1123孔子的思想及其他的弟子介绍-英文版

2021年1月21日发(作者：承重墙)
Confucius
’
Ideas and His Disciples




Confucius
ranks
the
foremost
among
China’s
ancient

full
name
is
Kong
ius
was
born
during
during
what
is
known
as
the
Spring
and
Autumn Period (722-480BC )in Chinese history. His native States was Lu,located in
what
is
now
Shangdong
Province
in
Easter

teaching
had
a
profound
influence
on
the
Chinese

is
said
to
have
initiated
private
tutoring
which
constituted a forward step in Chinese existed only offical schools, the
sole preserves of the children of the was the first in China to establish
“Private
schools”and
have
taught
3,000
students
,among
whom
72
were
ianism had been regarded as an ethic- political system in ancient China.



However, Confucius had a unique father Shuliang Ge was a warrior
of rather low tion back,one of his forefathers, a distinguished aristocrat
by the name of Kong Fujia ,had moved to the state of Lu from the neighboring state of
Song t
o escape persecution after a palace coup there. His mother was his father’s third
y
in
his
60S,Shuliang
Ge
had
married
her,a
young
woman
from
the
Capital,Qufu,
in
the
hope
that
she
would
bear
him
a
healthy

accomplished
that ,only to see her husband die when Confucius was only then moved back
home with her son and despite a difficult life,devoted her entire energy to bring up the
child
with

low
social
status
didn’t
prevent
him
from
mastering
the
language skills,history and other branches of knowledge.A self-taught
man, he took
up
various
lowly
jobs
and
avidly
studied
all
the
historical
documents
he
could
lay
hands

thus
became
a
widely- recognized

this
capacity,he
began
to
teach
while
looking
for
official
postscript
by
offering
advice
to
the
rulers
and
high
officials of e several failures,he did once become a senior official himself.



From then on, Confucius tried to find his Analects,probably complied
by
his
disciples’
and
disci
ples
who
put
their
heads
together
to
recollect
what
the
Master
had
said
and
done,was
originally
in
the
form
of
wooden
or
bamboo
were destroyed by order of Qin Shi ius’ overriding concern
was
the
formation
of
a
good

make
this
possible,
he
envisaged
a
virtuous
and
wise
ruler
who
cared
for
his
ministers
and

the
bottom
level,Confucius
devised
the
formation
of
a
harmonious
family
which
he
considered
the
nucleus
of
the

was
a
whole
set
of
rules
guiding
the
hierarchical
relationship
between
father
and
sons,between
husband
and
wife,between
elder
and
younger brothers and between ,mutual concern and the sense of right and
wrong
were
considered
much
more
important
and
effective
in
weaving
the
social
fabric than he implementation of strict rules and regulations.






Since a good number of the passages in The Analects are in the form of dialogue
between Confucius and his disciples, it is important to familiarize our readers with the
names and character of some of the ius had 3,000 disciples,of whom
72 were the most disciples’name also include much traditional culture
of China,a person’s surname and given name,he had a style name ,which his friends
often
used
when
talking
or
referring
to
him,and
several
assumed

example,Zilu,one of Confucius’ leading disciples,is known in The Analects as Zhong
You(
仲由
) ,which is his real name,You,Zilu(
子路
)and Jilu
（
季路）
,”Ji”denoting that he
was the fourth son in the family .His disciples played important role in
Master picked his words and explanations according to the level of understanding of
his

gave
different
answers
to
different
disciples
when
asked
the
same
question of what the term”humaness”meant.