apparatusunit12“takeoverbos27n!”练习答案综合教程三

2021年1月21日发(作者：hook是什么意思)
Unit12

Key to the Exercises


Text comprehension

I.
Decide which of the following best states the theme of the story.


B


(The
story
is
about
the
sense
of
responsibility
in
time
of
trial,
which
in
this
case is a shipwreck. Human instinct is brought into full play in the trial but it
is the sense
of responsibility
that
overweighs instinct and
wins
the battle at the
end of the story, so B is more appropriate than A. As for C, though brotherly love
does exist between these sailors, it is not brought into the limelight; rather it
is the sense of responsibility that is emphatically glorified in the story.)


II. Judge,
according
to
the
text,
whether
the
following
statements
are
true
or
false.

1.
T (Refer to Paragraph 4. Snyder could see in their bloodshot eyes that they'd
gladly kill him for those few drops.)

2. T (Refer to Paragraph 6. Snyder was the man with the gun -- the only authority
in the boat.)

3. F
(Refer
to
Paragraph
5.
Snyder
judged
that
they
must
be
some
two
hundred
miles
east
of Ascension. That
means a long
way
since the men were too weak
to
pull
on the
oars.)

4. F
(Refer
to
Paragraph
21.
Snyder
felt
he
was
falling
asleep,
and
simply
couldn't
keep the gun in hand.)

5. T (Refer to Paragraph 28. The bos'n's mate said,
apes all day.


III.
Answer the following questions.

1. Refer to Paragraphs 1 4. Snyder knew very well that, without the gun, the nine
men on the lifeboat would jump at the remaining water like animals, or they would
even kill him for the water.

2. Refer
to
Paragraph
6.
Snyder
knew
as
well
that
once
the
water
was
gone
they
would
have
nothing
to
look
forward
to
but
death.
If
he
had
given
in
to
their
instinct
for
the
water,
they'd
have
emptied
the
last
canteen
days
ago
and
by
then
they'd
all
have
been dead.

3. Throughout
the
story,
the
narrator
keeps
referring
to
the
gun
and
the
fact
that
he
was
the
man
with
the
gun.
The
gun
means
at
the
same
time
authority
and
responsibility, especially for maintaining reason, which he had to keep where the
rest had lost it. When he handed over the gun to the bos'n's mate, he was handing
over the duty, and it was amazing that the mate changed from a craving animal to
a reasonable guard once he took over the gun.

4. Refer to Paragraph 19. Snyder hated
the bos'n's
mate because the
mate
had been
the
biggest
threat
to
the
water,
and
he
was
able
to
sleep,
while
Snyder
had
to
keep
awake for maybe seventy-two hours. Yet Snyder did not mean it when talking about
hate. They were not personal enemies. Their confrontation arose
as a result of the
desperate situation and Snyder's responsibility: he was the man with the gun and
he was in command there, and hence the man to think; that was the difference.

5. Refer to Paragraph 28. Snyder was amazed to find out, after he woke up, that
the bos'n's mate held the gun steady at the rest of the surviving crew, and said
that
he
had
kept
off
the
apes
all
day.
He
understood
sufficiently
that
when
one
was
the boss-man, in command and responsible for the rest, one would surely get to see
things differently.


IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1.
To the nine men, I was no longer a man or officer. I meant to them a gun that
would shoot them if they drank the water.

2. As he was extremely thirsty, Barrett had lost his reason and was not able to
think any more.


Structural analysis of the text

Through a detailed description of Jeff Barrett, the author builds up the image of
a strong and dangerous man, a constant threat to the hope of the survivors on the
lifeboat. Readers are surprised to find that in the end he was the very person to
keep
the
order
and
protect
the
water
when
Snyder
was
asleep.
With
such
an
unexpected
turn, the author reveals how a sense of responsibility could be aroused by one's
position.


Rhetorical features of the text

1.


2.

(Paragraph 7) The underlined part is employed to indicate the state they were in.

3.

(Paragraph
9)
The
underlined
part
is
a
prepositional
phrase
which
further
describes
the man (the subject of the sentence).


Vocabulary exercises

I.
Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1. at
such
a
short
distance;
from
a
place
that
was
so
near
(to
the
other
nine
men)

2. I wasn't important

3. coldly planning/scheming

4. give up reluctantly

5. weakening


II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its
appropriate form.

1. gulp

2. growls

3. clog

4. Hefting

5. mirage

6. sunken

7. craving


III.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1. paralyze 2. brutalities

3. wreckage 4. judgmental

5. disadvantageous 6. uncountable

7. scorcher 8. commanding


IV. Fill
in
the
blank
in
each
sentence
with
an
appropriate
phrasal
verb
or
collocation taken from the text.

1. give in to

2. sleep away

3. hold out

4. hold off/keep away

5. keeled over

6. take over

7. looked forward to

8. prop up


V.
Give
a
synonym
or
an
antonym
of
the
word
underlined
in
each
sentence
in
the
sense
it is used.

1. Antonym: plump (chubby, fleshy)

2. Synonym: burn

3. Synonym: block (choke)

4. Antonym: shaven

5. Synonym: attentive

6. Synonym: jeer (scoff)

7. Antonym: gentle (meek, mild)

8. Synonym: lift (hoist)


VI. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.

1. resist

2. have

3. match with

4. satisfies

5. cover up

6. settle

7. have prejudice against

8. prohibit the dissemination of


Grammar exercises

I.
Change the following sentences to avoid any unnecessary repetition.

1.
His second child
is a girl, who
is twenty-four and newly married. The
youngest
is
twenty,
a
boy,
a
high-school
graduate
who
has
spent
the
last
couple
of
years
doing
odd jobs.

2.
The Italians have a strong tradition of cooking. Do the English have one

3.
A number of people were involved in the accident but none were hurt.

4.
If you want to read novels, I've got some.

5.
My sister prefers tea to coffee but I like both.

6.
Steven
noticed
that
they
were
not
flying
in
tight
formation
as
they
should
have
been.

7.
John won't like it but Rachel will.

8.
A: He'll be out of town by nightfall.


B: He'd better be.


II. Simplify
the
following
sentences
by
omitting
the
words
in
italics
or
replacing
them with the items in the box.

1.
I
like
the
Richards'
house
but
I
don't
like
their
garden.
I
think
it
is
too
small
for them. Don't you think it is too small, too

2.
Look! This is a wonderful spot for our picnic. Why don't we stop here

3.
When
I was younger I
didn't have
all
the
things
I have now. Still I think I was
happier then.

4.
A: Who wants some tea


B: I do, please.


A: What about you, Peter Tea or coffee


C: Neither, thank you.

5.
A: Which books do you want


B: The ones with hard covers.

6.
A: I wonder if you'd help me do this homework.


B: I would if I could, but I'm afraid I ought to go out right now.

7.
Can you give me a few nails I need some.

8.
Some of the equipment has been damaged, but none has been lost.


III.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.

1. didn't know, wouldn't/couldn't understand

2. had

3. spend, won't have

4. will open

5. could, would

6. will/shall be

7. had not been

8. were, would go


IV. Add the articles where necessary in the following passage.

A, a, The, an, the, The, the, a, the, the, the