear axle Z1, E36/2, E36/3,
E36/4, E36/C, E46,
E83, E85
Double lateral control arm axle E26
HA 4 Experimental study
HA 5 Dispersed double control arm axle E87, E90
Integral I Experimental study
Integral II Experimental study
Integral III E31
Integral IV Steel, spring, damper tower E38
Integral IV Aluminium, spring, damper tower E39
Integral IV Aluminium, spring on body and damper on axle E39/2
carrier
Integral IV Steel axle carrier, aluminium link and steel wheel E53
carrier, spring and damper separated but both
supported on body
Integral IV Aluminium axle carrier with cast node technology E65
and cast swing arm, spring strut shock absorber
tower
Integral IV Aluminium axle carrier with cast node technology E6x
and cast swing arm, spring strut shock absorber
tower
36
47
Introduction
Suspension E90
Suspension E90
1 - Front and rear axles in the E90
As can already be seen from the illustration, As opposed to the E87
front axle, the E90
the
chassis
and
suspension
of
the
E90
features
a
new
reinforcing
strut.
The balancing
represent
a
new
step
forward
in
the
mid-size
components
-
control
arm
and tension strut
class both at the front axle as well as at the rear mounts - and the
engine and transmission
axle.
The
front
axle
is
designed
as
a
double
mounts
have
been
adapted.
pivot spring strut axle MacPherson strut in
The rear axle has been completely redesigned
aluminium.
as a five-link axle for the E87 and E90. The
The design principle of the double pivot spring properties of the
front and rear axles are
strut front axle of the E90 was installed in the described in the
following.
E23 as early as 1977. At that time, however, it
was installed with recirculating ball-and-nut
steering behind the axle. The E90 and the E87
on the other hand feature front-mounted rack-
and-pinion steering.
57
68
System components
Suspension E90
E90 front axle
Double pivot spring strut front axle
Although
a
tension
strut
version
of
the
double
advantages,
specifically compared to the
pivot
spring
strut
front
axle
has
been
used
in
single-joint
or pivot
sprint strut front axle, are
BMW vehicles
for
over 25
years,
some of the listed in the following.
1 - E90 front axle
Both a positive + as well as a negative -
kingpin offset can be achieved by realizing the
virtual
axle
78
However, when taking into consideration the
self-stabilizing effect of a negative kingpin
offset in connection with asymmetrical braking
forces, this presumption is justified only under
uniform deceleration conditions in the
stationary or steady range. In the unsteady
case, i.e. at the start of the breaking procedure,
an implausible steering wheel movement
occurs that could convey to the driver a false
impression of the driving situation.
In addition, driving tests have shown that a
stabilizing effect is also achieved at a small
positive kingpin offset.
In view of the many other influencing factors
such as the castor angle, moment of inertia of
the vehicle, width of the tyre contact surface,
etc. a fundamental explanation of this
characteristic is provided.
2 - Pivot axle/steering axle
The overall vehicle handling is also
considerably more harmonious with the
double pivot spring strut front axle designed
with slightly positive kingpin offset.
Likewise, realization of the virtual
has a favourable effect on the package space
for the brake discs and brake callipers.
In the case of the single-joint or pivot spring
strut front axle, the wheel control joint is largely
determined by the size of the kingpin offset.
Since the kingpin offset should be as small as
possible, the wheel control joint must be
located as far towards the outside as possible.
This however results in problems concerning
the package space for the brake disc and
brake calliper. On the double pivot spring strut
front axle the position of the control arm and
3
-
Double
pivot
spring
strut
front
axle/determining
the
lower
pivot
point
tension strut with respect to each other
Initially, it was thought that a negative kingpin
determines the size of the kingpin offset.
offset should always be selected.
The pivot points of the control arm or
wishbone and tension strut at the swivel
bearing can therefore be selected such that no
space problems are encountered for the brake
system.
88
4 - Components of E90 front axle
Index Explanation Index Explanation
1 Front axle carrier 7 Stabilizer bar
2 Wheel hub 8 Swivel bearing
3 Stabilizer link 9 Hydro-mount
4 Control arm 10 Spring strut
5 Rack-and-pinion steering 11 Reinforcing strut not in E87
6 Tension strut
98
Both
tension
struts
are
mounted
with
Compared
to
that
of
the
control
arm, the ball
hydraulic
mounts
in
the
front
axle
carrier.
joint
guide
joint
of
the
tension strut is raised
at the swivel bearing, thus providing effective
In addition, the distance of the tension strut
anti-dive control. A further advantage of this
and control arm pivot points at the swivel
arrangement is that this tension strut mount
bearing largely determines the vertical force
on the axle carrier can be arranged at
lever arm.
approximately the same level with respect to
The greater the joints of the tension strut and the mounting at the
swivel bearing and does
control
arm
are
from
each
other
at
the
swivel
not
have
to
be
lowered.
This is of particular
bearing, the greater the weight reset force. benefit to a large
overhang angle. In addition,
it is possible to lower the control arm mount on
On the single-joint sprint strut front axle, the
the axle carrier side, thus enabling a lower roll
distance is generally zero as the two joints of
centre.
this axle have, as it were, merged to form one.
The
resulting
advantage
of
the
double
pivot
or
The
single- joint
spring
strut front axle features
joint
spring
strut
front
axle
is
improved
only
one
type
of
cross
brace
as the axle carrier.
directional stability in the high speed range
The double pivot spring strut front axle on the
and a lower tendency to steering instability in
other hand features a frame which additionally
the lower speed range insignificant for
provides significant stiffening of the front end.
steering wheel torsional vibration LDS.
Technical data
Explanation Value Explanation Value

安全保障-nelson


安全保障-nelson


安全保障-nelson


安全保障-nelson


安全保障-nelson


安全保障-nelson


安全保障-nelson


安全保障-nelson



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