illumination(完整版)心理学专业英语复习资料

2021年1月21日发(作者：高尔基体)
心理学专业英语复习资料

I.
Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese

1. Research Methods

研究方法

2. Psychophysics

心理物理学

3. Theories of Learning


学习理论

4. Social Cognition

社会认知

5
．

Personality Test


人格测试

6. Extraneous Variable
无关变量

7. Longitudinal Study


纵向研究

8. Crystallized Intelligence


晶体智力

9. Motor control


运动控制

10. Corpus Callosum


胼胝体

11. Group Thinking


群体思维

12. Social Loafing


社会懈怠

13. Social Exchange


社会交换

14. Social Approval

社会赞许

15. Diffusion of Responsibility



责任分散

16. Recency Effec



近因效应

17
．

Trace Decay


痕迹消退

18. Retrograde Amnesia

倒摄遗忘

19. Social Support

社会支持

20. Self-efficacy

自我效能

21. Case Study

个案研究

II.
Translate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English

1.
机能主义




functionalism
2.
自我实现


self
—
actualization
3
．

一般规律研究法

nomothetic method
4.
分层抽样


stratified sampling
5.
外在信度


external reliability
6.
选择性注意


selective attention
7.
知觉恒常性

perceptual constancy
8.
自我概念

self concept
9.
液体智力

fluid intelligence
10.
安全型依恋

secure attachment
11.
性别图示

gender schema
12.
亲社会行为
pro social behavior
13.
从众实验

conformity experiment
14.
头脑风暴

brain storming
15.
社会助长

social facilitation
16.
旁观者效应
bystander effect
17.
标准差

standard deviation
18.
柱状图

bar chart
19.
正态分布

normal distribution
20.
临界值

critical value
21.
知觉适应

perceptual adaptation
III. Multiple Choices

1. Like Carl Rogers, I believe people choose to live more creative and meaningful lives. My name
is
a. Wertheimer.

b. Washburn.

c. Skinner.

d. Maslow.


2. The goals of psychology are to
a. develop effective methods of psychotherapy.

b. describe, predict, understand, and control behavior.

c. explain the functioning of the human mind.

d. compare, analyze, and control human behavior.


3. The
a. Wilhelm Wundt.

b. Sigmund Freud.

c. John B. Watson.

d. B. F. Skinner.


4. You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to
you about the
goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you make in
your life and that
you
could
make in
your life.
This
psychologist
would probably belong to
the
__________ school of psychology.
a. humanistic

b. psychodynamic

c. behavioristic

d. Gestalt


5. Biopsychologists
a. limit the scope of their study to animals.

b. are concerned with self-actualization and free will.

c. stress the unconscious aspect of behavior.

d. attempt to explain behavior in terms of biological or physical mechanisms.


6. In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given
a. a high dosage of alcohol.

b. one-half the dosage given the experimental group.

c. a driving test before and after drinking alcohol.

d. no alcohol at all.


7.

The phrase
a. researchers misrepresent their data.

b. a theory must be defined so it can be disconfirmed.

c. theories are a rich array of observations regarding behavior but with few facts to support them.

d. nothing.

8.
A common method for selecting representative samples is to select them
a. randomly from the larger population.

b. strictly from volunteers.

c. by threatening or coercing institutionalized populations.

d. from confidential lists of mail order firms.


9. The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that it
a. allows mathematical relationships to be established.

b.
provides
a
point
of
reference
against
which
the
behavior
of
the
experimental
group
can
be
compared.

c. balances the experiment to eliminate all extraneous variables.

d. is not really necessary.


10. Which of the following best describes a double-blind experimental procedure?
a. All subjects get the experimental procedure.

b. Half the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is known
only to the experimenter.

c.
Half
the
subjects
get
the
experimental
procedure,
half
the
placebo;
which
they
receive
is
not
known to subjects or experimenters.

d. All subjects get the control procedure.


11. A simple experiment has two groups of subjects called
a. the dependent group and the independent group.

b. the extraneous group and the independent group.

c. the before group and the after group.

d. the control group and the experimental group.


12. One of the limitations of the survey method is
a. observer bias.

b. that it sets up an artificial situation.

c. that replies may not be accurate.

d. the self-fulfilling prophecy.


13. To replicate an experiment means to
a. use control groups and experimental groups.

b. use statistics to determine the effect of chance.

c. control for the effects of extraneous variables.

d. repeat the experiment using either identical or improved research methods.


14. Information picked up by the body's receptor cells is termed
a. cognition

b. perception.

c. adaptation.

d. sensation.


15. The incoming flow of information from our sensory systems is referred to as
a. sensation.

b. perception.

c. adaptation.

d. cognition.


16.
A
researcher
presents
two
lights
of
varying
brightness
to
a
subject
who
is
asked
to
respond

a. just noticeable difference.

b. absolute threshold.

c. subliminal threshold.

d. minimal threshold.


17.
Film is to camera as __________ is to eye.
a. retina

b. iris

c. lens

d. pupil


18. Black and white vision with greatest sensitivity under low levels of illumination describes the
function of
a. the cones.

b. the visual pigments.

c. the rods.

d. the phosphenes.


19. Unpleasant stimuli may raise the threshold for recognition. This phenomenon is called
a. aversive stimulation.

b. absolute threshold.

c. perceptual defense.

d. unconscious guard.


20. When infants are placed in the middle of a visual cliff, they usually
a. remain still.

b. move to the shallow side of the apparatus.

c. move to the deep side of the apparatus.

d. approach their mothers when called, whether that requires moving to the shallow or deep side.


fact that objects that are near each other tend to be grouped together is known as
a. closure.

b. continuation.

c. similarity.

d. nearness.


22. An ability to
a. clairvoyance.

b. telepathy.

c. precognition.

d. psychokinesis.


23.
The fact that infants will often crawl off tables or beds shows that
a. depth perception is completely learned.

b. human depth perception emerges at about 4 months of age.

c. integration of depth perception with motor skills has not yet been accomplished.

d. depth perception is completely innate.


24. Sensations are organized into meaningful perceptions by
a. perceptual constancies.

b. localization of meaning.

c. perceptual grouping (Gestalt) principles.

d. sensory adaptation.


25. The analysis of information starting with features and building into a complete perception
is
known as
a. perceptual expectancy.

b. top-down processing.

c. bottom-up processing.

d. Gregory's phenomenon.


26.

One recommended way for parents to handle problems of occasional bed wetting in children is
to
a. limit the amount of water they drink in the evening.

b. punish them for

c. wake them up during the night to use the toilet.

d. consider medication or psychotherapy.


27.
Teachers,
peers,
and
adults
outside
the
home
become
important
in
shaping
attitudes
toward
oneself in Erikson's stage of
a. trust versus mistrust.

b. initiative versus guilt.

c. industry versus inferiority.

d. integrity versus despair.


28. With aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________ intelligence.
a. fluid; fixed

b. fixed; fluid

c. fluid; crystallized

d. crystallized; fluid

29. The single most important thing you might do for a dying person is to
a. avoid disturbing that person by not mentioning death.

b. allow that person to talk about death with you.

c. tell that person about the stages of dying.

d. keep your visits short and infrequent in order to avoid tiring that person.


30. The five- factor model of personality includes
a. social interactionism.

b. neuroticism.

c. agreeableness.

d. sense of humor.


31. An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a
a. psychodynamic therapist.

b. behaviorist.

c. humanistic therapist.

d. trait theorist.


32. Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture called
a. persona.

b. collective consciousness.

c. archetypes.

d. mandalas.


33. Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are to
a. stress.

b. personal growth.

c. humankind.

d. internal conflicts.


34. Self- actualization refers to
a. a tendency that causes human personality problems.

b. what it is that makes certain men and women famous.

c. anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials.

d. the requirements necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich.


35.
If
you
were
asked
to
describe
the
personality
of
your
best
friend,
and
you
said
she
was
optimistic, reserved, and friendly, you would be using the __________ approach.
a. psychodynamic

b. analytical

c. humanistic

d. trait


36. The halo effect refers to
a. the technique in which the frequency of various behaviors is recorded.

b. the use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli.

c. the process of admitting experience into consciousness.

d.
the
tendency
to
generalize
a
favorable
or
unfavorable
first
impression
to
unrelated
details
of
personality.


37.A truck gets stuck under a bridge. Several tow-trucks are unable to pull it out. At last a little boy
walks up and asks the red-faced adults trying to free the truck why they haven't let the air out of the
truck's tires. Their oversight was due to
a. divergent thinking.

b. cognitive style.

c. synesthesia.

d. fixation.