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german英语的句型结构大全

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-21 12:25
tags:

病人-german

2021年1月21日发(作者:celtic)
英语句型大全手册-详尽版

1.
疑问句型

what is this?

结构︰问句:
what

be
动词+
this

that
…)?


答句:
this

that
…)+
be
动词+
a book

pen
…)



说明︰此句型意为“这(那)是什么?这(那)是书(钢笔…)


what
(什么)叫做“疑
问词”
,用于询问“事物”
,通常放在句首,后接
be <
动词
>
,再接
<
主词
>
,第
一个字母
w
要大写,句尾要加问号
(?)
,位置不可排错。

what is this? this is a chair.
这是什么?这是一张椅子。

what

s this? it

s a book.
这是什么?它是一本书。

what is that? that is a desk.
那是什么?那是一张书桌。

what are these?

结构︰问句:
what are

these

those
…?


答句:
these

those are
+复数名词(+
s

es




说明︰
<
主词
>

<
动词>
的形式要一致,
is
后面接单数
<
名词
>

are
后面要接复数
<
名词
>

what
are
these?
these
are
books.
这些是什么?这些是书。

what are those? those are cups.
那些是什么?那些是茶杯。

what are they? they are glasses.
它们是什么?它们是玻璃杯。

what are you?

结构︰问句:
what

be
动词+主词(人)…?


答句:主词+
be
动词+
a student
…。


说明︰此句型意为
“你是做什么事情的?我是学生…”

疑问词
what
除了询问事物之外,
还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”

be & lt;
动词
>

<
人称代名词
>
的变化而改变形
态,如:
i am

we are

you are

he is
…。
what are you? i am a student.
你是做什么
事情的?我是一名学生。

what is she? she is a teacher.
她是做什么事情的?她是一名教师。

are you a ...?

结构︰问句:
be < br>动词(
am

are

is
)+主词+…?


肯定简答:
yes
,主词+
am

are

is




否定简答:
no
,主词+
am

are

is

not< br>。


说明︰在否定
<
简答句
> ;
中,
<
主词
>

am

is

are
可以缩写;
在肯定
<
简答句
>
中则不可。
is he a student? yes, he is. (no, he isn

t.)
他是学生吗?是
的,他是。
(不,他不是。

are you a teacher? yes, i am. (no, i

m not.)
你是教师
吗?是的,我是。
(不,我不是。

is that a clock? yes, it is. (no, it isn

t.)

是钟表吗?是的,它是。
(不,它不是。

what is your name?

结构︰问句:
what

is
+所有格+
name?

答句:所有格+
name

is
+名字。


说明︰“
my

your

his

her
”为单数人称的
<
所有格
>
<
所有格
>
后面必

<
名词
>



<
所有格
>
<
名词
>


<
所有格
& gt;
不可与
a

an

this

t hat

these

those
紧接一起使用。

what is your name? my name is sue.
妳叫什么名字?我的名字叫苏。

what is his name? his name is john.
他叫什么名字?他的名字叫约翰。

what is her name? her name is jean.
她叫什么名字?她的名字叫珍。

who is that ...?

结构︰问句:
who

be
动词+
that
+形容词+名词?


答句:
that is
+名字。


说明︰
who

<
疑问代名词
>
, 询问人的“姓名”或“关系”
;将
<
形容词
>
直接放在
<
名词
>
前面,叫做“前位修饰”

who is that short boy? that is bill.
那位矮男孩是谁?那位是比尔。

who is that tall girl? that is mary.
那位高女孩是谁?那位是玛丽。

who is that fat man? he is my uncle.
那位胖男子是谁?那位是我叔叔。

where is ...?

结构︰问句:
where

be
动词(
am

are

is
)+主词…?


答句:主词+
be
动词+
in the
+名词…。


说明︰问句是

where
...?


简答时可用
<
副词词组
> ;

in

on
the

<
名词
>



where is sue? she is in her room.
苏在那里?她在她的房间里。

where are your books? on the desk.
你的书在那里?在书桌上。

where is your mother? she is in the kitchen.
你妈吗在哪里?她在厨房里。

are you v-ing ...?

结构︰
am

are

is
)+主词+现在分词…?


说明︰此句型意为“<
主词
>
(人,物)正在…吗?”
。这一
<
句型
>
转换的三
要素是:
be <
动词
>
移到句首;改为大写;句尾用问号。

is mary sleeping?
玛丽正在睡觉吗?

are you reading a book?
你正在看书吗?

is the dog playing?
小狗正在玩耍吗?

what are you doing?

结构︰问句:
what

am

are

is
)+主词+现在分词?


答句:主词+
am

are

is
)+现在分词…。


说明︰“
<
主词
>
(人)正在 做什么?
<
主词
>
(人)正在…”
。注意:
& lt;
祈使句
>
的动词只能用原形,
不可造
<
现在进行式
>

表示
“瞬间产生”
的动作的
<
动词词组
>
,如
sit down

stand up
,不可造
<
现在进行式
>

what am i doing?
you are reading a book.
我正在做什么?

你正在阅读一本书。

what are the girls doing? they are singing.
姑娘们正在做什么?

她们在唱歌。

what is bill writing? he is writing a letter.
比尔在写什么?

他在写一封信。

how old are you?

结构︰问句:
how old

be
动词+主词(某人)?


答句:主词(某人)+
be
动词+
year(s) old



说明︰此句型意为
“某人几岁?某人是…岁”

该句型中,
<
疑问词
>
要用
how


可用
what
;且
be <
动词
>

am

is

are
)要 和后面的
<
主词
>(
某人
)
配合;答
句中的“
year(s) old
”可以省略。

how old are you? i am twelve (years old).
你几岁?我十二岁。

how old is your sister? she is thirteen years old.
你的姊妹几岁?她十三岁。

how old is john? he is one year old.
约翰几岁?他一岁。

what time is it?

结构︰问句:
what time is it



答句:
it is
+数字+
o

clock



说明︰此句型意为“现在是几点钟?现在是…点钟”
。问句中
what

<
形容词
>

修饰后面的
<
名 词
> time

time
当时间解时,只能用单数,不可用复数。

what time is it? it is ten o

clock.
现在是几点钟?现在是十点钟。

what time is it? it is six o

clock.
现在是几点钟?现在是六点钟。

what time is it? it is nine o

clock.
现在是几点钟?现在是九点钟。

do you + v ...?

结构︰问句:
do

does
+主词+原形动词…?


肯定简答:
yes
,主词+
do

doe s



否定简答:
no
,主词+
don

t

doesn

t



说明︰肯定句中,如有一般
<
动词
>

spe ak

work

teach
…)
,则在句首加
& lt;
助动词
>
do

does
,并将一般< br><
动词
>
改为原形
<
动词
> ;
(不加
s

es

,即
构成
<< br>疑问句
>


do you speak english? yes, i do. (no, i don

t.)

你讲英语吗?是的,我讲英语。
(不,我不讲英语。


does she have a cat? yes, she does. (no, she doesn

t.)

她有一只猫吗?是的,她有一只猫。
(不,她没有一只猫。


do they work in office? yes, they do. (no, they don

t.)

他们在办公室里工作吗?是的,他们在办公室里 工作。
(不,他们不在办公室里工作。


what time do you + v ...?

结构︰问句:
what time

do

does
+主词+原形动词…?


答句:主词(某人)+一般动词…+时间。


说明︰此句型意为“某人几点做某事?”
<
助动词
> do

does
的选择依
<


>< br>而定,若
<
主词
>
为第三人称单数,用
does
;其它用
do


what
time
do
you
get
up?
i
usually
get
up
at
six.
你几点起床?我通常六点起床。

what time does he go to bed? he usually goes to bed at ten.
他几点就寝?他通常
十点就寝。
what time does your class begin? it begins at eight-ten.

你的课几点开始?八点十分开始。

what day is today?

结构︰问句:
what day is today



答句:
it

s

sunday

monday
/…。


说明︰此句型意为“今天是星期几?今天是星期日/星期一/…。

it
可用于指“星期
的名称”
,但
this

that < br>不可以;一星期七天的名称,都是
<
专有名词
>
,开头的 首
字母要大写,前面不加
<
冠词
>


what day is today? it

s sunday.
今天是星期几?今天是星期日。

what day is today? it

s wednesday.
今天是星期几?今天是星期三。

what day is today? it

s saturday.
今天是星期几?今天是星期六。

how many n are there ...

结构︰问句:
how many
+复数名词+
are there in

on
+名词?


答句:
there is

are
+单数(复数)名词+
i n

on
+名词。


说明︰此句型意为“在某处有多少…?在某处有…。
”该句型中,
many
修饰复数
<


>
;又因本句型是
<
疑问句
>
,故用
are there
,不可用
there are


how many seasons are there in a year? there are four seasons in a year.

一年有几个季节?

一年有四季。

how many days are there in a week? there are seven days in a week.

一星期有几天?

一星期有七天。

how many lessons are there in this book? there are twelve lessons in this book.

这本书里有几课?

这本书里有十二课。

how many ... do you have?

结构︰问句:
how many
+复数名词+
do

does
+主词+
have



答句:主词+
have

has
…+复数名词+…。


答句:主词+
don

t

doesn< br>’
t have
…+复数名词…。


说明︰

how
many

后面接复数
<
可数名词
>

复数
<
名词
>< br>的前面可用
many

a lot of

a few
some

few

any

no
等修饰。

how many books do you have? i have a lot of books. (i don

t have any books.)

你有几本书?

我有许多书。
(我没有书。


how
many
sweaters
do
you
have?
i
have
three
sweaters.
(i
don

t
have
any
sweaters.)
你有几件毛衣?

我有三件毛衣。
(我没有毛衣。


how
many
friends
does
she
have?
she
has
a
lot
of
friends.
(she
doesn

t
have
many
friends.)
她有几个朋友?

她有许多朋友。
(她没有许多朋友。


how much ... do you have?

结构︰问句:
how m uch
+单数不可数名词+
do

does
+主词+
hav e



答句:主词+
have

has
…+单数不可数名词。


答句:主词+
don

t

doesn< br>’
t have
…+单数不可数名词。


说明︰“
how much
”后面接单数
<
不可数名词
>
,单数
<
不可数名词
>
前面可
用< br> much

a little

some

li ttle

any

no
等修饰。

how much tea does he have? he has a lot of tea. (he doesn

t have any tea.)

他有多少茶?

他有很多茶。
(他没有茶。


how much homework do they have? they have a lot of homework. (they don

t have
much
homework.)
他们有多少家庭作业?

他们有许多家庭作业。
(他们没有许多家庭作业。


how much fruit do they have? they have a lot of fruit. (they don

t have a lot
of fruit.)
他们有多少水果?

他们有许多水果。
(他们没有许多水果。


how much do(es) ... cost?

结构︰
how much do

es
)+某物+
cost
…?


说明︰此句型意为“某物值多少钱?”

how much
用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作:

how much

be <
动词
>
+某物?。

how much do the movie tickets cost?
这些电影票值多少钱?

did ... v ...

结构︰
did
+主词+原形动词+…过去时间?


说明︰将肯定句中的过去式改为

did
+原形
<
动词>


并将
did
放在句首,
句尾
用问号,即构成过去式的
<
疑问句
>


did he clean the room yesterday?
他昨天打扫房间吗?

did she wash the skirt yesterday?
她昨天洗这裙子吗?

did your brother play in the park this morning?
你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗?

did he eat lunch yesterday?
他昨天吃午饭吗?

did you see any elephants in the zoo last week?
上星期你在动物园里看到大象了
吗?
did sue have her breakfast at eight?
苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗?

do you ever + v ...?

结构︰问句:
do

does
+主词+
ever
+原形动词…?


答句:
no
,主词+
never
+一般动词(加
s

es
)…。


说明︰
ever
通常用于
<
疑问句
>

never
通常用于否定回答;
never
也可放在句首,
后接原形
< ;
动词
>
,形成否定
<
祈使句
>
,如例句
4



你曾经使用计算机吗?不,我未曾使用过计算机。

does tom ever get up late? no, tom never gets up late.

汤姆曾经晚起床吗?不,汤姆未曾晚起床过。

does sally ever play the piano? no, sally never plays the piano.

萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗?不,萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。

never be late for school, bill.
比尔,上学绝不可迟到。

what year was he born in?

结构︰
what date

year

was

were
+主词+
born

on
in



说明︰此句型意为“你出生于几月几日(那一年)?”

born

<
原形动词
>
bear
的过去
<
分词
>
,在文法上当

<
形容词
>
,前面常有
was

wer e
;中文说“某人出生”
,英语应说:
“某人+
was

w ere born
…”

what year were you born in?
你出生于那一年?

what date was your mother born on?
你母亲出生于几月几日?

what month was your sister born in?
你妹妹出生于几月?

what will you do on ...?

结构︰
what will

did
+主词+
do

on
+时间?


说明︰此句型意为“某人在某时间将做 什么?(未来式)某人在某时做了什么事?(过
去式)

。指特定的日期(如几月几日 )
、星期几或星期几的早上(下午,晚上)
,要用介系词
on


what will you do on teacher

s day?
你在教师节将做什么事?

what will they do on christmas eve?
他们在圣诞夜将做什么事?

what will helen do on her birthday?
海伦在她生日那天将做什么事?

what did john do on new year

s day?
约翰在元旦做了什么事?

what did mary do on youth day?
玛丽在青年节做了什么事?

what did the suspect do on july ninth?
嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情?

how do you + v ...?

结构︰问句:
how

do
+主词+一般动词…?


答句:主词+一般动词…+情状副词。


说明︰
how
是问情况的
<
疑问副词
>,表示“怎样…?”
。用于说明“状态或性质”
的副词,称为
<
情状副词
>
。当用来修饰
<
不及物动词
>
时,
<
情状副词
>
位于其后;当用来修饰
<< br>及物动词
>
时,
<
情状动词
>
位 于
<
及物动词
>
的前
面或后面。

how did you do your work? i did my work happily.

你怎样做你的工作?

我很快乐地做了我的工作。

how did mrs. lin look at mr. lin? she looked at mr. lin coldly.

林太太怎样注视林先生?

她冷漠地注视林先生。

how does mr. wang drive his taxi? he drives his taxi carefully.

王先生怎样驾驶他的出租车?

他小心地驾驶他的出租车。

you are ..., aren

t you?

结构︰肯定句,+否定式助动词+主词?


说明︰这是一种反意< br><
疑问句
>
,其结构特点是:第一部分是肯定式,第二部分就用否定式。直述句的
<
主词
>

<
名词
>
时,附加问句的
<
主词
>
要用< br><

名词
>
代替:
it
代替
this

that

<
不定词
>(

<
主词
>)

<
动名词

病人-german


病人-german


病人-german


病人-german


病人-german


病人-german


病人-german


病人-german



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