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successor高中英语45个介词的基本用法

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2021-01-21 05:36
tags:

抗菌-successor

2021年1月21日发(作者:勒)
——
45
个基本介词的用法

1

about

【原始含义】

a-b-out

A

B
外面


【引申含义】

[prep]








































1

在…到处,在…各处


here and there



eg: We wandered about the town for an hour or so.








He looked about the room.

2

在…附近

next to a place






eg. She lives about the office.


3

关于

in connection with
eg: a book about English study
I don

t know what you are talking about.


[adv]


1

大约

close to






eg:
We left there about 10 o’clock.









It costs about 500 dollars.


2

到处,各处






eg: The children were rushing about in the garden.

3

在附近






eg : There is no food about.


【常见搭配】


作介词时的搭配
:


.
动词
+(about+
名词
)

1

arrange
(
about

sth)








安排关于某事



2

argue
(
about
sth)










讨论某事



3

ask
(
about
sth)













询问关于某事


4

boast
(
about
sb/sth)








吹嘘
...

5

care
(
about
sb/sth)










关心…
,
对…感兴趣







6

chat

(
about
sth)












谈论某事


7

complain

(
about

sb/sth)




抱怨…


8

dream
(
about
sb/sth)







梦见某人
/
某物


9

go
(
about
sth)














着手做
...
;从事
...

10

hear
(
about
sth)











听说
...


11

know

(
about
sth)










了解
...


12

learn
(
about
sth)











得知某事


13

put
(
about

sth)














散布(谣言等)


14

quarrel
(
about

sth)










...
争吵


15

see
(
about
sth)













负责处理
...


16

talk

(
about
sth)












谈论
...


17

think
(
about
sth)











考虑
..


18

warn
sb (
about
sth)








告诫某人关于某事



19

wonder

(
about
sb/sth)







..
好奇


20

worry

(
about
sb/sth)








...
担心



、名词
+(about+
名词
)


1

concern
(
about
sb/sth)






对…的关心
/
关怀


2

curiosity
(
about
sb/sth)






对…的好奇


3

doubt
(
about
sb/sth)







对…的怀疑


4

ethusiasm
(
about
sth)








对…的热情


5

information
(
about
sb/sth)



关于…的信息


6

remark
(
about
sth)











对…的评论


7

opinion
(
about
sth)










对…的意见


8

view
(
about
sb/sth)












...
的观点


三、
be+adj+(about+
名词
)

1

be angry
(
about
sth)







为…而生气


2

be anxious

(
about

sth)





为…忧虑



3

be careful

(
about
sth)






当心…


4

be cautious
(
about
sth)

谨防
...
;对
...
持谨慎态度


5

be certain
(
about

sth)







确信关于某事


6

be curious
(
about
sth)








对…感到好奇


7

be disappointed
(
about
sth)

对…感到失望


8

be excited
(
about
sth)




对…感到兴奋


9

be glad/happy
(
about
sth)


对…感到高兴



10

be hopeful
(
about
sth)



对…抱有希望


11

be crazy/mad/wild
(
about
sth)










对…痴狂;酷爱某事


12

be nervous
(
about
sth)







为…感到不安
/

...
感到紧张


13

be optimistic/positive
(
about
sth)













...
是积极乐观的


14

be particular
(
about
sb/sth)


...
讲究,挑剔


15

be sad
(
about

sth)





为…而难过


16

be serious
(
about
sth)



对…认真


17

be sorry
(
about
sth)










...
抱歉









作副词时的搭配
:



名词
+
动词
+about


1

sth
come about







某事发生


2

sth
get

about









某事(尤指消息等)传开


3

sb
turn about









某人转身


4

sb
wander

about






某人徘徊,游荡


5

sb
walk about




某人走来走去

2

above

【原始含义】

a-b- over


A

B
上方



【引申含义】
prep.



1

在…上方

at or to a higher place than sth/sb

eg: The sun rose above the horizon.

2

数目大于…
/
重量超过 …
/
价格(能力、地位)高于…


more than sth.; greater in number, level or age than
sb./sth.





eg: There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.

3


重要性或质量超过、胜过


of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth



eg. I rate her above most other players of her age.


4

声音超过…


louder or clearer than another sound






eg: I couldn

t hear her above the noise of the traffic.


5

不至于,不屑于做某事







too good or too honest to do sth



eg. She is above suspicion.


【常见搭配】


一、动词
+(above+
名词
)

1

live
(
above
one

s income)

入不敷出地生活


2

put

A

(
above
B)













A
看得比
B
更重要


3

rise
(
above

sth)












克服
...,
不受
....
的影响


4

talk
(
above
one

s head)



高深莫测地谈论


二、
be+(above+
名词
)


1

be
(
above

oneself
)



兴高采烈
=
be in one’s high spirit


2

be
(
above one’s head
)
难以理解
/
超出某人理解能力


3

across

【原始含义】

a-grass

“一片草坪”,
across
指在平面上经过,就 像人走过一
片草坪那样。

【引申含义】
prep.



1

穿过
from one side to the other side
eg: She walked across the road.

2


...
对面

on the other side of sth.

eg: The bar is just across the street.

3

交叉

cross
eg: He sat with his arms across his chest.

4


...
各处,遍及
...
everywhere



eg. The opinion is common across the university.


【常见搭配】

动词
+(across+
名词
)

1

A
come

(
across
B) A
偶遇
B

2

A
cut

(
across
B)

A

B
捷径;
A
打断
B

3

A
go

(
across
B)



A
穿过
B

4

A

put

(
across
B)
A
解释清楚
B

A

B
送到对岸


5

A
run

(
across
B)


A
横穿
B

A
偶然碰到
B




4

after
【原始含义】


A

B
之后(强调顺序)”


【引申含义】

[prep]

1

在…之后

(时间顺序、空间顺序)






later than sth; following sth in time





eg: After dinner, they went out for a walk.

1

在…后面,仅次于(按重要性)
next to the following






eg. Your name comes after mine in the list.


2

与…对照、对比

in contrast to sth






eg. It was cool after the heat outside.


3

照着…的样子

following the example of sb/sth





eg: Read the sentence after me, please.
[adv]


后来、以后

later in time, afterwords
eg:Soon after, she came back to her hometown.


【常见搭配】

作介词时的搭配

一、

名词
+
动词
+(after+
名词
)

1

A
chase
(
after
B)


A
追赶
/
追求
B

2

A
go
(
after
B)





A
追逐
B.

3

A
look
(
after
B)



A
照顾
B.

4

A
model
(
after
B)


A

B
为榜样、原型;
A
效仿
B

5

A
name
(
after
B)


A

B
作名字
.

6

A
run
(
after
B)





A
追求
/
追赶
/
追逐
B.

7

A
search
(
after
B)

A
研究
B.

8

A
see
(
after
B)


A
照顾
B

9

A
seek
(
after
B)

A
寻找
B.

10

A
take
(
after
B)

A

B
相像
.

二、(
after+
名词)


1

(
after a while
)






过了一会,不久


2

(
after all
)




















竟;终究


3

(
after

one’s own heart
)



正合
...
的心意;

5

against
【原始含义】

a-g-a

相对


【引申含义】


[prep]

1

碰着、靠着

touching, close to or hitting sb/sth

eg: She was leaning against a tree.

2

反对

opposing or disagreeing with sb./sth

eg: We should fight against crimes.

3

预防

in order to prevent sth from happening

eg: Save money against a rainy day.
未雨绸缪


4

违反(违反法律、制度)




eg: It is against the law to hunt tigers.

5

不利于

not to the advantage or favor of sb./sth
eg: What he said is against him.

6

映衬

with sth in the background as a contrast






Eg. The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky.


7

和…相比

in contrast to sth






eg. You must weigh the benefits against the cost.

【常见搭配】

一、动词
+(against+
名词
)


The prince and princess lived happily ever after.


1


act
(
against

sth)






违反
...

2


argue
(
against
sth)








...
而争辩
/
据理反对


3


compete
(
against
sb)





与某人比赛
/
竞争
/
对抗


4


decide
(
against
sth/doing sth)











考虑后不做某事
/
声明反对某事


5


declare
(
against
sb/sth)



表态反对
...



6


fight
(
against
sth)




反对…;与
...
做斗争


7


go
(
against
sth)










违反…


8


inform
(
against
sb)







告发、检举某人


9


lean
(
against
sth)





靠着某物
/
斜靠某物


10

offend
(
against
sth)



违犯…


11

press
(
against
sth)





压在…上


12

protect
(
against
sth)



保护免受…的伤害


13

prepare
(
against
sth)



防备…


14

strike
(
against
sth)








罢工抗议
...

15

struggle
(
against
sb/sth)



...
搏斗
/
反抗


16

turn
(
against
sth)





背叛…



17

vote
(
against
sth)





投票反对…


18

warn
sb (
against
sth)

提醒某人提防某事


二、
be+adj+(against+
名词
)

1

be

prejudiced
(
against
sb/sth)





...
持有偏见


2

be proof
(
against
sth)












可防止…的


3

be set
(
against
sth)















坚决反对
...
6

around
【原始含义】

a+round

A
在一个圆里面(在一定范围内)



【引申含义】

[prep]

1

在…周围
,
围绕

surrounding sb/sth

eg: There are many bars around the town.

2

在附近,到处

in or to many places

eg: I showed him around our campus.
[adv]


1

大约
approximately






eg: There are around 1000 people watching the game.

2

在周围






eg : How can you make the wheel go around?


3

在附近、到处






eg: I ran around to find him.


【常见搭配】

作介词时

一、动词
+(around+
名词
)

1

center
(
around
sth)






...
为中心
,
集中于
...

2

look
(
around
sth)







环顾
...
;游览
...



3

wrap
(
around
sth)







缠绕住...;环绕
...




around +
名词


1

(
around
the corner)




...
靠近、临近、快来了;


2

(
around
the clock)







日夜不停地;夜以继日地


作副词时

名词
+
动词
+around

1

sb
gaze

around











某人向四周看,环视


2

sth

get

around











某事(尤指消息、谣言等)走动、流传


3

sb/sth

turn

around











某人或某物转身


7

at
【原始含义】

“在场所,时间上的一点”

【引申含义】
prep.


1

小地点
,
或小时间点







used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happens



eg: Usually, he is (at his office) (in the morning).





She went to school (at 8 o

clock) (in the morning).



2

在几岁时


the age (at which sb does sth)







eg: She was married (at 23).


3

向,朝某人或某物


in the direction towards sb/sth







eg: Don’
t point at me.

knock at the door, shoot at the tiger, aim at the enemy


4

从相隔…远的地方


the distance away from sth






eg: Can you read that poster (at fifty miles)?








You

d better keep him (at a distance).


5


处于某种状态


the situation sb/sth is in


eg: Mr. Smith is (at lunch).









The country is (at war).









Bill was
(at his best)
in college.

(at one

s best:
某人的辉煌时期
)

6


在某方面

in terms of


eg: I am not good (at football).


7


表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因







to show the cause of sth



eg: He showed no sign of pleasure (at seeing her).





I was delighted (at the result)+.

【常见搭配】

一、动词
+(at+
名词
)



1

aim

(
at

sth)













以…为目标;瞄准…;针对…;


2

arrive

(
at
sth)









到达某地或某种程度


3

blush
(
at
sth)










...
感到脸红;


4

come
(
at
sb/sth)






攻击某人;发现某事


5

fire
(
at
sth)












...
开火


6

gaze
(
at
sb/sth)







凝视
,
注视
...

7

get
(
at
sth )




到达
,
接近
...
;着手
...
;暗指
...
;意知
...;

8

glance
(
at
sb/sth)





一瞥,扫视
...

9

glare
(
at
sb/sth)








...
怒目而视


10

grab/grasp
(
at
sb/sth)
抓住
...


11

knock

(
at
sth)








敲…



12

laugh
(
at
sb)









嘲笑某人


13

look

(
at
sb
/
sth)






看…


14

point
(
at
sb/sth)





指向
/
瞄准

/
针对…


15

run
(
at
sb/sth)







向某人冲去;

达到某种水平


16

shoot

(
at

sth)








朝…射击


17

shout
(
at
sb)








朝某人喊叫


18

smile
(
at
sb)









向某人微笑


19

target
(
at
sb/sth)




瞄准…,以…为目标


20

wonder
(
at
sth)






对…好奇
/
对…感到吃惊


21

yell
(
at
sb)











对某人大喊大叫

二、
(at+
名词
)


1

(
at the age
) (
of
some number)



在几岁


2

(
at an altitude
) (
of
some number)
在某个高度


3

(
at the cost/expense
)(
of
sth)





...
为代价


4

(
at the end
) (
of
sth)









...
的结尾


5

(
at the request
) (
of
sb)







应某人的请求


6

(
at the risk
) (
of
sth/doing sth)

冒着
....
的风险


7

(
at the sight
)(
of
sb/sth)





一看见
....

8

(
at a speed
)(
of
some number
)



...
的速度


9

(
at the thought
)(
of
sb/sth)


一想到
...

10

(
at birth
)











出生时


11

(
at bottom
)









其实,
实际上


12

(
at one

s command
)




听候...的差遣


13

(
at the corner
)







在拐角处


14

(
at dawn/daybreak
)






在黎明
,
在拂晓


15

(
at a discount
)







减价、折扣


16

(
at first
)










最初,开始时


17

(
at hand
)









在手边,即将发生


18

(
at home
)






在家
/
国内




19

(
at large
)







自由,逍遥法外


20

(
at length
)







详细地


21

(
at last
)








最后,终于


22

(
at least
)







至少,起码


23

(
at leisure
)







有空,闲暇时


24

(
at the moment
)




现在,眼下
...

25

(
at any price
)






不惜任何代价,无论如何


26

(
at one time
)





过去,曾经,一度


27

(
at the same time
)



同时


28

(
at work
)





在工作

三、
be+adj+(at+
名词
)

1

be

angry
(
at
sb/sth)







...
生气


2

be

competent
(
at
sth)





...
方面有能力


3

be delighted
(
at
sth)






...
感到非常高兴


4

be

disappointed
(
at
sb/sth)

...
感到失望


5

be

dissatisfied
(
at
sb/sth)



...
不满意


6

be

expert
(
at
sth/doing sth)
专长,擅长于,精通


7

be skilled
(
at
sth/doing sth)


...
方面有技能,熟练


8

be

gifted
(
at
sth/doing sth)


...
有天赋


9

be

good
(
at
sth/doing sth)


擅长
...

10

be

hopeless
(
at
sth/doing sth)



...
感到绝望;对
...
一筹莫展


11

be

mad
(
at
sb/sth)











..
愤怒


12

be

surprised
(
at
sb/sth)






...
感到吃惊


13

be terrfied
(
at
sth/doing sth)

...
惊吓


14

be

weak
(
at
sth/doing sth)



...
方面欠缺,差

8

before

【原始含义】

be+fore

在…之前“(时间、空间、顺序)


【引申含义】
prep.


1

时间上

earlier in time
eg: Please come back (before 10:00pm).

2

空间上
earlier in position
eg:
Don’t put the cart (before the horse).


3

顺序上
earlier in order or arrangement
eg: Health should come (before wealth).

4


当(某人)面


in the presence of sb




eg : She charged him of murder (before the jury).


【常见搭配】:

一、动词
+(before+
名词
)


1

A
come
(
before
B)




A

B
之上,比
B
更重要


2

complain
(
before
sb)


在某人面前控诉


3

go
(
before
sb)






出现在某人面前


4

put
/
set
A (
before
B)





A
看的比
B
重要


5

stand
(
before
sb/sth)



站立在…前面

二、(
before +
名词)


1

(
before day
)







破晓之前


2

(
before long
)







不久以后


3

(
before one's eyes
)




当着某人的面


4

(
before time
)







提前


5

(
before the wind
)




顺风


6

(
before the world
)



在众人面前


9

behind
【原始含义】

be + hide



在…之后


【引申含义】

[prep]


1

空间上,在…后面

at the back of sb/sth

eg: A dog is running (behind us).
A dog is running (after us).

2

是产生…的原因







responsible for stating or developing sth

eg: There must be someone (behind it).



What

s (behind that happy smile)?


3

时间上,在之后

sth is in the past

eg: New York is 12 hours (behind Beijing) (in time).
(4

能力上,在之后

making less progress than sb./sth



eg: He

s (behind the rest of others) (in reading).


5

支持,赞成

giving approval of sth


eg : My mother is always (behind me) (whatever decision I
make).

[adv]
在后面,在远处

eg: She rode (along the street) (with her dog) (running
behind).


作介词时:

一、动词
+(behind+
名词
)


1

fall
/
lag
(
behind
sb/sth)



落在…后面


2

go
(
behind
sth)










进一步斟酌…

They will go behind the decision.
二、(
behind +
名词)



1

(
behind bars
)













在狱中

在背后


2

(
behind sb’s back
)



3

(
behind the schedule/time
)


晚点、推迟


4

(
behind the times
)






过时、落伍


作副词时:



1

sb
stay/ remain

behind





某人(在他人走后)逗留,留下


2

sb
wait behind








某人(在别人走后)留下


3

leave
sth/sb
behind
忘带,留下某物;超越某人

10

beside

【原始含义】

be+side

在…边上


【引申含义】
prep.

1


...
旁边

next to…; by the side of…



eg: a town (beside the sea)





She sat (beside the teacher).

2


...
相比

compared with


eg: My work is so poor (beside yours).

【常见搭配】

beside+
名词


1

(
beside

oneself
)








高兴的不得了


2

(
beside the point
)






离题,不中肯;与…无关

11

besides
【原始含义】

beside+s
“除…外,还有…”
in addition to sb/sth
[prep]

eg: There were two other students (in the classroom)
(besides Tom).

【常见搭配】

besides+
名词
/
动名词

eg: We have a lot (in common)
(besides

music)
.




(
Besides

working) (as a doctor)
, he also writes a lot of
stories.

12

between

【原始含义】

be- two-in
“在两者之间”

【引申含义】

prep.


1

空间、时间、顺序、等级上,在两者之间


in the middle of two things in terms of space, time,
order, class etc.





eg: (Between two strange buildings) stands a tree.








His age is (between sixty and seventy).

2

表示两者之间的某种关系








to show a connection or relationship





eg: He has to decide (between life and death).


There is a great difference (between the two articles).

You should learn between lines
(字里行间)
.

3

合用、共享







shared by two or more people or things






eg: This is a secret (between you and me).
(仅在我们
俩之间)
.








We drank a bottle of wine (between us).


【常见搭配】

一、动词
+(between+
名词
)



1

draw a clear dividing line
(
between
sth)
















明显区分…


2

make a difference
(
between
sb/sth)



















区别对待…


3

read
(
between lines
)



























出字里行间的言外之意


4

stand
(
between
sth/sb)
























阻碍…



二、名词
+(between+
名词
)

1

balance
(
between
A and B)



A

B
的均衡

We should always consider the balance (between cost and
benefit).

2

connection
(
between
sth/sb)












某人或某物之间的联系



13

beyond

【原始含义】

be+yond
“(在彼处)“在…之外”


【引申含义】:
prep.


1


在…较远的一边










on the further side of sth


eg: The village is beyond the mountain.


2


时间上晚于…












later than a particular time




eg: It won

t go on (beyond midnight).


3


超出某人的能力范围,非…所及









far too advanced for sb



eg: The bag is (beyond my reach).


4


表示…是不可能的









to say that sth is impossible







eg: The bicycle is (beyond repair).


【常见搭配】

一、
(beyond+
名词
)


1

(
beyond

one

s ability/strength/power
)













超越某人的能力


2

(
beyond

belief
)


















难以置信


3

(
beyond comparison
)












无法比喻


4

(
beyond cure
)


















无可救药


5

(
beyond

control
)











无法控制


6

(
beyond

doubt/suspicion
)






不容置疑


7

(
beyond

one

s wildest dreams
)
做梦也想不到



8

(
beyond

one

s endurance
)





无法忍受


9

(
beyond expression
)







无法表达



10

(
beyond imagination
)





超出想象


11

(
beyond

measure
)












无法估量


12

(
beyond

praise
)








赞美不完,称赞不绝


13

(
beyond

price
)






极其珍贵,无价的



14

(
beyond

one

s reach
)



在某人够不着的地方


15

(
beyond

reason
)






不合理


16

(
beyond recognition
)





难以认出


17

(
beyond

repair
)










无法修复


18

(
beyond

the seas
)









到海外


19

(
beyond understanding
)



难以理解


20

(
beyond words
)








无法形容

She is very beautiful.
She is elegant.
Her beauty is beyond words.

21

(
beyond sb
)







为某人所不能理解



二、动词
+(beyond+
名词
)

1

go
(
beyond
sth)







超出
...,
超过
...


3

see
(
beyond
sth)








预料
...
;预见
...

14

by

【原始含义】


“在旁边”

【引申含义】

prep.

1

在…旁边

at the side of





eg: We prefer a table (by the window).

2

不迟于,在…之前

before




eg: We have studied several prepositions (by now).

I shall have finished the work (by the time you return).

3

表示方式


in which way sth is done






eg: I go to school (by bus).


4

通过…;根据…

according to sth





eg: He can tell the direction (by the stars).








Don’t judge a person (by his looks
).

5

按…计算

the degree or amount of sth






eg: Eggs are usually sold

by dozen

.








The temperature has risen

by 5 degrees

.

6

由于…


as a result of







eg: They met (by chance).









I did it (by mistake).


7

被…
used





eg: He was shocked (by what he had seen).

8


表示触及或抓住人物的部分








used to show the part of sb that another person
catches



eg: I seized her (by the hair).


9


表示逐步推进
;

the rate sth happens

eg: He is making progress (day by day).


10


以…的名义

in the name of


eg: I swear (by Almighty God) (that I will never betray
my country).

adv.


1


经过

past




eg: Time goes by quickly.







He hurried by (without speaking to me).


2


短暂拜访





eg: Please drop by (when it is convenient) (for you).


【常见搭配】

作介词时


一、
by+
名词


1


(
by

accident/chance
)


偶然地


2


(
by coincidence
)







巧合地


3


(
by

all means
)









想尽一切办法、一定要


4


(
by means
)(
of
sb/sth)


借助于…


5


(
by no means
)









绝不,一点儿也不


6


(
by

appearance
)




从外表


7


(
by comparison
)







相比之下


8


(
by

contrast
)











对比之下


9


(
by

definition
)









根据定义,实质上


10

(
by hand
)













人工地


11

(
by heart
)













靠记忆,背诵


12

(
by

mistake
)









错误地


13

(
by nature
)












天性上,本质上


14

(
by

turns
)












轮流地


15

(
by

the way
)






顺便说一下


二.动词
+

by+
名词)



1

come
(
by
sth)

(
尤指通过努力)获得…
;
偶然得到…


2

go
(
by
sth)




顺便走访…


3

judge

sb/sth

(
by
sth)
通过…判断,断定某物或某人


4

live
(
by
sth)




...
为生计;遵守,遵循…


5

pass
(
by
sth)


经过…;不考虑,回避…


6

profit
(
by
sth)



从…中获益


7

swear
(
by
sb/sth)
极其信赖某人;对某物发誓


8

take
sb (
by
sth)


抓住某人的某个部位


9

tell
(
by
sth)






根据…判断,推断


三、
be+
过去分词
+

by+
名词)


1

be characterized

(
by
sth)






以…为特征


2

be

disgusted
(
by
sth)










对…厌恶


3

be

distracted
(
by
sb/sth)






精力被…分散


4

be

replaced
(
by
sb/sth)








被…取代


四、

名词
+by+
名词


1

bit by bit







一点一点地,逐渐地


2

day by day







一天一天地,逐日


3

inch by inch







一点一点地


4

little by little



逐渐


5

one by one






一个接一个


6

side by side





并肩


7

step by step





按部就班地


8

year by year






年年,逐年


作副词时:



名词
+
动词
+by


1

sb
drop

by







某人顺便访问


2

sb
get

by









某人勉强接受;设法勉强生存


3

sb
stand

by











某人袖手旁观


4

sb
stop

by











(顺便)过访,串门

15

despite

【原始含义】



尽管、不顾

= in spite of



eg: The old professor kept on working

despite his poor
health

.
【常见搭配】

prep.


1

despite sth/doing sth

尽管某事,尽管做了某事



eg : He failed

in the exam



despite

all the efforts

.




Despite
applying for hundreds of jobs

, he is still out of
work.


2

despite the fact that+
句子



尽管事实是…

eg. She kept learning French
despite the fact that

she found
it difficult


3

despite oneself


尽管不愿意






eg. He had to laugh
despite himself.

16

down
【原始含义】


向下


【引申含义】

[prep]
(1)
表示自上而下,向下,往下

from top to bottom


eg: In order to catch the bus they run (down the hill).






Tears run down her face quietly.
(2)
沿着河、沿着路

along



eg: He walked down the road.






We sailed down the river.
[adv]
(1)

向下,朝下


to or at a lower place

eg: He looked down (at her).

(2)

(数量、力量等)减弱,降低




to show that the amount or strength of sth is lower


eg: He finally settle down (in Florida).

(3)

向南方,在南方

to or in the south of a country


eg: They flew down (to Texas).

(4)

(写)在纸上;(列)在表格上

on paper, on a list


Eg: Have you got me down (for the trip)?


【常见搭配】

作副词时


一、动词
+
(名词)
+down

1

blow
sth
down






刮倒,吹倒
...

2

break
sth
down







摧毁;克服
....

3

burn
sth
down








烧毁
...

4

close
sth
down






关闭
...

5

cut
sth
down










砍伐
...
;缩减
...

6

hold
sth
down







阻止,控制
....

7

keep
sth/sb
down






控制;压迫
...

8

knock
sb/sth
down




撞击,撞倒
...

9

mark
sth
down








记录,写下
...

10

narrow
sth
down



缩小
...

11

note
sth
down







记录,写下
...

12

pass

sth
down








传递
...

13

settle
sb
down





使
...
平静
/
安静下来


14

let
sb
down





让某人失望


15

turn
sth
down








拒绝
...

16

write
sth
down







记下
...
二、名词
+
动词
+down

1

sth
break

down











某物坏了


2

sb
calm down













某人冷静下来


3

sth
come down












某物掉下来,下跌


4

sth
cool

down













某物冷却


5

sth/sb
fall

down











某物坍塌;某人失败


6

sth
go down















某物落下,沉下


7

sb
kneel

down













某人跪下


8

sb
look down














某人向下看


9

sb
look down (on
sb/sth)



某人瞧不起
...

10

sth
pour

down











(雨水等)倾泻


11

sb/sth
slow down








...
减速

17

during
【原始含义】“
在…期间


all through a period of time







eg: Not a word did they say (during the meal).









I haven’t had any meat (during the last several
years).









I saw Linda (during the meeting).
18

except

【原始含义】

ex- cept

拿出来
”,
take out,
除…以外


eg: Everyone was here except Tom.

【注

意】
besides
表示“加”,
except
表示“减”


【常见搭配】


1

except for
sth





除……之外

;
除去…


2

except (that
+
句子
)



除了…


3

nothing (except
sth)


只有…

19

for

【原始含义】

“特定的某一方面”

因为

为了

过多久

【引申含义】
prep


1

表示某一特定目的






meant to be given to...




eg: I bought a gift for you.






He planned to write some stories for children.







You have won honor for our country.







Many people come here for the beautiful scenery
every year.







The government provides water and food for the
poverty-stricken areas.


2

表示某一特定方向
(车、
船等)

往,向,
朝着
...


towards...




eg: She has left

for London

.








The bus is for Shanghai.








Passengers

for Tianjin


change at Beijing.




3

表示某物特定的价值、数量

the price of...





eg: I paid 5 dollars (for that book).


He rent the house (to me) (for 3000 yuan per month).


4

在某一特定方面,当做,作为


as

eg: I will keep it (for a souvenir).

Most of the museums have been used (for offices).





Don

t take others

kindness (for granted).
A take B for granted.


5

表示特定的原因:因为,由于
...


Because of ...




eg: Bejing is famous (for its long history).







I was grateful (to you) (for what you had done).








He was criticized (for the careless attitude).








Forgive me (for keeping you waiting) (for a long
time).








6

表示在某一特定方面或出于某种特定原因的赞成、支持











in support of ...





eg: I vote (for Mr. Li).





Our manager is (for cutting down production cost).


7

表示特定时间或距离



certain length of time or distance


eg: We have learned English (for six years).





I haven

t seen you (for ages).





That afternoon we walked (for miles) (along the river).


8

在某一特定方面的影响,对于
...


in regard to ....

eg: She has a good taste (for music).





He has a natural gift (for drawing).





Dickens shows great sympathy (for the poor) (in his
novels).





It

s good (for you) (to do exercise regularly).


9


...
而言,考虑到
...

considering






eg: She is small (for her age).





His maturity seems unsuitable (for a boy of sixteen).





It

s quite fine weather (for spring).







【常见搭配】

一、动词
+(for+
名词
)

1

answer
(
for
sth)


...
负责


2

appeal
(
for
sb)
出庭为
...
辩护


3

argue
(
for
sth)



...
争辩


4

ask
(
for
sth)




请求要…


5

charge
(
for
sth/doing sth)


...
要价,收费


6

compete
(
for
sth)







...
竞争


7

account
(
for
sth)





解释,说明
...

8

allow
(
for
sth)





考虑到
...

9

call
(
for
sb/sth)






去接某人;需要某物


10

care
(
for

sb/sth)






喜欢,想要
...

11

dig
(
for
sth)





寻求…


12

enter
(
for
sth)





报名参加
...

13

go
(
for
sb/sth)








进攻某人;喜欢,想要
某物


14

head
(
for
some place)
朝某地前进


15

leave
(
for
some place)
出发前往某地


16

hope
(
for
sth)







期待,希望
....

17

long
(
for
sth)







渴望
...

18

look
(
for
sth/sb)





寻找
...

19

hunt
(
for
sth)





追寻,猎取


20

search
(
for
sb/sth)




搜寻
...

21

pay
(
for
sth)









...
付款,为
...
付出
代价


22

prepare
(
for
sth)









...
准备


23

send
(
for
sb)









派人去请
...

24

sign
(
for
sth)







签收
...

25

stand
(
for
sth/sb)







代表,象征
....
;容忍


26

s trive/struggle
(
for
sth)


...
而奋斗


27

study
(
for
sth)








攻读
...

28

vote
(
for
sb)








...
投票


29

wait
(
for
sb/sth)







等待
...

30

have an ear/eye
(
for

sth)

...
有鉴赏力


31

pave the way
(
for
sth)



...
铺平道路,扫除障碍


二、
be+
形容词
+(for+
名词
)

1

be ambitious
(
for
sth)




...
雄心壮志的


2

be anxious
(
for
sb/sth)



...
焦虑的,急切的


3

be appropriate/suitable/fit
(
for
sb/sth)







....
适合的


4

be celebrated/famous/noted
(
for
sth)







...
而著名的


5

be competent/qualified
(
for
sth/doing sth)








...
能够胜任的


6

be desperate
(
for
sth)






急需要
...



7

be eager/hungry/thirsty
(
for
sth)
渴望
...



8

be good
(
for
sb/sth)








...
有益


9

be intended
(
for
sth)





...
而计划的,设计的


10

be prepared/ready
(
for
sth)



...
准备好的


11

be responsible
(
for
sth)






...
负责


12

be sorry
(
for
sb/sth)








...
感到惋惜的


13

be sufficient
(
for
sb/sth)






...
是足够的


14

be praised
(
for
sth)








...
而受表扬


15

be blamed/criticized
(
for

sth)



...
而受责备


16

be convenient

(
for
sb)







...
是方便的


17

be possible
(
for
sb)








...
是可能的


18

be grateful
(
for
sth)








...
感激


三、名词
+(for+
名词
)

1

affection
(
for
sb/sth)








...
的喜爱


2

appeal
(
for
sth)










...
的呼吁


3

appetite
(
for
sth)










...
的欲望


4

candidate
(
for
sth)







...
的候选人


5

capacity/capability
(
for
sth/doing sth)

...
的能力


6

cause
(
for
sth)










...
的原因


四、
for+
名词


1

(
for the moment/present
)



暂时,现在















2

(
for my part
)


















就我而言


3

(
for pleasure/fun
)







为了消遣


4

(
for sale
)






















出售


5

(
for example / instance
)




例如


6

(
for the sake
)

(
of
sth)



为了
...
起见;为了…的利益


7

(
for fear
)

(
of
sth) / (
for fear
)

(
that
+
句子
)
以免
,
唯恐

Please take the umbrella (for fear) (of rain).


8

For one thing,...

For another
, ...













一方面
,...

另一方面,
....
(用来举例)

20


from
【原始含义】



“从
...
离开”

【引申含义】

prep.


1

地点或时间上从
...
起始







to show where or when sth starts






eg: What is the distance from Beijing to Shanghai?








He showed great interest in music from an early
age.


1

区别于
...






distinguish between two people or things






eg: You should learn to tell right from wrong.





They could not distinguish one from the other,


2

免遭,免受
...


to show that sth is prevented






eg: He saved the child from drowning.









Trees protect the city from sandstorms.

3

使不做某事,使离开

keep sth away






eg: Her mother discourages her from living outside.











4


...
原料制成







eg: The coat is made from nylon.









Flour is made from wheat.

(5

原因,根据

the reason for making a judgment






eg: He is suffering from a stomachache.

【常见搭配】


一、名词+
(from+
名词
)

1

absence
(
from
sth)





...
中的缺席


2

difference
(
from
sth)





...
的不同


3

independence
(
from
sb/sth)



...
中的独立


5

recovery
(
from
sth)












...
中的康复


二、动词
+(from+
名词
)

1

arise
(
from
sth)











...
产生,引起


2

benefit
(
from
sth)







获益于
...

3

come
(
from
sth)









出身于
...



...
引起


4

date
(
from

some time)



始于
...
时候




5

die

(
from

sth)











死于
...

6

keep/stop/prevent
sb/sth

(
from

sth/doing sth)

阻止
...
做某事


7

discourage
sb (
from
sth/doing sth)












使
...
气馁,劝阻
...
不做某事


8

divide
A (
from
B)







A

B
隔开


9

escape
(
from

sth)





逃脱
,
逃离
...

10

graduate
(
from
sth)



毕业于
...

11

grow
(
from
sth)








...
发展而来


12

hear
(
from
sb)






收到
...
来信




13

infer
(
from
sth)






...
推断


14

judge
(
from

sth)





根据~~来判断


15

protect/preserve
A (
from
B)
保护
A
免受
B
的伤害


16

keep away
(
from
sb/sth)


远离
...

17

range
(
from
A)

(
to
B)



范围为
A~B

18

result
(
from

sth)








归因于
...

19

recover
(
from
sth)







..
中恢复


20

release
sb (
from
sth)



将某人从
...
中释放


21

separate
A (
from

B)




A

B
分离开


22

shelter
(
from
sth)





躲避
...

23

suffer
(
from
sth)





...
折磨


三、
be+
形容词+(
from+
名词)


1

be absent
(
from
sth)



缺席
...

2

be different
(
from
sth)


不同于
...

3

be far
(
from
sth)





远非
...

4

be remote
(
from

sth)




距离
...
遥远


5

be safe
(
from

sth)




安全,未遭受
...

6

be free
(
from

sth)




不受
...
的影响


7

be tired
(
from

sth)





因……而疲劳


四、其他短语


1

from place to place




处处


2

from beginning to end



从开始到结束


3

from time to time




不时地,偶尔地


4

from the bottom of one

s heart


从心底


5

from now on










从现在起


6

from bad to worse









越来越糟


21


in
【原始含义】

“在
...
范围之中”

【引申含义】

prep


1


...
范围之中
(时间、地点)



eg: We sat down in the shade of the trees.





Rome was not built in a day.

2


...
情绪之中



eg:I am in doubt about it.





They are in great enthusiasm about the project.

3


...
状态之中



eg:You have put yourself in danger.





Their economy was in chaos.





Please put all the books in order.

4

穿着
...


eg: The police were all in plain clothes.





I was in a jacket that day.

5


...
语言



eg: The letters were written in Chinese.





What’s this in English?

【常见搭配】

一、动词
+

in+
名词)

(1)


add
(
in
sth)








添加,加入
...
(2)

believe
(
in
sb/sth)





相信,信任
...
(3)

break
(
in
sb/sth)





插话,打断
...
(4)

bring
(
in
sth)






赚进,获得
...
(5)

call
(
in
sb/sth)







召来
...;
收回
...
(6)

delight
(
in
sth/doing sth)



欢做
...
(7)

end
(
in
sth)









...
结尾

(8)

engage
(
in
sth)







参加,从事
...
(9)

fill
(
in
sth)








填写
...;
填满
...
(10)

get
(
in
sth)








买进,收进
...
(11)

give
(
in
sth)







上交
....
(12)

grow
(
in
sth)








...
方面增长

(13)

hand
(
in
sth)








提交
...
(14)

instruct
sb (
in
sth/doing sth)

教授,传授某人
..
(15)

invest
time/money/energy (
in
sth)




将时间
/
金钱
/
精力投资于某事

(16)

lie
(
in
sth)









在于
...
(17)

lose oneself
(
in
sth/doing sth)
埋头于
...
(18)

major/specialize
(
in
sth)


主修
...


专攻
...
(19)

participate/take part
(
in
sth/doing sth)
参加
...
(20)

persist
(
in
sth/doing sth)





坚持做
...
(21)

play a part/role
(
in
sth/doing sth)

...
中起作用

(22)

put
(
in
sth)











加进
...
,补充

...
(23)

put
sb/sth (
in the shade
)




使
...
相形见绌

(24)

put oneself
(
in

sb

s shoes
)



设身处地为
...


(25)

result
(
in
sth)










导致
...
(26)

send
(
in
sth)










提交,呈送
...
(27)

succeed
(
in
sth/doing sth)



成功做
...
(28)

take
(
in
sb)










收留
...
住宿

(29)

take
(
in
sth)











...
改小;理

...

二、
be+
形容词
+

in+
名词)

(1)

be interested
(
in
sth/doing sth)



...
感兴趣

(2)

be located
(
in
some place)




坐落于
...,
位于
...
(3)
be included
(
in
sth)







包含在
...


(4)
be rooted
(
in
sth)







植根于

(5)
be absorbed
(
in
sth/doing sth)


专心投入于
...
(6)
be abundant
(
in
sth)







...
方面丰富

(7)
be dressed
(
in
some color)




穿着某色的衣服

三、
in +
名词

(1)

(
in accord
)(
with
sth)






...
一致,和谐

(2)

(
in addition
)(
to
sth)








...
以外

(3)

(
in advance
)(
of
sth)







...
之前

(4)

(
in agreement
)(
with
sb/sth)



同意某人,同意某人的观点
.
(5)

(
in total
)













加起来,总共

(6)

(
in answer
)(
to
sth)







作为
...
的回答

(7)

(
in an attempt
)(to do sth)



试图做
...
(8)

(
in balance
)











处于均衡状态

(9)

(
in case
)(
of
sth)/
in case
(
that
+
句子
)
以防,唯恐
...
(10)

(
in chaos
)










在混乱状态

(11)

(
in charge
)(
of
sb/sth)






...
负责

(12)

(
in combination
)(
with
sb/sth)

结合,联合
...
(13)

(
in comfort
)










安逸,舒服

(14)

(
in company
) (
with
sb)




和某人一同

(15)

(
in comparison
)(
with
sth)




...
比较起来

(16)

(
in compensation
)(
for
sth)


作为对
...
的补偿

(17)

(
in conclusion/summary
)



最后,总而言之

(18)

(
in condition/shape
)





状况好

(19)

(
in confidence
)








私下地,私密地

(20)

(
in conflict
) (
with
sb/sth)



...
矛盾,冲突

(21)

(
in connection
) (
with
sth)




...
有关

(22)

(
in consequence
) (
of
sth)



因为,由于
...
(23)

(
in consideration
) (
of
sth)



考虑到
...
(24)

(
in control
) (
of
sth)






掌握着,控制
...
(25)

(
in the corner
) (
of
sth)




...
的角落里

(26)

(
in course
) (
of
sth)








...
过程中

(27)

(
in curiosity
)








好奇地

(28)

(
in the dark
)








无知,不知

(29)

(
in one

s day
)







成功,兴盛

(30)

(
in debt
)











负债

(31)

(
in defence
) (
of
sth)





防御,保卫
...
(32)

(
in delight
)










高兴,满意

(33)

(
in demand
)







非常需要,受欢迎

(34)

(
in depth
)









深入地,彻底地

(35)

(
in the depth
) (
of
sth)




...
最深处

(36)

(
in despair
)








在绝望中

(37)

(
in detail
)









详细地

(38)

(
in difficulty
)








有困难,有麻烦

(39)

(
in disorder
)







乱七八糟

(40)

(
in

the distance
)






在远处

(41)

(
in essence
)








本质上,实质上

(42)

(
in

any event
)







不管怎样,无论如何

(43)

(
in

exchange
)(
for
sth)



交换
...
(44)

(
in

the face
)(
of
sth)





面临
...
(45)

(
in

fact
)











事实上

(46)

(
in

fashion
)








流行,时髦

(47)

(
in

favor/support
) (
of
sb/sth)
支持
...
(48)

(
in

the form
) (
of
sth)





...
的形式,状态

(49)

(
in front
) (
of
sth)







...
前面

(50)

(
in the future
)







将来

(51)

(
in

general
)








通常

(52)

(
in

a manner
)







在某种意义上

(53)

(
in

memory
) (
of sb/sth
)



纪念
...
(54)

(
in a minute/moment
)



马上,很快
...
(55)

(
in a good/bad mood
)



情绪好
/


(56)

(
in operation
)



工作中,运转着;起作用,生效

(57)

(
in

the first place
)





第一,首先

(58)

(
in

point
) (
of
sth)







...
而言,关于
...
(59)

(
in

possession
) (
of
sth)



占有,拥有

(60)

(
in

power
)









执政,掌权

(61)

(
in

principle
)







原则上,理论上

(62)

(
in public)









公开地,当众

(63)

(
in large quantities
)




大量

(64)

(
in

rags
)










穿着破旧衣服

(65)

(
in

some respects
)




在某些方面

(66)

(
in

respect
) (
of
sth)





...
而言

(67)

(
in response
) (
to
sth)




作为对
...
的反应

(68)

(
in

return
) (
for
sth)





作为对
...
的交换

(69)

(
in ruins
)










毁坏,衰败

(70)

(
in

the long/short run
)



长远看;短期看

(71)

(
in a rush
)









匆忙

(72)

(
in search
) (
of
sb/sth)




寻找,搜寻
...
(73)

(
in

a sense
)








在某种意义上

(74)

(
in

short
)








简言之

(75)

(
in

high/low spirits
)




情绪高
/


(76)

(
in

spite
) (
of
sth)






虽然,尽管
...
(77)

(
in store
)









贮藏,准备
;
必将发


(78)

(
in trouble
)








陷入困境

(79)

(
in turn
)










依次


22

inside
【基本含义】
prep.



“在
...
里面(静态)”


eg: I looked into the box, only to find nothing inside it.
It was the first time he had been inside a theatre.

【常见搭配】


inside out
:
彻底底,完全地


eg: He turned his drawer
inside out
for his car key.


23

into


基本含义


“进入
...
的里面(动态)”

【引申含义】

prep.


1

进入,到
...
里面

eg: It was raining, so they went into the house.



A look of joy came into his eyes.


2

表示“变成,成为”




eg: The book has been translated into many languages.







All the buildings have been turned into hospitals.


3

表示“进入某种状态”




eg: I burst into tears.







Many companies went into bankruptcy.

【常见搭配】


一、动词
+sb/sth+(into+
名词
)

(1)
argue
sb (
into
doing sth)
劝说某人做某事


(2)
break
(
into
sth)




突然开始
...;
打断
...;
闯入
...

(3)
bring
sth (
into focus
)

使
...
引起注意

抗菌-successor


抗菌-successor


抗菌-successor


抗菌-successor


抗菌-successor


抗菌-successor


抗菌-successor


抗菌-successor



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