parrot常用通信名词(英文)

2021年1月21日发(作者：妇女能顶半边天)
1.

Erlang
One erlang of carried traffic refers to a single resource being in continuous use, or two channels
each being in use fifty percent of the time, and so on. For example, if an office has two telephone
operators who are both busy all the time, that would represent two erlangs (2 E) of traffic; or a
radio channel that is occupied for one hour continuously is said to have a load of 1 erlang.
2.

A preface
Generally covers the story of how the book came into being, or how the idea for the book was
developed; this is often followed by thanks and acknowledgments to people who were helpful to
the author during the time of writing. A preface is usually signed (and the date and place of writing
often follow the typeset signature).
3.

Foreword
Written by another person (not author) is always signed.

An introductory essay written by a different person is a foreword and precedes an author's preface.
4.

An acronym
an
abbreviation,
used
as
a
word,
which
is
formed
from
the
initial
components
in
a
phrase
or
a
word. Usually these components are individual letters (as in NATO or laser) or parts of words or
names
5.

Convention
A convention is a selection from among two or more alternatives, where the rule or alternative is
agreed upon among participants. Often the word refers to unwritten customs shared throughout a
community.
For
instance,
it
is
conventional
in
many
societies
that
strangers
being
introduced
shake
hands.
Some
conventions
are
explicitly
legislated;
for
example,
it
is
conventional
in
the
United States and in Germany that motorists drive on the right side of the road, whereas in New
Zealand, England, Australia, Mauritius, and Barbados motorists drive on the left.
6.

Fitting vs component vs accessory
Any
machine
component,
piping
or
tubing
part that can attach or connect two or more larger parts.

Computer components

7.

Extend vs Expand
- To extend = to increase or be increased in length or distance, in one dimension;
- To expand = to increase or be increased in size, in two or more dimensions.
Examples of Expansion and Extension (how to teach your child)
Expansion: Expand the child's
the child's utterance. This gives the child a good speech model for reinforcement. For example, the
child says,

Extension: Extend the child's
related comment. For example, the child says,
car.
8.

Audio vs Voice
Audio
refers
to
an
electrical
signal
that
is
being
transmitted
and
received.
When
this
electrical
signal is converted into audible acoustical pressure variations, we call it sound.
9.

Forwarding rate
转发

Switching rate
交换

Transmission rate
传输

10.

Disk Storage, bandwidth rate
·
1 Bit = Binary Digit
·
8 Bits = 1 Byte
·
1000 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte

·
1000 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte

·
1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte

·
1000 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte

·
1000 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte

·
1000 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
·
1000 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte

·
1000 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte

·
1000 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
·
1000 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

11.

SFP transceiver


Front view of SFP module.

The
small
form-factor
pluggable
(SFP)
is
a
compact,
hot-pluggable
transceiver

used
for
both
telecommunication
and data communications applications. The form factor and electrical interface
are specified by a multi-source agreement (MSA). It interfaces a network device
motherboard
(for
a
switch
, router, media converter or similar device) to a fiber optic or copper networking cable.

12.

Transceiver

A
transceiver
is
a
device
comprising
both
a
transmitter

and
a
receiver
.
When
no
circuitry
is
common between transmit and receive functions, the device is a transmitter-receiver
13.

Ethernet
A family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs).
14.

RJ45 port, SFP port

The W
AN Ethernet looks like the above picture.

It
has
both
the
Small
Form-Factor
Pluggable
(SFP)
on
the
right
for
fiber,
and
copper
(RJ-45)
Gigabit Ethernet connectivity
Either the SFP port (operating at 100/1000 Mbps) or the RJ-45 (operating at 10/100/1000 Mbps)
port can be active at one time.
Built in ethernet is part of the chassis, and not on a separate module, like the picture above.
IP addresses can be assigned to either type of interface, built in or added as a port on
module, and
will be routed ports.

15.

Baud rate vs Bit rate
Baud
, unit symbol
Synonymous to
symbols per second
or
pulses per second
. It is the unit of symbol rate, also known
as
baud
or
modulation rate
;

Baud rate vs bit rate (good)
The
two
most
common/confused
words
in
digital
communication
–

Bit
rate
and
Baud
rate.
Generally, communication is concerned with transmission of data. In digital communication, there
are two entities that are needed to carry out communication
–
the data to be transmitted and the
signal over which the data is transmitted. Now, we have two entities to be worried about
–
the data
and the signal. The most common misconception is that most people think both travel at the same
speed!
–
NO!
The difference:
Digital data is very different from digital signal. The process of converting digital data to digital
signal is called as line coding. Now, to discriminate between data and signal, data is what we need
to send. But signal is what we can send. So, signal is the carrier which carries data. Also, keep in
mind that the smallest entity of the data, that can represent a piece of information is called data
element and shortest meaningful unit of a signal is called signal element. Consider this as in the
following scenario
–
Consider a train. Each carriage is a signal element. Each passenger inside the