skinny英语(第三版)第一册课后翻译答案及原文

2021年1月21日发(作者：laboratory)
新视野大学英语（第三版）第一册课后翻译答案及原文

Unit 1
原文：

Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited wi
th laying the fundamentals (
基础
) of modern Western philosoph
y. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accoun
ts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his
most famous student es has become well known for
his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teach
ing, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering qu
estions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas r
emains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. H
e also made important and lasting contributions to the field
of epistemology (
认识论
) and logic, and the influence of his
ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western ph
ilosophy that es was the most colorful figure
in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread
in his own time, and his name soon became a household word a
lthough he constructed no philosophical system, established n
o school, and founded no sect (
宗派
).
翻译：

苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲 学的奠基人。
他是一个谜
一般的人物，
人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其 是他最著
名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。
苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。
他的 教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，
即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以
及阐述观点。
该方法 在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。
他还在认识论和逻辑
领域做出了重大而深远的贡献。
他的 思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后
来的西方哲学的坚实基础。
苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多 彩的人物。
他在他那个时代已威名远扬。
虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，
未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。

原文：

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、
教育家，
是儒家学派
（
Confu cianism
）
的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”（
sage
）。

他的言论和生平活动
记录在《论语》（
The Analects
）一书 中。《论语》是中国古代文化的
经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不< br>研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思
想，尤其是其教育思想，对 中国社会产生了深远的影响。在
21
世纪的
今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视， 而且也越来越受到整个国际
社会的重视。

翻译：

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history.
He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully refe
rred to as an ancient
ecorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chine
se culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thi
nkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. With
out studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the
thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Con
fucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had
a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century,
Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chin
ese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the intern
ational community.
Unit 2
原文：
Christmas is a widely observed cultural holiday, celebr
ated on December 25 by millions of people around the world. I
t commemorates (
纪念
) the birth of Jesus Christ. The festival
dated from as early as 336 AD. Gradually it evolved into a r
eligious as well as secular (
非宗教的
) celebration, celebrate
d by an increasing number of non-Christians. Today Christmas
is observed as an important festival and public holiday aroun
d the world. Christmas customs differ in different countries.
Popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange of
Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas singing, church attenda
nce, the display of various Christmas decorations and trees,
family gatherings, and a special meal preparation. To small c
hildren, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise. Legend
(
传说
) has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through
the chimney and bring gifts to well- behaved children on Chri
stmas Eve. Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the
Christmas festival heighten economic activity among both Chri
stians and non-Christians, the holiday has also become a sign
ificant event and a key sales period for businesses.
翻译：

圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，
全世界有许许多多的人在
1 2
月
2 5
日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追
溯到公元
3 3 6
年。
渐渐地，
这一节日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教
的节日，越来越多的 非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞节在全球被作
为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。
不同国 家的圣诞节风俗也各不相
同。
现代流行的圣诞节风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、
唱 圣诞歌曲、
参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备
一顿特别的大 餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传
说，
圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每 户人家，给乖巧听话的孩子带来
礼物。
由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基 督徒的
经济活动，圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。

原文：

每

年

农

历（
Chinese lunar calendar
）八

月

十

五

是我

国

的

传

统

节

日

——

中

秋

节（
the Mid- Autumn Festival
）。这
时是一年秋季的中期，
所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。
夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆的 时
刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。中秋
节的习俗很多，
都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。
自
2008
年起，
中秋节成为中国 的法定节假日

翻译：

According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every y
ear is a traditional Chinese festival
—
the Mid-Autumn Festi
val. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid- Au
tumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is
to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to c
elebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright mo
on and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for fam
ily reunion. People living far away from home will express th
eir feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this
festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, a
ll expressing people's love and hope for a happy life. Since
2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national
holiday in China.
Unit 3
原文：

he London Underground is a rapid transit (
交通运输系统
) syste
m in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater Lond
on. The underground system is also known as the Tube, due to
the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels. It all starte
d in the mid-1800s. The Tube was the world's first undergroun
d train system, with the first section opening in 1863. Since
then it has grown to an underground masterpiece (
杰作
) of 12
lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail track, 45% o
f which is underground. It is the fourth largest metro system
in the world in terms of route miles. It also has one of the
largest numbers of stations. As an affordable and easy way t
o get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for mi
llions of commuters each day, as well as tourists visiting th
e city on holidays. The Tube has been an international icon f
or London. The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of
operation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone
(
里程碑
).
翻译：

伦敦地铁是 英国的一个快速交通运输系统，
服务于大伦敦的大部分地区。
地铁系统因其地铁隧道的典型形状 也被称为地下管道。
伦敦地铁始建于
19
世纪中期，
是世界上最早的地下铁路系统。
它的第一段地铁于
1863 年开始运营。
自此，
伦敦地铁不断延伸，
发展成为一个包括
12
条线路、
275
个车站、
铁轨总长超过
250
英里的地铁杰作，< br>其中有
45
％在地下运
行。就路线长度而言，它是世界上第四大地铁系统，也是 车站数量最多
的地铁系统之一。
作为一个走遍伦敦的经济便捷的途径，伦敦地铁一向
是 每天数百万通勤者以及在节假日游历伦敦的游客的首选。
伦敦地铁已
成为伦敦的一个国际标志。
2013
年伦敦举办了各种各样的活动，庆祝
地铁运营
150
周年，纪念这一里程碑。

原文：

中国航天业开创于
1 956
年。几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一
个奇迹。
1970
年，< br>中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，
成为世界上第
五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫 星的国家。
1992
年，
中国开始实施
载人航天飞行工程
（
manned spaceflight program
）
。
2003
年，
中国成
功发射了

神舟五号

载人飞船，
使中国成为第 三个发射载人飞船的国家。
2007
年发射了

嫦娥一号

，< br>即第一颗绕月球飞行
（
lunar-orbiting
）
的
人 造卫星。
2013
年，
第五艘载人飞船

神舟十号

发 射成功，
为中国空间
站的建设打下了基础。

翻译：

China's space industry was launched in 1956. Over the past de
cades, China's space industry has created one miracle after a
nother. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satel
lite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to indepen
dently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. In 1992
China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. In 2
003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The succes
sful launchmade China the third country to launch manned spac
eships. In 2007 Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made
satellite, was sent to space. In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth
manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the found
ation for building the Chinese Space Station.
Unit 4
原文：
As one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia thr
ough China, Marco Polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign
merchant and voyager to the Chinese people. He traveled exte
nsively (
广泛地
) with his family, journeying from Europe to A
sia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for 17 of those y
ears. His book The Travels of Marco Polo depicts his journeys
throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive
look into the Far East, including China, India, and Japan. Fr
om his written accounts the Westerners learned of porcelain,
coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the firs
t time. The wealth of new geographic information recorded by
Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries
during the age of the European voyages of discovery and conqu
est (
征服
). In the centuries since his death, Marco Polo has
received the recognition that failed to come his way during h
is lifetime. Marco Polo's story has inspired countless other
adventurers to set off and see the world.
翻译：

作为通过中国游历亚洲的首批欧洲人之一，马可?波罗可能是中
国人 最熟知的外国商人和航海家。从
1271
年到
1295
年，他和他的家
人游历广泛，遍及欧洲和亚洲。期间，他在中国留居了
17
年。他的著
作《马可?波罗游记》描述了他游历亚洲的旅程，让欧洲人首次全面领
略了包括中国 、
印度和日本在内的远东地区的情况。
从他的文字叙述中，
西方人第一次了解到瓷器、 煤炭、火药、印刷术、纸币以及丝绸。在
1
5
世纪末和
16
世纪 欧洲发现与征服的大航海时代，
马可?波罗所记录的
大量新的地理信息得到了广泛使用。在他去 世后的这几个世纪里，
马可
?波罗获得了他在有生之年未曾获得的赞誉。
马可?波罗的 故事鼓舞了其
他无数的探险者去踏上征程，发现世界。

原文：

郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家（
maritime explorer
）。公
元
1405
年，明朝的统治者为了稳固边防（
border defense
）和开展海
上贸易，派郑和下西洋（
the Western Seas
）。在此后的
28
年里，郑
和带领船队七下西洋，前后出海的人员有
10
多万人，访问了
30
多个
国家和地区。船队纵横南亚、西亚，一直到非洲大 陆。郑和下西洋是世
界航海（
navigation
）史上的壮举，它展现了郑和卓越 的航海和组织才
能，
同时展现了明朝的国力和国威
（
national strength and prestige
）
，
加强了明朝和海外各国之间的关系。

翻译：
Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chine
se history. In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zh
eng He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen
border defense and develop trade by sea. In the following 28
years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Wes
tern Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visite
d more than 30 countries and regions. The fleet traveled far
into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the co
ntinent of Africa. Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas wer
e a great feat in the world's navigation history. It showed Z
heng He's outstanding navigation and organization talents; me