chile英语中主动表被动的六种常见结构

2021年1月21日发(作者：戆直)
英语中主动表被动的六种常见结构


英语动词，通常都是主动形式表主动意 义、被动形式表被动意义。但在有些情况下，却
用主动形式表被动意义。现将这些情况总结如下：

一、某些系动词
+
形容词

常见的这类系动词有：
look ,feel ,smell, sound, taste, prove, turn out
（结果是，证明是）
等。例如：

This coat feels very soft and smooth.
What he said sounds reasonable.
The medicine tastes bitter.
All he said proved (to be) true.
The flowers smelling sweet (= which smell sweet) in the botanic garden attract the visitors to
the beauty of nature.

We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite turn out as planned.

二、某些用作不及物意义的动词
+
副词

常见的这类动词有：
wash, clean, cook, eat, drink, brew, fry, bake, iron, cut , dye , dry,
sell,
read,
write,
teach,
translate,
record,
wear,
draw,
drive,
ride,
lock,
unlock,
close ,shut ,open, break, smoke, play, act, wind up, make up, blow, keep, burn, light ,
strike(
划着
),
fire
,
pull,
fill,
begin,
start,
finish,
complete,
run(
运转
),
stop,
end,
owe,
print, move, let(
出租
), carry, handle, kill, , milk, pack, pick, split
等。

这时：
（
1
）句子的主语通常指物。
（
2
）用来表示主语的内在品 质、特征、状态或性质。
(3)
通常
和副词

easily,
well,
quickly,
smoothly,
badly,
poorly,
nicely,
wonderfully,
perfectly, comfortably
等连用。
例如：

1
、
He paid all that was owing.
2
、
The tea is brewing.
3
、
Because the shop is closing down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
4
、
—
What are you going to do this afternoon?
—
I am
going to
the cinema with
some friends. The film
finishes quite early, so
we are
going to the bookstore after that.

5
、
Books of this kind sell well.


6
、
This knife cuts easily.
7
、
This kind of cloth washes well, irons easily and wears long.
8
、
The paper tears easily.
9
、
This article translates well and reads easily.
10
、
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
11
、
The school opens at 7
∶
45 and classes begin at 8:00.
12
、
The cigar smokes badly.
13
、
he cakes eat deliciously.
14
、
---Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
---
No, dear. They don’t keep well. Put them in the fridge instead.


1
15
、
His voice doesn't carry well.
16
、
This material does not dye well but dries quickly.
17
、
The damp match won't strike.
注意：在这里动词都是当作不及物动词使用，用主动形式表被动强调的是主语本身所具
有的某种内在的品质，促进、妨碍或阻止动词表示动作的实现；如果用被动语态则强调
外界作用 造成的影响，动词表示的动作的实现与否和主语的品质无关，主要取决于动作
的执行者。试比较：


This novel doesn’t sell well.
这本小说销售不畅。
（是小说本身的原因）


These novels have not been sold.
这些小说没有销出去。
（由于其它原因没有卖出去，与
小说本身无关）

The door won’t lock
．门锁不上。
（门本身有毛病）

The door wasn’t locked
．门没锁。
（人没把门锁上，与门本身无关）


The text teaches well.
这篇课文好教。
（由于课文本身的内容才使得这课文
“
好教
”
）





The text is not taught well.
这篇课文没有教好。
（与课文本身无关，
问题是动作执行 者没
有把课文教好。

三、某些不及物动词（短语）

常见的这类动词有：
happen,
occur,
take
place,
belong
to
,break
out,
last,
run
out
,go
out(
熄灭
), go down(
下降
)
，
cost, spread
，
come(
传来
)
，
come on(
开始
), come out(
出版
),
come up(
出现
), come into being(
产生
), come to one’s mind
（想起）
, come about
（发生）
,
come true, give out, suit, fit, add up(to),catch fire, measure, weigh
等





























1
、
The war broke out in 1938 and lasted eight years.




2
、
The big house belongs to me.
3
、
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th
century.
4
、
The bridge measures 30 meters across.
5
、
The news came that our team had won the game.
6
、
A terrible accident happened last night.
7
、
The price has gone down
，
but I doubt whether it will remain so
．

8
、
The evening news comes on a
t seven o’clock and lasts only thirty minutes.


四、某些介词
+
名词

常见的介词有：
under, beyond, in, on, for, out of
等。

(1) “under +
名词
”
结构
,
表示某事
“
在进行中
”
。
例如：

The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).
He is said to be under arrest for stealing.
The house under repair is our classroom building.
类似的结构还有：
under construction (
在建造中
)
，
under treatment
（在治疗中）
, under
question
（在审讯中）
，
under attack
（在进攻中）
，
under consideration
（在考虑中）
，
under
contact
（在联系中）
，
under examination
（在审查中）
，
under investigation
（在调查中）
，
under review
（在审议中）
，

under trial
（在受审中）
，
under control
（在被控制中）等。

(2) “beyond +
名词”
结构，表示
“
超出
(
胜过
)……
范围、限度
”
。

例如：


2