difficulty英语四六级翻译常用词汇历史文化经济社会教育及20142015翻译真题答案

2021年1月21日发(作者：择其善者而从之)

英语四六级段落翻译常用词汇

（
1
）中国历史与文化

京剧

Peking opera

秦腔

Qin opera


功夫
Kungfu


太极
Tai Chi

口

技
ventriloquism

旗袍

cheongsam
中山装

Chinese tunic suit
唐装

Tang suit

木偶戏
puppet show


皮影戏

shadowplay



折子戏

opera highlights

杂技

acrobatics

相声

witty dialogue comedy


刺绣

embroidery
苏绣

Suzhou embroidery

泥人

clay figure


书法

calligraphy


中国画

traditional Chinese painting

水墨画

Chinese brush painting


中国结

Chinese knot
中国古代四大发明

the four great inventions of ancient China

火药

gunpowder

印刷术
printing

造纸术

paper-making

指南针

the compass

青铜器

bronze ware
瓷器

porcelain; china


唐三彩
tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
景泰蓝
cloisonne


秋千
swing


武术

martial arts


儒家思想
Confucianism
儒家文化

Confucian culture


道教

Taoism


墨家
Mohism

法家

Legalism
佛教

Buddhism


孔子

Confucius


孟子

Mencius


老子

Lao Tzu
庄子

Chuang
Tzu


墨子

Mo
Tzu


孙子
Sun
Tzu


象形文字

pictographic
characters
文房四宝（笔墨纸观）
the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and inkstone)
历史文著：

《大学》
The Great Learning



《中庸》
The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》
The Analects of Confucius


《孟子》
The Mencius
《孙子兵法》
The Art of War









《三国演义》
Three Kingdoms
《西游爷》
Journey to the West







《红楼梦》
Dream of the Red Mansions
《水浒传》
Heroes of the Marshes




《山海经》
The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》
History as a Mirror





《春秋》
The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》
Historical Records









《诗经》
The Book of Songs
《易经》
The I Ching; The Book of Changes


《礼记》
The Book of Rites
《三字经》
Three- character Scriptures



八股文

eight-part essay
五言绝句

five- character quatrain
（
2
）中国经济

总需求

aggregate demand


总供给

aggregate supply

企业文化

corporate/entrepreneurial culture

企业形象

corporate image (Cl); enterprise image



跨国公司

cross- national corporation

创业精神

enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit


外资企业

foreign-funded enterprise
猎头公司
head-hunter


假日经济

holiday economy


人力资本
human capital

航空和航天工业
aerospace industry


飞机制造工业
aircraft industry

电子工业

electronic industry


汽车制造工业

car industry

娱乐业

entertainment industry


信息产业

information industry

知识密集型产业

knowledge-intensive industry


1 / 1

国有大中型企业

large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

轻工业

light industry


博彩业

lottery industry


制造业

manufacturing industry

垄断行业

monopoly industries


市场多元化

market diversification

市场经济

market economy


市场监管

market supervision

购买力

purchasing power


熊市

bear market


牛市

bull market

城镇化

urbanization

房地产

real estate


首付

down-payment

业主

home owner


个人购房贷款

individual housing loan

经济全球化

economic globalization


经济特区

special economic zones (SEZ)
经济增长

economic growth

泡沫经济

bubble economy
关税
tariff

纳税人
tax payer


宏观经济
macro economy



货币投放量

the size of money supply

流动性过剩
excess liquidity


经济过热

overheated economy

通货膨胀
inflation


抑制通货膨胀
curb inflation


注入流动性

to inject liquidity







贴现率

discount rate


存款准备金率

reserve requirement ratio (RRR)
公开市场业务

open market operation (OMO)
逆回购

reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo

引导降低市场借贷成本
to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level

稳健的货币政策
prudent monetary policy

微调货币政策

to fine-tune monetary policy
硬着陆

hard landing


软着陆

soft landing


二十国集团

Group of Twenty (G2O)
财政部长

Finance Minister
全年预期经济增长目标
the expected growth target for the whole year

经济活力

economic vitality
大规模经济刺激计划

a massive economic stimulus package

结构改革

structural reform


硬资产

hard assets


软资产

soft assets

有形资产

tangible assets


经济走廊

economic corridor

整顿市场秩序

to rectify the market order


反垄断

antitrust; anti-monopoly

定价浮动

price fluctuations

谋求利益最大化

to maximize profit

债务审计
audit of debt


地方性政府债务

local government debt/liability

公共财政体制改革

an overhaul of the public finance system
债务管理

debt management


信用支持

credit support


（
3
）中国社会


多元文化论

cultural pluralism


文化适应

acculturation

社会保障

social security


班车

shuttle bus



相定迁户

a relocated unit or household

大龄青年

single youth above the normal matrimonial age
独生子女

the only child in a family


单亲

single parent

福利彩票

welfare lotteries


家政服务

household management service

民工

migrant laborers


名人

celebrity



农村剩余劳动力

surplus rural labor/laborers

青春期

puberty


全民健身运动

nationwide fitness campaign

全国人口普查

nationwide census


社会保险

social insurance

暂住证

temporary residence permit/card


青少年犯罪

juvenile delinquency

1 / 1

性骚扰

sexual harassment


走私

smuggling



*
性另歧视

gender/sexual discrimination

年龄歧视

age discrimination


工作歧视

job discrimination

享乐主义
hedonism


文盲

illiteracy
贫富分化

disparity between the rich and the poor


盗版

pirated/illegal copies

一国两制

One Country, Two Systems


三个代表

the Three Represents Theory

两会（人大、政协）
Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)
南南合作

South-South Cooperation


南北对话

North-South Dialog
人大常委会

People
’
s Congress Standing Committee

法制观念

awareness of law
法制国家

a country with an adequate legal system
改革开放

reform and opening- up


公务员

civil servants
官僚主义作风

the bureaucratic style of work

和谐并存

harmonious coexistence


计划生育

family planning
计划生育基本国策

the basic state policy of family planning
青年文明建设

the construction of spiritual civilization

居委会

neighborhood committee
科教兴国

national rejuvenation through science and education

可持续发展

sustainable development


廉洁高效

honesty and high efficiency

两岸关系

cross-straits relations


两岸谈判

cross-straits negotiations

领土完整
territorial integrity


民族精神

national spirit

普选制

general election system
求同存异

seek common ground while shelving differences



人大代表
NPC member



物质文明和精神文明

material and spiritual civilization
小康社会

a well-off society

小康水平

a well-off standard
一个中国原则

the one-China principle


与时俱进

keep pace with the times
综合国力

overall national strength


共同愿望
common desire


“走出去”
（战略）
going global


不结盟

non-alignment
单边主义

unilateralism


多边政策

multilateralism
多极世界

multipolar world


人

口

老龄化
aging of population
人口出生率
birth rate


社区月服务

community service
道德法庭

court of ethics

盗用公款
embezzlement
（
4
）中国教育

成人夜校

night school for adults


在职进修班

on-job training courses
政治思想教育

political and ideological education
毕业生分酉己

graduate placement; assignment of graduate
充电

update one
’
s knowledge


初等教育

elementary education
大学城

college town


大学社区

college community
高等教育

higher education
高等教育“
211
工程”

the
“
211 Project
”

for higher education
高等学府

institution of higher education


综合性大学

comprehensive university
文科院校

colleges of (liberal) arts
理工科大学

college / university of science and engineering
1 / 1

师范学院

teachers
’

college; normal college



高分低能

high scores and low abilities
高考
(university/college) entrance examination



高校扩招

the college expansion plan
教育界

education circle


教育投入

input in education
九年义务教育

nine- year compulsory education
考研

take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools
课外活动

extracurricular activities


必修课

required/compulsory course

选修课

elective/optional
course


基础课

basic
courses


专业课

specialized
courses

课程表

school schedule

教学大纲

teaching program; syllabus

学习年限

period of schooling


学历

record of formal schooling


学分

credit


启发式教学

heuristic teaching

人才交流

talent exchange

人才战

competition for talented people


商务英语证书

Business English Certificate (BEC)

适龄儿重入学率

enrollment rate for children of school age
升学率

proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
跨文化交流

cross-cultura communication

春联

spring couplet
神话传说

mythology and legend

文化遗产

cultural heritage
（五）段落翻译真题

Part
Ⅳ

Translation (30 minutes)(
原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的
历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
剪纸
(paper cutting)
是中国最为 流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
中国剪纸有一千五百多年
的历史，
在明朝

和清朝时期
(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)
特别流行 。
人们常用剪纸美化居家
环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，

剪纸被用来装饰 门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸
最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世

界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠
外国友人的礼物。

Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a
history
of
more
than
1,500
years.
It
was
widespread
particularly
during
the
Ming
and
Qing
Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and
wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms
in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,
which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world
and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.
1
、狮舞（
Lion Dance
）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首 ，在中国传统中，
狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（
mascot
）
。古人 将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱
赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了
2,000< br>多年的历史。在唐代（
theTang Dynasty
）
，
狮舞就已 经被引入了皇室。
因此，
舞狮成为元宵节
（
the Lantern Festival
）
和其他节日的习俗，
人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

The
Lion
Dance
is
one
of
the
most
widespread
folk
dances
in

lion
is
the
king
of
animals. InChinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good t
1 / 1

people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, whichcould drive away evil and
protect
humans.
The
dance
has
a
recorded
history
ofmore
than
2,000
years.
During
the
Tang
Dynasty, the Lion Dance was alreadyintroduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore,
performing
the
liondance
at
the
Lantern
Festival
and
other
festive
occasions
became
a
custom
wherepeople could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.
2
、中国将进一步发展经济、扩 大开放，这对海外企业（
enterprises
）意味着更多的商机。改
革开放以来 ，
中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，
并取得了巨大成就。
海外企
业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，
而且也在合作中获得了收益。
中国政府将继续提供有利的政< br>策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

Chinawill
develop
its
economy
further
and
open
itself
wider
to
the
outside
world,which
offers
more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reformand opening up, Chi
nese
enterprises have been cooperating with overseasenterprises in terms of economy and technology,
and have scored greatachievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises
withtheir
growth,
but
also
benefited
from
the
cooperation.
Chinese
government
willcontinue
to
offer
favorable
policies
and
conditions
to
promote
the
furthercooperation
between
Chinese
and
overseas enterprises.
3
、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化 。根据统计数据，中国消
费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、
舒适和个人发展的 需求。
同时，
中国人
的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。
因此产品 结构应做相应调整，
来适应社会的
发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量 的要求。

The
phenomenon
of
holiday
economy
showsthat
Chinese
people’s
consumption
concept
is
undertaking great ing to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting
from
thebasic
necessities
of
life
to
leisure,
comfort
and
personal
ore,
the
structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt tosocial development. On the other
hand, services should be improved to satisfypeople’s demand for an improved quality of life.

4
、端午节，又叫龙 舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣
（
minister
）
,
他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（
vilify
）而 最终投河自尽。
人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来， 端
午节的特色在于吃粽子（
glutinous
dumplings
）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省
份。

The Duanwu Festival, also called the DragonBoat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet
Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was aloyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to
thestate but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being got to the spot
by
boat
and
cast
glutinous
dumplings
into
the
water,hoping
that
the
fishes
ate
the
dumplings
instead
of
Qu
Yuan’s
body.
Forthousands
of
years,
the
festival
has
been
marked
by
glutinous
dumplings anddragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are manyrivers
and lakes.
5
、
2013
年
6
月20
日在中国各地，
剧估计
60
万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（
astronaut
）
王亚平在距离地球
300
公里的上空所 讲授的科学课。
王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱
(theTiangon-1
laboratory
module)
执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系 列太空的物理
演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（
one-gravity
） 环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课
不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科 技的前进。

On
June
20,
2013,
an
estimated
600
thousandschool
children
and
their
teachers
across
China
watched a science lessontaught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is
1 / 1

aboard
theTiangong-1
laboratory
module
with
two
crewmates,
for
a
two-week
mission.
Her
lessonswere a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared
with
the
same
experiment
under
the
one-gravity
environment
onEarth.
The
lesson
has
not
only
offered
children
a
physics
lesson
with
knowledgeand
interest,
but
also
shows
the
advance
in
communication technology of China.
6
、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文 化遗迹不能与
北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。
今日之上海，
已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。
漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，
你会
发现许多精彩的历史亮点，
隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。< br>它们记述上
海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome ofmodern
Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architecturalstyles and cosmopolitan
feel
give
it
a
charm
of
its
own.
Today's
Shanghai
has
become
aworld-famous
international
metropolis. A walk through this booming city revealsmany glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden
amongst
the
skyscrapers
are
remains
of
theoriginal

keep
on
showing
how
Shanghai
has
beendeveloping
fast
and
enormously
since
its
opening
as
a
commercial
port
in
thelate 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.
7
、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运 ，始终以不
屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。
今天，
人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，
是勤劳智慧的亚
洲人民不屈不挠、
锲而不舍奋斗的结果。
亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展
模式，
也没有一成不变的发展道路，
亚洲人民勇 于变革创新，
不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适
应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会 发展打开了广阔前景。


In
modern
times,
Asiaexperienced
twists
and
turns
in
its
development.
To
change
their
destiny,
thepeople
of
Asia
have
been
forging
ahead
in
anindomitable
spirit
and
with
hard
struggle.
Asia'sdevelopment achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of theindustrious and
talented
Asian
people.
The
people
of
Asiaare
fully
aware
that
there
is
no
ready
model
or
unchanging path of developmentthat is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform
and d, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that arein
line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have openedup bright prospects for
economic and social development.

8
、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。 吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发
病率大大增加。
为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟 导致的疾病和死亡，
世界卫生组
织已将每年的
5
月
31
日定 为“世界无烟日”
。瘾君子们说，
一天饭不吃可以，
一个时辰不抽
烟就难捱了 ，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，
于人于己都是一种祸害，
就有
可能下 决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。


Smoking does great harm to human and itsgravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes
air,
damages
health,
andincreases
the
incidence
of
lung
cancer.
To
arouse
the
awareness
about
theprevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induceddiseases and deaths,
the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco
Day.
The
tobacco
addicts
say
that
smoking
isimpossible
to
quit
because
they
could
do
without
meals in a day but would feeltortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes
1 / 1

that smokingis harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse toothers as
well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptationof tobacco. To quit smoking
requires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be rewarded.


9
、越来越 多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，
也通晓中文的重要性。< br>中国的崛起，
让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他
们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。
这些人对中文的态度几乎没
有完全改变。曾 几何时，
他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，
他们已开始积极支持
孩子学习中 文和中国文化，
而且还不时走访中国，
欣赏壮观的自然风光，
认识丰富的文化遗
产。


An increasing number of English- educatedChinese parents overseas have come to the realization
that
while
Englishlearning
is
indispensable
to
their
children,
it
is
essential
that
their
kidshave
a
good command of Chinese. China’srise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their
kids can benefitfrom their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitivenessin the
job
market,
but
also
facilitate
their
exposure
to
and
familiarity
withthe
two
different
cultures
between the East and the West. They have hardlychanged their attitudes towards Chinese. At one
time they proudly declared thatthey knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support
to their kidslearning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China,where
they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its richcultural heritage.

10
、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，
东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。
西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、
性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，
对此我们不能视而
不见。
//
相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消 除西方
社会的许多恶疾。
//
在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球 村里，不再有
什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。
//
因此，我们
彼此之间无须冲突。
我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，
平等互 补的关系。
我们应该相互
理解，相互学习，和睦共处。


I share the same view with many East Asianscholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of
the
prevailing
,stubborn
Western
ills.
We
should
not
turn
a
blind
eye
to
the
fact
thatindividual
freedom
has
gone
overboard
in
the
West,
resulting
in
extremeindividualism,
sexual
promiscuity
and excessive use of violence.// By contrast,self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific
tradition of East Asiacan offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has
shrunkas a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and theWest any
more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore,we do not necessarily
have to come into clash with each other. Our relationshipis one of friendly cooperation, equality
and mutual complementarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and
live in harmony.//

11
、
国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，
各国追求各自的利益是正常的，
出现一些摩擦和纠纷
也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态 度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。
//
就中美贸易
而言，
互利共赢的经贸关系 给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。
今天，
美国在华投资设
立的企业已超过
4
万家，投资额达
450
亿美元。
//
美国
500
强企业有
400
多家进入中国，
1 / 1

大多数企 业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，
许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中
国在美国投资 设立的企业已超过
1000
家。
//
我们可以预见，
中美贸易摩 擦将随着经贸关系
的深化而凸显，
但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。
主要有 两个原因，其一：
中美
贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//

Equality
and
mutual
benefit
is
thefundamental
principle
of
international
trade.
Therefore,
it
is
normal thatcountries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictionsand
disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cooland wise manner.// As for
China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win tradeand economic ties have delivered tangible
economic benefits to the two , with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total
investment
in
Chinastands at
$$45 billion.//
Of
the
top
500 U.S
companies,
more
than
400
have
theirbusiness
in
China,
and
most
of
them
are
making
handsome
profit.
At
the
sametime,
many
Chinese
commodities
have
become
favored
choices
of
American
ile,
the
number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates hassurpassed 1,000.// We predict that
trade disputes between China and the United Stateswill become more acute along with the further
development
in
bilateral
trade
andeconomic
cooperation.
The
overall
development
in
bilateral
trade and economic cooperationis, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this
y,
the
Sino-U.S.
economic
and
trade
relations
enjoy
complementarities
in
vastfields.
Secondly, Chinahas an outstanding labor cost advantage.//

12
、
中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，
其前身是中央人民政府
新闻出版署国际新闻局。
//
我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，
全心致力于中国外语教育与研究 事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。
//
为
了加强对出版人才队伍的 建设，
为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，
我集团每年都要
选派一些青年员工到 国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，
//
根据我们的发展战略，我们
会将前进的步 伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。
//

The
China
International
Publishing
Group
isthe
largest
and
the
most
authoritative
foreign
language
publishing
anddistribution
establishment,
its
predecessor
being
the
International
PressBureau of the Central People's Government Press and Publication Administration.//Adhering
to
the
publishing
phi
losophy
of
“assisting
China's
march
to
the
worldand
facilitating
world's
understanding
of
China”,
the
Group
commits
itselfentirely
to
promoting
foreign
language
education
and
research
in
China
and
advancingcultural
exchanges
between
China
and
foreign
countries.// In order to build upa strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing
need
of
more
technicallydemanding
business,
the
Group
makes
it
a
rule
that
young
staff
be
selected
andsent
to
noted
universities
and
research
institutions,
both
domestic
and
overseas,for
further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our
national
boundaries
and
wedge
ourselves
into
the
worldcirculation
market,
aiming
at
the
international readership. Our initial effortshave been very rewarding.//

13
、改革开放
30
年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士 学习汉语的现象与
日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。
//
通过学习汉语，
他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解 中国的哲
学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。
//
作为第二文化，中国文化
1 / 1

也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，
这个潮流方兴未艾。
越来越多的学习汉语的美国人
除了对中国菜肴赞不绝 口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。
//
他们也看功夫电影，学习东
方时装潮流和手 工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。
目前在美国最热门的中国文化 是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。


As China is rising as a political andeconomic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and
opening
up,
moreand
more
people
in
overseas
countries
start
to
learn
Chinese
and
turn
to
aConfucius
Institute
in
their
own
countries
as
their
first
choice
learningChinese
language
and
Chinese culture.// During the learning process, thelearners concurrently develop their interest in
this
ancient
land,
whose
civilizationis
so
vastly
different
from
theirs.
And
the
learners
have
opportunities tolearn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and cateringculture and
experience first-hand the splendors of this venerablecivilization.// As the second culture, Chinese
culture has enriched the lifeand world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering
momentumand is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and moreAmerican
learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.//
They are also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as
dim
sum,
ginseng,gingko,
oolong
cha
have
crept
into
their
everyday
language.
The
latest
Chinesecultural
icons
to
make
its
impact
there
are
Taoism,
and
ancient
school
ofthought,
and
fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

14
、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为 “本帮菜”
，有着
400
多年的历史。同
中国其他菜系一样，
“本帮 菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。
//
上海菜的特点是注重调料
的使用，食物的质地 和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松
鼠鲑鱼”
。
//
“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。
“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松
鼠，外 皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。
//
在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松
鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。
//

Shanghai
cuisine
,
usually
called
Benbang
cuisine,
is
the
youngest
among
themajor
regional
cuisines
in
China,with
a
history
of
more
than
400
years.
Like
all
other
Chinese
regional
cuisines,Benbang
cuisines
takes
“color,
aroma
and
taste”
as
its
essential
qualityelements.//Shanghai
cuisine
emphasizes
in
particular
the
expert
use
ofseasonings,
the
selection of raw materials with quality texture, and originalflavors. Shanghaicuisine is famous for
a
special
snack
known
as
Nanxiang
Steamed
Meat
Dumplingsand
a
special
dish
called
“Squirrel
-
Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang SteamedMeat Dumplings are small in size, with thin
and
translucent
wrappers,
filledinside
with
ground
pork
and
rich
tasty
soup.
Squirrel-Shaped
Mandarin
Fish
isyellow-colored
and
squirrel-shaped,
with
a
crispy
skin
and
tender
meat,
allcovered
with
a
sweet
and
sour
source.//After
tasting
Squirrel-Shaped
MandarinFish,
we
are
always amazed by the squirrel shape and
think that it is moreappropriate to plus “appearance” as
the fourth element.

15
、美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间< br>的密切合作和无私奉献。
//
在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的 主旋
律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。
//
美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以
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