紫色英文5000-阅读翻译-高难度

2021年1月21日发(作者：回车)
II. Cloze (10 points)
Not all decisions are alike. 21 is every decision made in the same manner. Although some
actions
you
undertake
22
their
basis
from
newly
made
decisions,
there
are
other
instances
23
decision-making does not really take place. The latter, according to Deacon and Firebaugh, may
involve
routine,
programmed,
impulsive
or
intuitive
action.
When
you
wake
up
in
the
morning
and prepare to attend class, do you consciously make decisions about 24 things as which side of
your hair to comb first, how to brush your teeth, or which shoe to 25 first? Probably 26 Although
you
may
have
made
a
conscious
decision
about
what
you
were
going
to
wear
to
class,
you
probably
27
any
time
in
making
a
decision
about
how
to
get
ready
to
attend
class.
Every
individual has certain habits or routine behaviors. Although they originated from decisions made
28 in your life, you no longer consciously make these decisions each time you undertake this type
of action. Routine plans or actions serve a useful purpose in your daily life and management. How
long would it take you to get up, get ready, and walk to class if you had to make separate decisions
for each action you take? You use routine plans or actions as resource to make 29 decisions.
In addition to
the habitual behaviors or routines
you
follow,
you also have certain specific
actions
you
undertake
in
30
situations.
These
are
called
programmed
decisions.
Programmed
decisions are different from routines. Routine plans or actions are patterns of behavioral actions
repeatedly undertaken on a consistent and regular basis. Programmed decisions, 31 , utilize your
past experience in a similar situation. For instance, you know you are going to have a test. Your
method
of
studying
for
this
test
will
be
done
32
your
knowledge
of
a
similar
experience.
The
degree of success 33 achieved will be a determinant in how, when, where, and the length of time
you study for this test.
Programmed
decisions,
like
routines,
are
a(n)
34
in
your
management.
When
the
action
undertaken
proves
to
be
successful
you
repeat
the
same
action
the
next
time
a
similar
situation
occurs.
The
successful
achievement,
35
the
satisfaction
you
received,
determines
when
and
the
extent to which you modify the original decision 36 employing it again in 37 situations.
Both routine and 38 decisions serve useful purposes. They act as resources by 39 the need to
make new decisions. They also evaluate managerial actions. The success you achieve enables you
to bypass or 40 the use of the decision-making process.
II. Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Section A (30 points)
Passage 1
The
term
“
folk
custom
is
very
broad,
but
it
has
been used
by
folklorists
to
refer
to
those
shared patterns of behaviors in a particular folk group. Those patterns of behaviors are regarded as
the
traditional
and
established
ways
of
members
of
the
particular
folk
group.
Folk
custom
is
transmitted
by
word
of
mouth,
demonstration
or
imitation.
The
folklore
and
folk
customs
of
England
are
rich
and
varied.
Many
customs
are
ancient,
and
passed
down
generation
after
generation from our Germanic and Celtic ancestors. Others are more modern creations.
One of the greatest problems in assessing most accounts of folk customs is that they tend to
give only the antiquary's point of view. After all, to most observers, the people they were looking
at were simple and illiterate, unmindful of the true significance of the customs they had preserved.
Why question them at length if they didn't understand the essential nature of what they were doing?
So a folklorist is likely to emphasize aspects of a tradition which reflect his or her own interests or
which fit in with preconceived ideas, while possibly ignoring or giving only passing mention to
aspects which may, in fact, be of equal importance.
One
aspect
which
generally
gets
left
out
of
accounts
is
the
viewpoint
of
the
participants
themselves: for instance, why they indulge in a particular activity at a particular time of year or of
their
lives
and
what
feelings
they
experience
while
doing
so.
And
now,
ideas
deriving
from
folklore studies are so widespread that they may easily have become an integral part of the attitude
of the participants in a custom. So the folklorist is rather like a man staring at a scene in a mirror
who must be aware, to fully understand that scene, that his own reflection is a major part of what
he is looking at.
It is, however, also true to say that many contemporary students of folklore are fully aware of
the
problems
which
beset
their
enquiries.
Like
true
scientists
they
draw
their
conclusions
by
looking at available evidence, rather than selecting evidence which fits in with existing theories.
Some have also looked away from the
where
it
thrives,
in
the
social
life
of
modern
cities,
in
industry
and
sport,
etc.
They
may,
for
example, end up looking at the lore of the motor car, or of popular music, and at customs which,
though
they
have
no
hints
of
paganism,
nevertheless
have
much
in
common
with
the
older
activities which do.
Many
folklorists
have
gradually
come
to
the
conclusion
that
folklore
is
not
necessarily
a
thing of the past, a relic of ancient and outmoded ways of thinking, but the means by which people
try to make sense of the world (or to confront its lack of sense) and try to alleviate boredom and
suffering.
Passage 2
Recently,
Japanese
imports
of
manufactured
goods
from
China
have
surged
and
the
reputation of Chinese products has improved substantially, giving rise to concern that China will
soon
replace
Japan
as
the

of
the
world
An
objective
evaluation
of
China's
industrial
strength,
however,
suggests
that
there
is
still
a
long
way
to
go
before
it
will
become
a
truly
advanced industrial country on par with Japan.
First of all, the high proportion of labor-intensive products in China's exports means that its
trade structure is typical of a newly industrializing economy (NIE). This is different from that of
developed countries, where the major export items, such as machinery, are technology- intensive.
Although China is increasing its share of the
global market for manufactured goods, including some information-technology (IT) products
that are classified as high-tech, Chinese exports are still highly concentrated in lower-end products.
In the case of televisions, for instance, Japan specializes in high-definition and other higher-end
models, while China produces standard models whose unit values are much lower.
Reflecting
China's
emphasis
on
processing
trade,
goods

in
China
contain
large
numbers of overseas components, some of which are made in Japan. According to official Chinese
statistics,
increasing
exports
by
US$$1
million
requires
importing
intermediate
goods
and
components worth $$500,000, which do not form part of China's gross domestic product (GDP).
Moreover,
the
proportion
of
this
imported
content
is
higher
for
high-tech
than
for
low-tech
products.
A
computer
labeled

in
China
is
likely
to
contain
a
large
portion
of
imported
contents including an Intel central processing unit (CPU), Microsoft Windows operating system,
and a liquid crystal display made in Japan or South Korea.
In
addition,
approximately
half
of
China's
exports
are
produced
by
subsidiaries
of
foreign
companies,
to
which
dividends,
interest
charges,
royalties
and
other
fees
must
be
paid.
Even