cafeteria法律英语专业词汇

2021年1月21日发(作者：wakeup)
法律英语专业词汇
.doc
Words and Expressions:
1.
decision

：
n. an authoritative determination (as a decree or judgment)
made after consideration of facts or law
裁决，判决

2.
precedent

：
n. a judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when
deciding a later similar case
先例

3.
ruling

：
n. an official or authoritative determination, decree, statement,
or interpretation (as by a judge on a question of law)
裁定、裁决

4.
overrule
：
vt. to rule against upon review by virtue of a higher authority
推
翻

5.
private law

：
a branch of law concerned with private persons, property,
and relationships
私法

6.
legislature
：
n. a body of persons having the authority to make laws for a
political unit (as a nation or state)
立法机关

7.
constitutional law
：
n. a body of statutory and case law that is based on,
concerns, or interprets a constitution
宪法性法律

8.
statute
：
n. a law enacted by the legislative branch of a government
制定
法，成文法

9.
assemble
：
vt. to bring or summon together into a group esp. in a
particular place for a particular purpose
编纂

10.
code
：
n. a systematic compilation or revision of law or legal principles
that is arranged esp. by subject
法典

11.
case law
：
n. law established by judicial decisions in cases as
distinguished from law created by legislation- called also decision law
判例法

12.
Supreme Court

：
n. the highest courts in the judicial branch of the U.S.
government that has original jurisdiction over controversies involving
ambassadors or other ministers or consuls but whose main activity is as the
court of last resort exercising appellate jurisdiction over cases involving
federal law
最高法院

13.
amend
：
vt. to alter esp. in the wording; esp: to alter formally by
modification, deletion, or addition
修改，修订

14.
amendment

修正案

15.
malfeasance
：
n. the commission (as by a public official) of a wrongful
or unlawful act involving or affecting the performance of one’s duties
渎职行为
（罪）

16.
impeach

：
vt. to charge with a crime or misconduct; specif: to charge (a
public official) before a competent tribunal (as the U.S. Senate) with
misconduct in office
弹劾

17.
doctrine of constitutional supremacy

宪法至上原则

18
.treason

：
n. the offence of attempting to overthrow the government of
one’s country or of assisting its enemies in war
叛国罪

19.
misdemeanor
：
n. a crime that carries a less severe punishment than a
felony; specif: a crime punishable by a fine and by a term of imprisonment
not to be served in a penitentiary and not to exceed one year
轻罪

20.
bill

：
n. a draft of a law presented to a legislature for enactment
议案，法
案

21.
constitutionality
：
n. the quality or state of being constitutional; esp:
conformity with the provisions of a constitution
合宪性

22
.delegate
：
vt. to empower a body (as an administrative agency) to
perform (a governmental function)
授权，委托

23 .
choice of law

：
n. an issue in conflicts of law as to what law (as among
laws of different states or multiple federal laws) should be applied in a case
法
律选择

24.
at issue
( also in issue): under discussion or in dispute
有争议的

25.
forum
：
n. court
法院

26
.trial court
：
n. the court before which issues of fact and law are tried and
first determined as distinguished from an appellate court
初审法院，审判法院

27.
appellate

：
adj. of or relating to appeals or the power to hear appeals
上
诉的

28.
appeal
：
n. a proceeding in which a case is brought before a higher court
for review of a lower court’s judgment for the purpose of convincing the
higher court that the lower court’s judgment was incorrect
上诉

29
.jurisdiction
：
n. the power, right, or authority to interpret, apply, and
declare the law (as by rendering a decision)
管辖权

30.
limited jurisdiction
：
n. jurisdiction that is restricted (as to a type of
case)
有限管辖权

31.
general jurisdiction
：
n. jurisdiction that is not limited (as to a particular
class of case)
普遍管辖权

32.
circuit court
：
n. a court that sits in more that one place in a judicial
district: as any of the federal courts of appeals
巡回法院

33.
hear
：
vt. to give a hearing to
听审，审理

34.
determination
n. a decision of a court or administrative agency regarding
an issue, case, or claim
判决，裁决

35
.litigant

：
n. an active party to litigation
诉讼当事人

36.
intermediate court
：
n. a court (as an appeals court) beneath the court
of last resort in a jurisdiction
中级上诉法院

37.
district court
：
n. a trial court having general or limited jurisdiction in a
judicial district as one of the federal trial courts sitting in a federal district
地
区法院

38
.diversity jurisdiction

：
the jurisdiction granted to federal courts over
civil disputes involving parties having diverse citizenship (as in being from
different states) where the matter in controversy exceeds a statutory amount
多州管辖权，多元管辖权

39
.discretion
：
n. the power of a judge to use his or her own judgment in
making decisions guided by what is fair and equitable and by principles of law
自由裁量权

40.
adversary

：
adj. of, relating to, or involving a system of justice in which
opposing parties usu. represented by counsel present evidence to an impartial
decision-maker (as a jury) by a process of questioning witnesses under the
supervision of a judge
对抗性的

41
controversy
：
n. a state of dispute or disagreement
争议，纠纷

42
.proceeding

：
n. a particular step or series of steps in the enforcement,
adjudication, or administration of rights, remedies, laws, or regulations
程序，
诉讼程序

43
.regulatory

：
adj.
管理的，规范性的