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peninsula翻译句子(上海学生英文报)(答案)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-21 02:48
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鸡蛋壳-peninsula

2021年1月21日发(作者:jew)

汉译英中常见的若干问题

问题一:有些汉语没有主语或者主语很模糊,该怎么翻译
?
1
、有些汉语句 子的主语是:
“人们”

“有(些
)
人”

“大家 ”等概念较为模糊的词,翻译成
英语时最好用被动语态,避开主语,不影响意思。如:

1)
人们相信,好书如益友。
(equal)
It

s believed that a good book is equal to a good friend.
2)
有人以为睡前锻炼影响睡眠。
(effect)
It's though that doing exercises before bed has an effect on sleep.
2
、有些所给汉语尽管没有明确的主语,但能从汉语的特点进行判断。如:

1)
不努力则—事无成。

You/We/One can achieve nothing if you/we/he doesn't work hard.
当然,也可以省略主语来翻译:
Nothing can be achieved without efforts.
2)
不到长城非好汉。

One who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3
、有些所给汉语不强凋动作的施动者,译成英语时可以翻译成被动。

1)
应该鼓励学生将课堂所学应用到实践中去。
(apply)






Students should be encouraged to apply what is learned to practice.
2)
事故发生后不久就采取了紧急措施。
(measure)






Urgent measures were taken soon after the accident happened.
4
、有些汉语句子的主语是“人”
,但译成英语时却要作相应的调整。如:




1)
如果你方便的话,请帮我从邮局取同包裹。
(2002
年高考
)






If it is convenient to you, please fetch the parcel for me from the post office.
2)
如果不抓紧,你不可能在晚饭前完成任务。
(impossible)






If you don't hurry, it is impossible for you to complete the task before dinner.



3)
我们有必要让家长知道日程的改变。
(inform)






It is necessary for us to inform the students

parents of the change in the schedule.
5
、有些没有明确主语的汉语译成荚浯时可以使用固定搭配。如:

1)
据报道,那个省又遭台风袭击。
(report)
It is reported that a typhoon struck that province again.
= According to the report, that province was struck by a typhoon again.
2)
据说那位歌星曾当过超市收银员。

It is said that the singer once worked as a cashier at a supermarket.
= The singer is said to have once worked as a supermarket cashier.

问题二:人名、地名翻译要注意什么
?
1
、汉语的人名翻译时—般取汉语拼 音,由两个单词组成,词首大写,其余小写。双名的两
词之间没有空格或连字符号。如:

姚明
Yao Ming
;老王
Lao Wang
;杨力伟
Yang Liwei


2
、地名一般用汉语拼音来翻译,专有名词和普通名词间空一格,如:

江苏省
Jiangsu Province
:诲南岛
Hainan Island
有些地名有特定的英语翻译,如:


西藏
Tibet
;长城
the Great Wall
;豫园
theYuyuan Garden
;泰山
Mount Tai
城市名翻译成英语通常只有一个单词,如:

上海
Shanghai
;石家庄
Shijiazhuang
有些城市有特定的英泽,如:

香港
Hong Kong
;澳门
Macau
;哈尔滨
Harbin

问题三:什么是直译和意译?

所谓直译,
就是翻译时既忠实于原文的意义,
又忠实于原文的结构。
高考翻译中大部分
句子可以通过直译来翻泽。如:

1)
勤冼乒是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。
(infect)

(2003
年高考
)
Washing hands regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease.
2)
上周因为生病我缺了一些课,但是我会努力赶上大家的。


(2004
年高考
)
Because of my illness last week, I missed some lessons, but I will try to catch up with others.
直译不是“死译”或“乱译”
。有时如 果直接将汉语“硬”译成英语,译文会显得没有
意义,
恐怕中国人和外国人都会感到困惑。这时不妨试着找寻英语中较接近的表达方法,

译后的英语虽然句式变换了,但基本保持了 汉语的原意,这就叫“意译”


3
)此地无银三百两。

The more is concealed, the more is revealed.
4)
许多外国游客都想去长城一游,他们知道“不到长城非好汉”

(visit) (2002
春季高考
)
Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall. They know that
“He wh
o doesn't reach the
Great Wall is not a true man.


5)
请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机。
(or) (2003
年高考
)
Please make your decision as early as possible, or you'll miss the golden chance.
6)
他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务,同事们对他刮目相看。
(so) (2005
高考
)




He
finished
a
difficult
task
independently
soon
after
he
entered
the
company,
so
his
colleagues looked at him with new eyes.
7)
这小孩太调皮,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。


(So

)

(2006
高考
)
So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.
8)
毫无疑问,旅行使人开阔眼界,增长知识。
(doubt)

(2009
春季
)
There is no doubt that travelling broadens one's mind and increases one's knowledge.
直译和意译没有明确界限,往往是一句汉语整体可以直译,但局部
(< br>特别是“地道的”汉语,
如成语、俗语和谚语
)
却要通过意译来完成。


翻译句子

1
.我发现在压力下很难集中注意力。
(it)



I
find
it
hard
to
concentrate/focus
under
great
pressure.
2
.不断增长的人口对于有限的地球资源是一个巨大

的耗竭。
(drain)



The
increasing
population
is
a
great
drain
on
the
limited resources on the earth.
3
.作为医生需要强烈的责任感,因为这意味着生死
之别。
(mean)



Working as a doctor calls for/involves/takes a great
sense
of
responsibility,
for
it
means
the
difference/
all the differences between life and death.
4
.尽管被警告多次,学生依旧上课开手机,甚至老
师也熟视无睹。
(in spite of)



In spite of repeated warnings, students still kept their
mobile phones on in class so that even the teachers
turned a blind eye to it.
5
.可能你第一次尝试未必 会成功,但记住只有通过
刻苦努力你才能擅长某事物。

(bear in mind)
You
may
not
succeed
the
first
time
you
make
an
attempt/try,
but
bear
in
mind
that
only
through
hard
work/by
working
hard
will
you
be/become
good
at
things/doing something.
6
.他许诺给我们他的电邮。
(promise)




He promised to give us his E-mail address.

7

我们应该鼓励他再试—次而不是批评他。
(another)



Instead
of
criticizing
him,
we
ought
to
encourage
him to have another try.
8
.我们尊敬那位将她一生和关爱都致力于孤儿的老
妪。

(who)



We all respect the old lady who has devoted all her
life and care to the orphans.
9
.无论发生什么,我们必须在周五前完成实验。
(no
matter)



No
matter
what
happens,
we
must
finish
the
experiment before Friday.
10
.为了减肥和保持健康 ,他已经养成在夏天每日游
泳的习惯多年了。
(habit)




In order to lose weight and keep fit, he has had the
habit of going swimming every day in summer for
years.
11
.在许多方面,我们学到的知识是我们将来生活的
基础。
(basic)




What we have learned is basic to our future life in
many ways.
12< br>.我们今日的教育任务之—是使每个学生在毕业之
后获得独立生活的能力。
(obtai n)





One
of
the
tasks
of
education
today
is
to
enable
every
student
to
obtain
the
ability
of
living
independently after graduation.
13
.现代科技没有先进到可以解释宇宙中的所有事的
地步。

(so

as to

)
Modern
science
and
technology
is
not
so
advanced/developed
as
to
be
able
to
account
for/explain everything in the universe.
14
.没有证据表明经理在列表上用他的名字顶替了别
人。

(substitute

v.)




There
is
no
evidence
that
the
manager
substituted
his name for someone else’s on the list.

15
.最近许 多师生就考试作弊的学生是否要惩罚进行
了热烈的讨论。
(whether)




Recently
many
students
and
teachers
have
had
a
heated
discussion
on
whether
the
students
who
cheat in the examinations should be punished.
16

仅凭你提供的证据不能证明他是有罪的。
(provide)




The
proof/evidence
you’ve
provided
alone
can’t
prove that he is guilty/his guilt.
17
.限制车牌数量发放的政策旨在缓解上海严重的交
通拥堵。
(aim)





The policy of limiting the issuing of license plates/
number
plates
aims
to
ease/
aims
at
easing
the
serious traffic jams in Shanghai.
18

上海出台了
12
条房产新政来遏 制房价,
结果许多
房产中介纷纷倒闭。
(issue)




The
12
Real
Estate
Deal
has
been
issued
in
Shanghai
to
stop
the
housing
prices
from
rising,
causing
many
housing
agencies
to
close
down./
leading to many housing agencies closing down.
19
.只有当我们完全理解生命的价值时我们才会珍惜
幸福的每一刻并且帮助周围的人。
(Only

)
Only when we fully/quite understand the value of life
can
we
cherish/treasure
every
moment
of
happiness
and help the people around.
20
.谈到当前部分商品价格上涨的原因时,某官员说
有四个原因:货币发行过量、自然灾害、劳动力
成本上涨和炒作。
(talk)




Talking
of
the
reasons
for
the
current
rise
in
some
commodity
prices,
a
certain
official
said
that
there
were four (reasons): excessive amount of currency,
natural disasters, rising labor cost and speculation.
21
.学校图书馆在暑假每天开放。
(available)





The school library is available every day during the
summer vacation.
22
.六至十岁的男孩通常非常调皮。
(range)




Boys ranging in age from six to ten are usually very
naughty.
23
.尽管网购非常方便,个人信息安全不容忽视。
(while)
While
online
shopping
is
convenient,
the
security
of
personal information can’t be ignored
/
neglected.
24
.无论已发生了什么或将会发生什么,我们永远不
会失去我们的价值。
(no matter)




No matter what has happened or what will happen,
we will never lose our value.
25.我们应对变化和干扰的能力很大程度上决定了我
们是否能过上幸福安宁的生活。
(det ermine)




Our
ability
to
deal
with
change
and
disturbance
determines, to a great extent, whether we can live a
peaceful and happy life.
26
.对于我的问题她给了个机敏的答案。
(give)




She gave a clever answer to my question.
27
.我想知道我们何时能离开这儿。
(wonder)





I really wonder when we can leave here.
28
.我们应该把新技术运用到农业中去。
(apply)




We should apply the new technology to agriculture.
29
.当你收到信时,我已离开国家了。
(By..)
By
the
time
you
received
the
letter,
I
had
left
the
country.



By the time you receive the letter, I will have left
the country.
30
.我让两三个学生用花和灯装点教室,制造更好的
效果。(effect)
I
had
two
or
three
students
decorate
the
classroom
with flowers and lights to create a better effect.
31
.他刚进公司不久就独立完成了—项棘手的任务,
同事们对他刮 目相看。
(task)




He finished a difficult task on his own soon/shortly
after
he
entered
the
company,
so
his
colleagues
all
looked
at
him
differently/
with new
eyes/
regarded
him in a totally different light.
32
.请不要当众喧哗。
(speak)

Please don’t speak loudly in public.

33
.我能通过参 加像篮球和足球这样的团队体育活动
交到很多朋友。
(by)

鸡蛋壳-peninsula


鸡蛋壳-peninsula


鸡蛋壳-peninsula


鸡蛋壳-peninsula


鸡蛋壳-peninsula


鸡蛋壳-peninsula


鸡蛋壳-peninsula


鸡蛋壳-peninsula



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