sentence英语议论文结构

2021年1月21日发(作者：社长)
(
一
)
英文议论文的结构特点

要求文章结构必须十分严 谨，
文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，
开头、
中间和
结尾都有严格的要求。 英语议论文共有三大特点：

1
、

观点鲜明的开头
;
2
、

紧扣主题的结尾
;
3
、

有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落

另外，
英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主 题句一定要放在段首，
而不能按照
中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，
换句话说 ，
每段的内容都是根据首句
来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。





在中心统一这个问题
,
应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯： 表示支持则
旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。

（二
)
作文开头

1-1
对立法

:
先引出其他人的不同看法
,
然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看
法
,
适用于有争议性的主题
.


[1].
When
asked
about.....,
the
vast/overwhelming
majority
of
people
say
that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.


[2].
When
it
comes
to ....
,
some
people
believe that .......
Others
argue/claim
that
the
opposite/reverse
is
true
.
There
is
probably
some
truth
in
both
arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)


[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that ....
They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

1-2
现象法

引出要剖析的现象或者问题
,
然后评论

.


[1].
Recently
the
rise
in
problem
of/(phenomenon
of) ...
has
cause/aroused
public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.


[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...


has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)


[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter
truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

1-3
观点法

----
开门见山
,
直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法
.


[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...


Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. been more visible/popular
than...


[2].
Now
people
in
growing/significant
numbers
are
beginnig/coming
to
realize/accept/(be aware) that...


[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......


Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......


[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......

1-4
引用法

-----
先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法
,
来引出文章要展开论
述的观点
!


[1].
been shared by more and more people .



is
not
complete
with
gradulation.
Such
is
the
opnion
of
a
great
American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.


[2].


In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this
1-5
比较法

------
通过对过去
,
现在

两种不同的倾向
,
观点的比较

,
引出文章要
讨论的观点
.


[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now.
With the growing ... , people ....... .


[2].
People
used
to
think
that ...
(In
the
past, ....)
But
people
now
share
this
new .
1-6
问题法

-----
先用讨论或解答的设问
,
引出自己观点
,
适用于有争议性的话
题
.


Should/What ......
?
Options
of ...
vary
greatly
,
some ...,
others ...But
in
my
opinion , ...... .
（三）作文结尾

结尾万能公式一：如此结论。说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，比如下面的例子：

obviously
（此为过渡短语）
, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise
from politeness and respect for others.

更多过渡短语：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
thus, it can be concluded that…, therefore, we can find that…

结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用 的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的
废话了
.

obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
更多句型：
accordingly, i recommend that some measures be taken.
consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
（四）过渡词

层次：

5
）
to begin with, then, furthermore, finally
（强烈推荐）

6
）
to start with, next, in addition, finally
（强烈推荐）

7
）
first and foremost, besides, last but not least
（强烈推荐）

8
）
most important of all, moreover, finally
9
）
on the one hand, on the other hand
（适用于两点的情况）