可能英汉术语翻译术语

2021年1月21日发(作者：pillowcase)

1
绝对翻译。
Absolute Translation
。按 照古阿德克的解释，指专业译员为应付不同翻译要求
而采用的七种翻译类型之一。

According
to
Gouadec,one
of
7
types
of
translation
which can be used by professional translators to respond to the various translation
requirements

2
摘要翻译。
Abstract
Translation
古阿德提出的用以对付不同翻译要求的七种翻译策略之
一。
One of seven strategies proposed by Gouadec to fulfil the various translation
needs which arise in a professional environment
。


3
滥译。
Abusive Translation
。路易斯用来表示文学翻译中极端做法的一个术语。
A term
used by Lewis to refer to a radical approach to literary translation
。


4
可接 受性。
Accetability
。图里采用的术语，用来指可以从翻译作品中观察到的两种倾 向之
一。
A term used by Toury to denote one of two tendencies which can be observed in
translated texts
。


5
准确。Accuracy
。翻译评估中用来表示译文与原文相符成都的术语。
A
term
used
in
translation
evaluation
to
refer
to
the
extent
to
which
a
translation
matches
its
original
。


6
改编
Adaptation
。传统上用来指采用特别自由的翻译策略而做 出任何目标文本的术语。
A
term traditionally used to refer to any TT in which a particularly strategy has been
adopted
。




7
充分性。
Adequacy
。
某些译评者讨论源文本与目标文本关系属性时所 采用的术语。
A term
used
by
some
commentators
on
translation
to
discuss
the
nature
of
the
relationship between ST and TT,
按照图里的解释，指翻译过程中与规范相关的连续体的

两极之一。
According to Toury
，
one of the two poles of the continuum relates to the NORMS used in the translation
process
。


8
调整。
Adjustment
。
。按照奈达的解释， 指《圣经》翻译中使用的一套技巧，旨在于目标语
中“产生正确的对等形式”
，以

帮助译文达至动态对等。
According
to
Nida
，
a
set
of
techniques
used
in
Bible
translation
which
are
designed
to
“
produce
correct
equivalents
”
in TL and thus help a translation achieve dynamic equivalences

9
美学诗体翻译。
Aesthetic-Poetic Translation:
按照卡塞格兰德的解释，指四种翻译类型之
一。
According to Casagrande
，
one of four types of translation
。


10
经纪人
Agent< br>。塞杰用来指“处于译者与译品最终使用者中间位置”之人的术语。
A
rerm
used
by
Sager
to
the
person
who
is
“
in
an
intermediary
position
between
a
translator and an end user of a translation
。
”


11
国际会议口译联合会。
AIIC(AssoicationIternationale Iterpretes de Conference)
为包含会议口译员利益而成立于
1953
年
11
月的组织。
An
organization
founded
in
November 1953 to protect the interests of conferences interpreters

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12
类同形式。
Analogical form
。按照霍姆斯的解释，译 者在翻译诗体形式时可以采用的四种
途径之一。
According to Holmes
，

one of four approaches which a traslator may use
when translating verse form
。


13
分析。
Analysis
。
奈达与泰伯用来描述翻译过程三步骤之中第一步的术语。
A term used by
Nida&T
aber to describe the first of the three stages of the translation process
。


14
应用翻译学，应用翻译研究。
Applied translation studies
。霍姆斯提出的翻译研究领域，
与翻译研究中的理论研究及描写

翻译研究相对应（后两者构成纯翻译研究）
。
The area of
investigation within translation studies constrasted by Holmes with theoretical and
descriptive translation studies
（
the two of which together make up the field of pure
translation studies
）


15
古 词，
废词。
Archaism
。
用来指译本中使用古文
（或指一例具 体的此种用词）
的术语。
A term
which refers to the use of obsolescent language in a translation
（
or alternatively
，
a single instance of such language
）


16
元译素（简称

ATR
）
。
Architranseme< br>。范。路文兹瓦特创造的术语，用来表示在文学文本
与其译本之间进行详尽语言比

较时所用的理论概念。
A term coined by Leuven-Zwart to
designate a theoretical concept used in the close linguistic comparision of literary
texts and their translations
。



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17
关于范围的翻译理论。
Area-restricted theories of tran slation
。霍姆斯将此界定为关于语
言或文化的局部翻译理论。
Defined by Holmes as partial theories of translation which
are
restricted
with
regard
to
the
languages
and/or
culteurs
which
are
being
considered

18
自立幅度。
Autonomy spectrum
罗斯为翻译分类提供框架而引进的一个概念。
A concept introduced by Rose to provide
a framework for categorizing translation

19
自译。
Autotranslation or self translation
波波维奇将此界定为
“由作者本人将原作变成另一种语言的翻译。
”
Defined by Popovic as
“
the translation of an original work into another language by the author himself.
”

20
巴别塔。
Bable
，
tower of
。
《圣经》故事，讲述人类为什么注定要说多种语言。
A biblical
narrative explaining why man is destined to speak a multiplicity languages
。

21
回译（
Back- tanslation
）
。将已译成特定语言的文本译回源语的过程。
A process in which
a text which has been translated into a given language is retranslated into SL
。


22
双语料库
（
Bilingual Corpora
）
，
平行语料库
（
Parallel Corpora
）
。
按照贝克的解释，
指
“用
A
语写成的源语文本和用
B
语

翻译的译文”组成的一种语料库。
Accoeding to Baker
，
a
type of corpus
“
consists of original
，
source language-texts in language A and their

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页


translated versions in language B
。
”


23
双文本（
Bi-text
）哈里斯引进的术语，用来指既包括源文本又包括目标文本在内的一种概
念。
A term used by Harris to refer to a construct comprising both ST and TT
，
which
exists as a psychological reality for the translator
（
or the bilingual reader
）
。


24
无韵体翻译。
Blank verse translation
勒坲维尔所提译诗的七种策略之一。
Presented by
Lefevere as one of seven strategies for translating poetry
。


25
借用。
Borrowing
维纳与达尔贝勒纳描述的七种翻译程序之一。
One of seven translation
procedures described by Vnay&Darbelnet
。


26
仿造，又名借译。
Calque or loan translation
。该术语用来只把源语词项的单个成分（如
单词的各个词素）直译成目标语

对等成分的过程。
A term used to denote the process
whereby the individual elements of an SL item
（
eg morphemes in the case of a
single word
）
are translated literally to produce a TL equivalent
。


27
范畴转换。
Category shift
。卡特福德采用的术语，指两种主要类型的转换之一。
A term
used by Catford to denote one of two major typeset of shift
。


28
词类转换。
Class shi ft
。范畴转换的一种，指使用属于不同语法类别的目标语项来翻译源语
词项。
A type of category shift which involves translating an SL iterm by means of a
TL item belonging to a different grammatical class
。



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29
贴近翻译。
Close translation
。一些学者（如纽马克）所用的术 语，泛指强调在源语与目
标语的语言单位之间保持完全对

应，而不强调传递源文本总体意义或精神的翻译策略。
A
generic
term
used
by
some
writers
（
for
example
Newmark
1988
）
to
refer
to
translation
strategies
which
favour
exact
correspondence
between
Sland
Tl
linguistic units over an emphasis on conveying the overall meaning or spirit of SL
。

30
连贯。
Coherence
。
在一般用法中按照佛米尔的解释模式被界定为
“文本与情景保持一致”
。
Defined in general terms as
“
the agreement of a text with its situation
”


31
委托。
commission
弗米尔在译者行动框架内使用的术语，指译者在做出目 标文本时所遵
循的工作要求。委托可以指来自

客户或其他第三方的一系列明确的指令和要求。
A
term
used by Vemeer within the framework of translatorial to refer to the specifications
which the translator works with when producing a TT
。


32
传译负荷
communication
load
，又名信息负荷
information
load
。奈达在关于翻译过
程的模式中所采用的术语，奈达和

泰伯把此界定为“信息的难度。
”
A term used in Nida
‘
s model of the translation process
，
and defined by Nida&T
aber as
“
the degree
of difficulty of a message
。
”


33
传意翻译，交际翻译，又名传意途径，交际途径。
Communicative
translation
，
or
communicative approach
用来指任何一

种把翻译视作
“发生于社会情境之传意过程”
的
途径的术语。
A
term
used
to
refer
to
any
approach
which
views
translation
as
a

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“
communicative process which takes place within a social context
”


34
社群传译，又名对话传译或公共服务传译。
Community
interpreting
or
public
service
interpreting
。
由
使
用
环
境
区
分
的
一
种

传
译
。
A
form
of
interpreting
which
is
distinguished by the contexts in which it is employed


35
可比语料库。
Comparable
corporation
贝克采用的术语，指“同一语言里两组互为独立
的文本集合”

A term used by Baker to refer to
“
two separate collections of texts in
the same llanguage
。


36
补偿。
Compensation
。与希金斯将此界定为“通过使用与源文本不同的手段，在目标文
本中产生近似源文本的效果，以

补偿源文本重要特征在翻译中走失”的技巧。
A
term
in
general use for a number of decades
，
and defined by Hervey&Higgins as
“
the
technique
of
making
up
for
the
translation
loss
of
important
ST
features
by
approximating their effects in the TT through means other than those used in the
ST
”
。


37
能力。
Competence
。图里用来研究某些翻译实践特征的术语。
A termused by Toury for
investigating certain aspests of translation practice
。


38
会议传译。
Conference interpreting
。指用于国际会议以及其他高层次场所如讲座，电视
广播或峰会的那一类口译。
A
term
used
to
refer
to
the
type
of
interpreting
which
occurs
in
international conferences
as
well
as other
high-profile
settings
such as

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