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2021-01-21 02:59
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万元户-商科

2021年1月21日发(作者:轻如鸿毛)
WORD
文档

一花一叶

Another digital gold rush
又一轮的数字淘金热

Internet companies are booming again. Does that mean it is time to buy or to sell?
互联网公司再次勃兴。这是否意味着买入或者卖出正逢时?

May 12th 2011 | BEIJING AND SAN FRANCISCO | from the print edition
PIER
38
is
a
vast,
hangar-like
structure,
perched
on
San Francisco
w

asterfront.
Once
a
place
where
Chinese
immigrants
landed
with
picks
and
shovels,
ready
to
build
railways
during
California

s Gold Rush, the pier is now home to a host of entrepreneurs with smartphones and
computers engaged in a race for internet riches. From their open-plan offices, the young people
running start-ups with fashionably odd names such as NoiseToys, Adility and Trazzler can gaze at
the fancy yachts moored nearby when they aren

t furiously tapping out lines of code.
38
号坞棚(

PIER 38
)是坐落在旧金山滨海的一幢巨大棚库状结构的建筑。在加利福尼亚淘

金潮时期,

这里曾是准备修建铁路的中国移入民带着铁锹铁铲的登陆地,

是一群带着智能电话和电脑埋头于互联网财富竞赛的实业家们的老巢,

而这些坞棚如今则

这些年轻人运营着有

着像

NoiseToys


Adility


Trazzler
这样名字新潮而古怪的新兴企业,在他们激情四溢的打

出一行行的代码之外的时间里,可以凝望到(眺望)停泊在附近的豪华游艇。


The
speed
of
innovation
is
unlike
anything
we

veseen before,

says Ryan Spoon,
who
runs
Dogpatch Labs, an arm of a venture-capital firm that rents space to young companies at Pier 38.
Like many
other
entrepreneurs,
the
tenants
would
love
to
follow
firms
such
as Facebook and
Zynga, a maker of hugely popular online games including Farmville, that have been thrust into the
internet limelight in the space of a few short years.

创新的速度与我们先前的所见迥然不同


,在

38
号坞棚(

Pier 38
)运行着一家风险资本公

司分支,

向年轻公司出租空间的

Dogpatch Labs


Ryan Spoon
说。和其他许多企业一样,



些天才乐意于追从像脸书


Facebook



Zynga
这样的公司。

Zynga
公司是一个包括

Farmvile
游戏在内的极为风行的在线游戏制造商,

灯之下。

Some of the most prominent start- ups are preparing for stockmarket listings or are being bought
by big firms with deep pockets. On May 9th LinkedIn, a social network for professionals that took
in revenue of $$243m last year, set the terms of its imminent initial public offering (IPO) on the
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), which value it at up to $$3.3 billion. The next day Microsoft said
it was buying Skype, an internet calling and video service, for $$8.5 billion (see article).
某些最为卓越的新兴企业都在准备上市,或是被大型公司以丰厚的价格收购。在

面向专业人员的,去年收入达

$$2.43
亿美元的社交网络

所(
NYSE
,纽交所)首次公开募股(

$$33
亿美元。而就在次日,微软(

公司

Skype


Other firms such as Groupon, which provides online coupons to its subscribers, are likely to go
public
soon.
The
return
of
big
internet
IPOs, rarities
since
a
bubble
in
telecoms
and
internet
stocks burst
in
2000,
and
the
resurgence
of
large mergers
and
acquisitions
among
technology
firms
is
dividing
opinion
in
the
industry.
Some
veterans
see
a
new
bubble
forming
in
the
valuations of start-ups and a handful of more mature firms such as Twitter, which is still hunting
for a satisfactory business model five years after the first tweet. More sanguine voices retort that
many young companies have exciting prospects and that there are plenty of corporate buyers,
such as Microsoft, with the money and confidence to snap up older internet firms still in private
5


9
日,

LinkedIn
,为其即将在纽约股票交易

它在短短的数年之间里,

已经冲进了互联网的聚光

initial public offering (IPO)
)作出了规划,其估值将高达

Microsoft
)说将以

$$85
亿美元收购电话和视频服务互联网

1
一叶一世界
专业资料

WORD
文档

一花一叶

hands.
其他的,像

Groupon
这样为其定购者提供在线优惠券的公司,很可能不久也会上市。这次

大型互联网公司

IPO
的回归,在电讯行业和互联网行业股票泡沫在

到,在对新兴企业和少数像推特(

2000
年破灭后尤显稀少;

而在科技公司中再次出现的大量合并和收购是工业领域是分界线般的判定。有些老手就看

Twitter
)公司这样更为成熟的企业的估值上,新的泡沫的

许多年轻公司具有让人兴奋的预期,

并且有

形成。在第一条

tweet
出现

5
年之后,推特(

Twitter
)公司仍在为(取得)满意的商业模式

进行追索。

更多的持乐观态度的的声音反驳说,

网公司。

Technology, finance and China
科技,金融和中国

Yet both sides agree that the internet world is being transformed by a number of powerful forces,
three of which stand out. First, technological progress has made it much simpler and cheaper to
try out myriad bright ideas for online businesses. Second, a new breed of rich investors has been
keen to back those ideas. And, third, this boom is much more global than the last one; Chinese
internet firms are causing as much excitement as American ones.
但是双方都认同,

互联网世界为一系列的强力所改变,

其次,

新孕育出一股富有投资者热心于支持这些点子。

球化;中国的互联网公司就像美国的一样让人胸襟激荡。

Start with technology. Moore

s law, which holds that the number of transistors that can be put on
a
single
computer
chip
doubles
roughly
every
18
months,
has continued
to
work
its
magic,
leading
to
the
proliferation
of
ever
more
capable
and
affordable
consumer
devices.
Some
of
today

s tablet computers and smartphones are more powerful than personal computer
s were a
decade
ago.
IDC, a
research
firm,
estimates
that
around
450m
smartphones
will
be
shipped
worldwide this year, up from 303m in 2010.
先从科技开始吧。如其所言,大约每

18
个月,集成到一台单机电路板上的传感器的数量能

引发性能更优、

更能消费得起的消费设备的激

研究机构


s iTunes music
2010
年的

3.03
亿台上升到约

4.5
亿台。


cloud


services, such as Apple
够翻一倍
——
摩尔定理继续发挥非凡的效能,

而站得最为靠前面的是

3
种力量:



先,科技的进展使得互联网世界为在线商业试出繁多的聪明的点子更为简单,也更为廉价。

再者,

这一轮的勃兴比上一次更为全

相当多的像微软这样带着资金和自信的大型买家席卷那些仍在私人手中的较为年老的互联

增。


天,

有些平板电脑和智能电话比起十年前的某些个人台式电脑都更为强大。

IDC
估计,今年装船运往世界各地的智能电话,将从

Moore

s law also underpins the growth of
st
which can be reached from almost any device, almost anywhere. Such services are hosted in data
centres, the factories of the cloud, which are crammed with hundreds of thousands of servers,
whose
price
has plunged
as their
processing
power
has soared.
Everything
is
connected
ever
faster, with ever fewer wires.
摩尔定理同样可以支援



服务的增长,像苹果公司(

可以为任何地方的任何设备所接入。

用更少的电线。

These technological trends have given rise to new
co

m
p
p
u
l
a
t
i
t
n
f
o
g
r
m
b
a
s
s
e
s

on

which other
companies
can build
services. Examples include
operating
systems
for
smartphones
and
social
networks
such
as Facebook
and
LinkedIn.
Some of
them
are
used
by
hundreds
of
millions
of
people. And the platforms are generating oceans of data from smartphones, sensors and other
devices.
Apple
)的

iTunes
的音乐库,几乎

这些服务都积存于数据中心
——
集聚了成千上万种的服

务的



工厂,随着处理能力的飙升,价格直跌向下。所有一切都被更快连接起来,都 只

2
一叶一世界
专业资料

WORD
文档

一花一叶

这些技术上的潮流已经产生出新的


平台


——
建立在别的公司上的计算数据库可以构建出

Facebook
)和

LinkIn
这样的社交网络公司的操

而这些平台从智能手机、

传感器和

各种服务。实例包括面向智能手机和像脸书(

其他设备中孕育出数据的海洋。

作系统。

这些操作系统中的某些为数亿计的人群所使用。

These platforms are vast spaces of digital opportunity. Perhaps the most striking example of the
innovation they have sparked is the outpouring of downloadable software ap
plications, or

apps

,
for
smartphones
and
computers.
Apple

A
s
p

p

Store,
a mere
three
years
old,
offers
more
than
300,000 of them. Users of Facebook are installing them at a rate of 20m a day. Services such as
Skype have also benefited from the spread of smart devices and lightning-fast connectivity.
这些平台都是空间巨大的数据机遇。

也许,

因他们而得以闪耀的,

在创新方面最为惊人的例

apps

。苹


子,就是倾泻而来的可下载软件应用,或者就是面向智能手机和个人电脑的


的应用仓库,

仅仅

3
岁大,

提供的应用超过

30
万种。

脸书(
Facebook
)的用户,

以每天

2000
万人的平均速度安装这些应用。



Skype
这样的服务同样从灵巧设备的播散和光速般迅捷的

接入性能上得利。

Some excited people have likened this technological upheaval to the Cambrian explosion 500m
years ago, when evolution on Earth speeded up in part because the cell had been perfected and
standardised. They may be exaggerating. Even so, creating a web firm has become much easier.
By
tapping
into
cheap
cloud-computing
capacity
and
by
using
platforms
to
reach
millions
of
potential customers, a company can be up and running for thousands of dollars rather than the
millions needed in the 1990s.
有些因此着迷的人将这种技术上的爆发与

5
亿年前的寒武纪

(生命)

大爆发比连到一起。



通过导入便宜的




时候,地球上的进化速度出现加速,

有部分原因就是由于细胞已经有了完美的表现和标准的

形态。他们可能被夸大了。

即便如此,

创建一家网络公司变得更加容易。

计算


能力和使用平台来获取数百万的潜在用户,

Guardian angels
天使守护神

Thanks to the boom

s second driving force, finance, these companies have no shortage of eager

angels


in the venture industry

s jargon. Many of these
backers. Although too small to interest many venture-capital firms, they are being fought over by
wealthy individual investors, or
finan
behind today

s tiny companies.
这些公司与急切的赌徒们比起来毫不逊色。

20
世纪

不是

20
世纪

90
年代所需要的数百万美元来进行运营。

一家公司能够得以树立,

并用数千美元而

made
their
fortunes
during
the
1990s
bubble
and
are
eager
to
put
their
know-how
and
cash
金融,这一轮勃发的次要的驱动力是值得感谢的,

虽然(新兴企业)小到无法引起太多风险资本公司的兴趣,但他们靠着富有的私人投资家,
< br>或者就是受到风险工业的行话说的

天使

的争夺。这些金融家们中的 许多人,在

90
年代的泡沫中赚取了他们的财富,急切的要将他们那知根知底的本事和现金放到到今天

还很微小的公司背后。

Some

super angelssuc

h
a,s Aydin Senkut, a former Google employee who runs Felicis Ventures,
and Mike Maples, a software entrepreneur who oversees a firm called Floodgate, are occasionally
making bets comparable to those of conventional venture funds, which gather and invest money
from
a
wide
range
of
institutional
investors.
Individual
investments
of
up
to
$$1m
are
not
uncommon.
Sometimes
angels are
clubbing
together
to
provide
young
firms
with
even
larger
sums.
有些

超级天使


,他们偶尔作出与从一些列宽阔的机构投资者进行归集和投资的传统风险

3
一叶一世界
专业资料

WORD
文档

一花一叶

基金相匹敌赌注。比如,作为前谷歌雇员,运营

Felicis Ventures


Mike Maples


2
家公司

的软件实业家

Aydin
Senkut
,他就看中一家名为

Floodgate
的公司。个人投资者上个

$$100


美元也不是个稀罕事。有时候天使们抱作一团,从而为年轻公司提供更大总额的投资。

Their
cumulative
impact
is
staggering.
According
to
the
Centre
for
Venture
Research at
the
University of New Hampshire, angel investors in America pumped about $$20 billion into young
firms
last
year, up
from $$17.6
billion
in 2009.
That
is not
far
off
the
$$22
billion
that
America

s
National
Venture
Capital
Association
says its
members
invested
in
2010.
Much
of
the
angels


money has gone to consumer-internet firms and makers of software apps.
这些天使们总合后的冲击力令人吃惊。据新汉末谢尔大学(

University of New Hampshire
)的



2009
风险研究中心


Centre for Venture Research
),去年,

天使投资者向年轻公司的注资,

年的
$$176
亿上升到了约

$$200
亿美元。

比起美国风险资本联合会


America

s National Venture
Capital Association
)所称的,其成员在

2010
年投资的

$$220
亿美元,这与之相去不远。天使

投资中更多的资金流入了消费者

互联网公司和应用软件制作商。

The financing of more mature tech start-ups has also changed. Elite venture-capital firms such as
Andreessen Horowitz and Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers have raised billions of dollars in new
funds i
n

the past year or so. Some of this money has been pumped into
used to be the norm.
对更为成熟的科技新兴企业的进行的金融行为已经改变。

在去年前后的时刻,



Andreessen
Horowitz


Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers
这样的

Elite
风险

资本公司,从新基金上募集到

数十亿美元。

这些资金有一部分被注入到


最终阶段


投资(例如,

推特(
Twitter



Skype



比起以前被视作是普遍的,允许公司在更长的时间里保持更多的私有化和独立性。

Venture firms are not the only ones with internet companies in their sights. Some would argue
that it was DST, a Russian holding company now renamed , and a related investment fund,
DST Global, that set off the boom. In 2009, when most investors in America were sitting on their
hands,
both
poured
hundreds
of
millions
of
dollars
into
fast-growing
prospects
there
such
as
Facebook and Groupon. Those investments seem likely to pay off handsomely.
风险公司并非仅仅将互联网公司放入眼界之内。有些人会辩称说,就是一家如今被更名为


,由俄国人控制的公司

DST
,和一家相联系的投资基金

DST
环球,开启了这一轮的勃

这些投资似乎很可

兴。
2009
年,当美国境内的大多数投资者还缩手不前的时候,这两家公司就将数亿美元注

入到像脸书


Facebook
)和

Groupon
这样具有快速成长前景的公司中去。

能获得优厚的清偿。

American hedge funds, private-equity firms and even some mutual funds have followed, falling
over
one
another
in
pursuit
of
the
shares
of
popular
internet
companies.
Investment
banks
including
Goldman
Sachs and
JPMorgan Chase have
also
set
up
funds
to
help
rich
clients
buy
stakes.
美国的对冲基金、

私人股权公司,

甚至是相互基金随后都纷纷而来,

行互联网公司股票的追逐中。包括高盛(

这样的投资银行也都为富有的客户设立基金,用以购买股票。

Their
task
has
been
made
easier
by
the
advent
of
secondary
markets
in
America,
such
as
SharesPost and
SecondMarket,
that
allow
professional
investors
to
trade
the
equity
of
private
companies more efficiently. They have also made it simpler for employees and angel investors to
offload
some
shares

and
have
enabled
the
world
at
large
to
observe
a
remarkable
rise
in
一个接一个的落入对流

Goldman Sachs
)和

JP
摩根大通(

JPMorgan Chase


-stage


inv
e
s
l
t
a
m
t
e
e
nt
s

(eg, in Twitter and Skype), allowing companies to remain private and independent for longer than
4
一叶一世界
专业资料

万元户-商科


万元户-商科


万元户-商科


万元户-商科


万元户-商科


万元户-商科


万元户-商科


万元户-商科



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