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mighty内科学名词解释英文

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2021-01-21 04:38
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2021年1月21日发(作者:在那)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
COPD is defined by its characteristically low airflow on
lung function tests. In contrast to asthma, this limitation is poorly reversible and usually gets
progressively worse over time.

Upper respiratory tract infections
are the illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the
upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx.

Pneumonia
Pneumonia
is
an
inflammatory
condition
of
the
alveoli,
pulmonary
interstitialand
final
airway.
It is typically caused by an infection but there are a number of other causes such as immune injury,
allergy, drugs and so on.

Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the trachea, bronchi
and their around tissues. It is defined clinically as a persistent cough with or not with sputum and
mucus, for at least three months per year in two consecutive years without any indication of other lung
and heart diseases.

Corpulmonale
is changes of the structure or function of the right ventricle of the heart as a response
to
increased
resistance
or
high
blood
pressure
in
the
lungs
which
is
caused
by
pulmonary
vascular
disease,
chest deformity and bronchus-lung diseases.

chronic pulmonary heart disease


which is caused by
后面加慢性病变)


Horner's syndrome
is the combination of drooping of the eyelid (ptosis) and constriction of the pupil
(miosis), sometimes accompanied by decreased sweating of the face on the same side; redness of the
conjunctiva
of
the
eye
is
often
also
present.
It
indicates
a
problem
with
the
sympathetic
nervous
system,
a part of the autonomic nervous system.

Respiratory
failure
,
in
medicine,
is
used
to
describe
inadequate
gas
exchange
and/or
pulmonary
ventilation
by the respiratory system, with the result that arterial oxygen and/or carbon dioxide levels cannot be
maintained within their normal ranges.

Heart failure
is generally defined as the inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood flow or
ventricular
filling
caused
by
various
diseases
in
cardiac
structure
and/or
function.
The
blood
flow
can

t
meet the needs of the body due to the disorder of the ventricular systole. It can caused congestion
in pulmonary circulation and/or systemic circulation. Sometimes the disorder of ventricular diastole
function can also congestion in pulmonary circulation.

Cardiac arrhythmia
是指心脏冲动的频率(
rate

、节律(
rhythm

、起源部位(
primary pacemaker

、传导速度

speed of the conduction
)或激动次序的异常。


Sick
sinus
syndrome
,
also
called
sinus
node
dysfunction,
is
a
group
of
abnormal
heart
rhythms
(arrhythmias)
presumably caused by a malfunction of the sinus node, the heart's primary pacemaker.
Bradycardia- tachycardia
syndrome

is
a
variant
of
sick
sinus
syndrome
in
which
slow
arrhythmias
and
fast
arrhythmias alternate.

Preexcitation syndromeWolff

Parkinson

White syndrome (WPW)
is a disorder of the heart in which the
ventricles of the heart contract prematurely due to an accessory pathway which ismainly the bundle of
Kent. This accessory pathway is an abnormal electrical communication from the atria to the ventricles.

Primary
hypertension
is
the
form
of
hypertension

that
by
definition,
has
no
identifiable
ic
pressure(140) and Diastolic pressure(90)

coronary heart disease
refers to the failure of coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to
cardiac
muscle
and
surrounding
tissue
resulting
in
necrosis
or
inadequate
oxygen
and
blood
of
the
cardiac
muscle. It is often caused by stenosis of the coronary artery resulted from coronary atherosclerosis
and/or coronary vasospasm.

Stable angina pectoris
this refers to the more common understanding of temporarychest discomfort and
associated
symptoms
precipitated
bysome
activity
(running,
walking,
etc.)
caused
by
myocardial
ischemia
and hypoxia due to based on the stenosis of the coronary.

Myocardial
infarction
It
isresults
from
the
continual
interruption
of
blood
supply
to
a
part
of
the
heart,
causing heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to stenosis or completely blockage of a coronary
artery.

Infective endocarditis
it is the infection of the endocardium, commonly its valves, caused by
microorganism with the excrescence. Infective endocarditis has been clinically divided into acute and
subacute.




Ca rdiomyopathy
伴有心肌功能障碍的心肌疾病,分为
扩张性心肌病

dilated cardiomyopathy,
单侧或双侧心腔

chamber of the heart
)扩大,心肌收缩期(
systole, systolic
)功能减退, 伴有或不伴有充血性心力衰竭)

肥厚型心肌病

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,
左心室或右心室肥厚为特征,常为不对称肥厚并累及室间隔

interventricular septum

,左心室血液充盈受阻、舒张期 (
diastole
)顺应性(
compliance
)下降)
、< br>限制型
心肌病
(restrictive
cardiomyopathy,< br>单侧或双侧心室充盈受限和舒张容量下降为特征,收缩功能和室壁厚度正常
或接近正常
)

致心律失常型心肌病
(arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)



Myocarditis
is inflammation of heart muscle

which can be caused by Infections and non infection.

Gastritis
is the inflammation of the mucosa cause by any reason commonly with damage and regeneration
of
the
epithelial
cell
in

can
be
divided
into
the
acute
type
and
the
chronic
type.
Gastropathy

(有损伤和再生而炎症缺如或很轻)


peptic ulcer
is a common chronic ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic.
The mucosal erosion equals to or greater thanmuscularis mucosa.
Cirrhosis
is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by
fibrosis, pseudolobuliand regenerative nodules,leading to loss of liver function even the portal
hypertension.
Hepatic
encephalopathy

is
the
occurrence
of
confusion,
altered
level
of
consciousness
and
coma
as
a
result
of severe liver disease. There is also a disorder of metabolism and central nervous system function in
it.

portosystemic encephalopathy
门体分流性脑病

强调
portal hypertension
,肝门静脉
hepatic portal vein

腔静脉
Vena
cava
之间有侧支循环
collateral
circulation< br>存在,
从而使大量门静脉血液饶过肝脏流向人体循环,
是脑病发生的主要机制。


Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
it refers to hemorrhage in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The

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