roughly步态分析(Gait analysis)

2021年1月21日发(作者：苦闷)
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步态分析（
Gait analysis
）



步态分析
（
Gait
analysis
）
Gait
analysis
consists
of
5
parts,
including the observation of the specific variables that form
the walking action and the effect of the two parts of the gait
dynamics. Observation of the formation of a specific variable
walking
action
are:
action
analysis
(motion
analysis)
to
determine the size and duration of each joint action; dynamic
electromyography
(dynamic
electromyography)
-
time
is
determined
and
the
relative
intensity
of
muscle
activity
during
the gait cycle; force plate test (force - plate) to determine
the
load
changes
experienced
by
the
lower
bearing.
Step
analysis
(stride
analysis)
and
energy
consumption
measurements
(energy,
cost,
measurement).
The
latter
two
are
used
to
reflect
the
effect
of
gait
dynamics.
Each
gait
abnormalities
in
patients
with
different
degree
of
analysis
methods
are
different,
generally
observed
for
gait
analysis
(observational
gait
analysis)
should
be
seized
to
select
the
main
abnormal
gait,
and
then
determine
the
further
inspection
of
the
project.
Observation
of
gait
analysis,
one
leg
hand
will
be
observed
in
the gait cycle is divided into different period, usually 8,
began to ground (initial contact IC) period, bearing reaction




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period (loading response, LR), standing (midstance, MST) the
middle
period,
the
final
stand
at
the
end
of
(terminal,
stance,
Tst) (preswing, Psw) pre swing, swing phase (initial swing,
Isw),
middle
swing phase
(Midswing,
Msw)
and
at
the
end
of the
swing
phase
(terminal swing, Tsw), the
first
5 for a
period
of
5 consecutive stages of stance, after 3 for a period of 3
consecutive stages of the swing phase; On the other hand,
hemiplegia
and
walking
the
part
of
the
body,
including
the
torso,
pelvis, hip, knee, ankle and toe by careful observation, the
emergence
of
abnormal
gait
movement,
namely
the
external
manifestations of pathological gait, walking upright muscle
damage
in
motor
neurons,
motor
neurons
and
appear
muscle
activity
is
out
of
control,
resulting
in
increased
muscle
tension,
muscle
coordination
and
contractile
dysfunction,
and
can
be
confirmed
by
dynamic
electromyography.
The
main
features
of
the
hemiplegic
gait
are
as
follows: ?
begin
the
touchdown:
lack of foot followed by the foot, or the entire foot, or the
outer edge of the sole of the foot. This is due to incomplete
dorsiflexion
of
the
foot
or
incomplete
or
varus
of
the
extensor
genu. The bearing reaction period: excessive ankle plantar
flexion,
the
horseshoe
foot,
may
be
due
to
contracture
of
Achilles tendon, or due to persistent and excessive triceps
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muscle activity, the front foot first, normal heelstrike rock
movement loss, make the gait is not smooth. The normal tibia
moves
forward
at
the
heel,
faster
than
the
thigh
forward,
causing knee flexion, while the hemiplegic patient loses the
flexion
of
the
knee
by
buffering
the
body
weight.
The
front
foot
instead of the ground gives the tibia a backward thrust that
prevents the body from pushing forward and using the momentum
of
the
lower
limb
to
move
forward
and
increase
energy
consumption.
Varus
of
the
foot
due
to
the
hyperactivity
of
the
tibialis
anterior
muscle
during
the
swing
phase,
or
the
premature movement of the triceps muscle. The lateral edge of
the foot is touching the ground to make the weight-bearing
surface
unstable.
When
excessive
activity,
adductor
ataxia
and
impaired
proprioception,
can
cause
the
foot
in
the
foot
in
front
of the ground, may cause damage or varus instability fall.
Hill
-
intermediate
station:
due
to
excessive
flexor
contracture,
and
strong
stretching
model
of
normal
ankle
plantar
flexion
from
15
degrees
to
about
10
degrees
of
dorsiflexion of
the
transfer
action
disappeared, patients
can
not
be
transferred
to
the
weight
from
the
heel
to
forefoot,
and
there
are
two ways of
compensation.
If
the
knee
is good,
there


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