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cheek计算机专英句子翻译

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2021-01-21 04:35
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2021年1月21日发(作者:动稳定度)
句子翻译

Chapter1

using
various
coding
techniques,
groups
of
bits
can
be
made
to
represent
not
only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols



通过应用多种编码技术,
一组二进制数字不但可以表示二进制数据,
而且还
可以表 示其它的离散符号


software
includes
not
only
the
complex
programs
used
by
technicians
to
create
application
software
in
the
first
place
but
also
the
organizational
programs
needed to start up the computer and govern its use of other programs.




系统软件不仅包括技术人员用于创建 应用软件的复杂程序,
而且还包括用于
启动计算机和提供给其他程序使用的管理程序。

are numbers and other binary-code information that are operated on to achieve
required computational results.
数据是数字和其他的二进制代码信息,
通过 处理这些数据得到所需要的计算
结果。


than
arithmetically
or
logically
manipulating
characters,
a
computer
may
concatenate
strings
of
characters,
replace
some
characters
with
others,
or
otherwise
manipulate character strings. 计算机能将若干字符连成串,用一些字符代替其他字符或另行处理字符串,
而不是用算术方法或逻辑 方法处理字符。

re
applications
like
word
processing,
electronic
spreadsheets,
database
management
programs,
painting
and
drawing
programs,
desktop
publishing,
and
so
forth became commercially available, giving more people reasons to use a computer.
软件应用,像文字处理、电子表格、数据库管理程序、绘图程序及桌面印刷
等进入商业市场,使更多的人 去使用计算机。


Chapter2
asserting these internal and external control signals in the proper sequence, the
control
unit
causes
the
CPU
and
the
rest
of
the
computer
to
perform
the
operation
needed to correctly process instructions.



通过维护内部和外部控制信号的正确顺序,
控制单元促使
CPU
和计算机的其
他部件根据正确的处理指令完成操作。


a
computer
with
virtual
memory,
less-used
parts
of
programs
are
shifted
from
RAM to a hard disk and are moved back only when needed.



在使用了虚拟存储器的计算机 中,很少使用的程序被从
RAM
移到硬盘中,
仅当需要时才被移回来。

3.A technique used to compensate for the mismatch in operating speeds is to employ
an extremely fast, small cache between the CPU and main memory whose access time
is close to processor logic clock cycle time.


< br>用于弥补操作速度的不匹配的一项技术是在
CPU
和内存之间采用非常快的
小容 量高速缓冲存储器,它的存取时间接近于处理器的逻辑时钟周期。

data transfer rate of peripherals is usually slower than the transfer rate of the
CPU, and consequently, a synchronization mechanism may be needed.


外部设备的数据传输速率通常比
CPU
的数据 传输率更慢,相应的,需要一种
同步机制。


some
computers
the
interrupt
vector
is
an
address
that
points
to
a
location
in
memory where the beginning address of the I/O service routine is stored.



在一些计算机中,中断向量是一个地址,它指向存储器中存储
I/O
服务程序
其实地址的单元。


Chatper3

purpose of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability
and
increase
its
throughout,
that
is,
the
amount
of
processing
that
can
be
accomplished during a given interval of time.




< br>并行处理的目的是加快计算机的处理速度并增加其吞吐量,
所谓吞吐量是在
制定规定的时 间间隔内所完成的指令。

is characteristic of pipelines that several computations can be in process in distinct
segments at the same time.




流水线的特征就在于在同一时间里可以在不同的子过程中处理几个不同的
运算。


achieve
the
required
level
of
high
performance
it
is
necessary
to
ulilize
the
fastest and most reliable hardware and apply innovative procedures form vector and
parallel processing techniques.




为了获得所需要的高性能,
有必要采用最快和最可靠的硬件并应用向量处理
与并行处理等新 技术的革新过程。

4. In general,the greater the number of instructions in an instruction set,the larger the
propagation delay is within the CPU.




总的来说,指令集中的指令书越多,
CPU
中的传播延迟越大。

gh CISC processors are more complex, this complexity does not necessarily
increase development costs.
尽管
CISC
处理器更为复杂,但这并不一定导致开发成本的增加。


Chapter4

1.
In short, c
ommunication problems arise when the language used for an algorithm’s
representation is not precisely defined or when information is not given in adequate
detail.
简而言之,算法描述所采用的语言不具有精确的定 义或者信息不够详细也会
使交流产生问题。

r common algorithmic structure involves that the need to continue executing
a ststement or sequence of statements as long as some condition remains true.




另一种常见的算法结构是当条件为“真”时,循环执行一条语句或者语句序
列。

many algorithms,running time will vary not only for inputs of different sizes,but
also for different inputs of the same size.
在众多算法中,影响运行时间的不仅有不同长度的输入,也包括相同长度的
不同输入。

,
dynamic
programming
is
a
bottom-up
technique
that
usually
begins
by
solving the smallest subproblems,saving these results, and then reusing them to solve
larger and larger subproblems until the solution to the original problem is obtained.

因此,动态程序设计是一种从下而上的方法,这种方法通常先解决最小 的子
问题,
并保存其解,
再利用这些解对较大问题求解,
一步一步地进行直至 得到原
问题的解。


conversion
from
this
conceptual
one-dimensional
array
organization
to
the
actual arrangement within the machine

s memory is staighttforward, and the data can
be stored in a sequence of 24 memory cells with consecutive addresses in the same
order envisioned by the programmer.

从这种概念性的一维的

方式到机器内存中的实际安排的转换是非常直接的。
这些数据可以保存在由程序员想象的相同顺序的
24
个相邻的内存单元中。


Chapter5

ntation
is
needed
for
everyone
who
will
be
involved
with
the
program
-------users,operators,and programmers.
与程序设计相关的每一个人
-
用户、操作员和程序员都需要文档。

,
programs
written
in
a
high-level
language
or
assembly
language
are
converted to macheine language,which is then executed by the computer.
而是,用高级语言或者汇编语言编写的程序被转换成机器语言,然后由计算
机执行。

corresponding programs set forth precise procedures ,or series of instructions,
and the programmer has to follow a proper order of actions to solve a problem.
相应的程序建立了精确的过程,或者执行序列,并且程序员 必须按照正确的
执行序列来解决问题。

4.4GLs may not entirely replace third-generation languages because they are usually
focused on specific tasks and hence offer fewer options.
4Gls
可 能并不能完全替换掉第三代语言是因为她们通常集中解决专门的任务
并因此可供的选择很少。

5. Inheritance is the means by which objects of a class can access member variables
and functions contained in a previously defined class,without having to restate those
definitions.
继承是一种方法,通过它,类的对象可以访问以前精确定义过的类 中的成员
变量和函数,而不用重新声明那些定义。


Chapter6



majority
of
an
installation

s
utility
software
condidts
of
programs
for
performing activities that are fundamental to computer installations yet not included
in the operating system,
安装实用软件大都 包括用于执行动作的程序,这些动作对于计算机的安装非
常重要但是没有包括在操作系统之中。


shells
perform
this
task
by
means
of
a
graphical
user
interface
(GUI)
in
which
objects
to
be
manipulated,
such
as
files
and
programs,
are
represented
pictorially on the monitor screen as icons.
现代的外壳程序是通过图形用户界面(
GUI
)来完成这一工作的,在图形界
面中要操作的诸如文件和程序等对象是在计算机屏幕上以 图形化的图标方式表
示的。


basic
technique
for
a
time-sharing
system
is
to
have
multiple
users
simultaneously
using
the
system
through
terminals,
with
the
operating
system
interleaving
the
execution
of
each
user
program
in
a
short
burst
,
or
quantum,of
computation

分时系统的基本技术是 要有多个用户通过终端同时使用这一系统,
操作系统在
一个短暂的时间片内定时交替执行每一个 用户程序。

4.A real-time process or task is one that is execued in connection with some process
or function or set of events external to the computer system and that must meet one or
more deadlines to interact effectively and correctly with the external environment.


实时的进程 或任务是指那种运行时要与一些处理或函数或者计算机系统以外的
一系列事件相联系,
并且它必 须满足一个或多个时间界限来与外部环境有效地和
正确地交互的进程或任务。

ing a similar interface to Windows 9x, it is a multitasking , multiprocessing
operating
system
with
built-in
support
for
large
networks
of
computers---that
is
,
Windows NT is a multi-user system.
它提供了与
Windows 9x
类似的用户界面,
是一个多任务、
多进程的操作系统,
它在系统内提供了对大型计算 机网络的支持
-
这就是说,
Windows NT
是一个多用
户系统。


Chapter7

ation software is the software designed to help you solve problems specific to
business or perform specific business tasks.
应用软件是设计用来帮助你们解决专用于商业或执行专门商业任务的软件。

gh applications software packages
differ in
their use of specific
commands
and functions , most of them have some features in common.


虽然应用软件包在特定命令和功能的使用上不同,
绝大 多数应用软件有一些共
同的特征。


applications
software
programs
allow
you
to
copy
an
item
form
one
document and then paste it into anther document or application,or copy an item and
place the copy in anther part of the same document.

许多应用软件程序允许你从一个文件中复制一项然后粘贴到另一个文件 或应
用程序中,或者复制一项然后把它放置在同一文档的另一个位置。


user
can
do
all
these
manipulations
on
screen,
in

wysiwyg

fashion,before
printing out hardcopy.
用户在打印之前可以在屏幕上以所见即所得的方式完成这些操作。



s
worth
noting
that
word
processing
programs(and
indeed
most
forms
of

applications software)come from the manufacturer with default settings.
值得一提的是来自于生 产商的文字处理程序(实际上绝大多数的应用程序)
具有默认设置。


Chapter8

the files and application programs are created by different programmers over
a long period ,the various files are likely to have different formats and the programs

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