条件英文专八必备 英美文学名词

2021年1月21日发(作者：formal)
1. Allegory
:


A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings
represent
abstract
ideas
or
moral
qualities.
An
allegory
is
a
story
with
two
meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.
2. Alliteration:


The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry.
11.
Antagonist:
A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative; a
rival of the hero or heroine.
12.
Antithesis:

(a
figure
of
speech)
The
balancing
of
two
contrasting
ideas,
words
phrases,
or
sentences.
An
antithesis
is
often
expressed
in
a
balanced
sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is
used to express contrasting ideas.
Aside:
In drama, lines spoken by a character in an undertone or directly to the
audience. An aside is meant to be heard by the other characters onstage.
Ballad:
A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung. In many countries,
the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature. Folk ballads have no
known authors. They were transmitted orally from generation to generation and
were
not
set
down
in
writing
until
centuries
after
they
were
first
sung.
The
subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people.
Devices
commonly
used
in
ballads
are
the
refrain,
incremental
repetition,
and
code
language.
A
later
form
of
ballad
is
the
literary
ballad,
which
imitates
the
style of the folk ballad.
Biography:

A detailed account of a person’s life written by another person.

Blank verse:
Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
Classicism:

A
movement
or
tendency
in
art,
literature,
or
music
that
reflects
the
principles
manifested
in
the
art
of
ancient
Greece
and
Rome.
Classicism
emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity,
balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes,
is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and
personal themes.
Climax:

The
point
of
greatest
intensity,
interest,
or
suspense
in
a
gogotory’s
turning point. The action leading to the climax and the simultaneous increase of
tension in the plot are known as the rising action. All action after the climax is
referred to as the falling action, or resolution. The term crisis is sometimes used
interchangeably with climax.
Comedy:
in general, a literary work that ends happily with a healthy, amicable
armistice between the protagonist and society.
Conceit:
A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly
different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the
framework
for
an
entire
poem.
An
especially
unusual
and
intellectual
kind
of
conceit is the metaphysical conceit.


Conflict:
A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story,
novel, play, or narrative poem. Usually the events of the story are all related to
the conflict, and the conflict is resolved in some way by the story’s end.

Couplet:

Two
consecutive
lines
of
poetry
that
rhyme.
A
heroic
couplet
is
an
iambic pentameter couplet.
Critical
Realism:

The
critical
realism
of
the
19th
century
flourished
in
the
fouties
and
in
the
beginning
of
fifties.
The
realists
first
and
foremost
set
themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint
and
delineated
the
crying
contradictions
of
bourgeois
reality.
But
they
did
not
find a way to eradicate social evils.
Dramatic
monologue:

A
kind
of
narrative
poem
in
which
one
character
speaks
to
one
or
more
listeners
whose
replies
are
not
given
in
the
poem.
The
occasion
is
usually
a
crucial
one
in
t
he
speaker’s
personality
as
well
as
the
incident that is the subject of the poem.
Elegy:
A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual. An elegy is
a
type
of
lyric
poem,
usually
formal
in
language
and
structure,
and
solemn
or
even melancholy in tone.

Enlightenment
: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other
European
countries,
there
sprang
into
life
a
public
movement
known
as
the
Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle
of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. The egogo inequality,
stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. The attempted to place
all
branches
of
science
at
the
service
of
mankind
by
connecting
them
with
the
actual deeds and requirements of the people.
Epic:

A
long
narrative
poem
telling
about
the
deeds
of
a
great
hero
and
reflecting
the
values
of
the
society
from
which
it
originated.
Many
epics
were
drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before
they were written down.
Essay:

A
piece
of
prose
writing,
usually
short,
that
deals
with
a
subject
in
a
limited way and expresses a particular point or view.