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bravo英语句子结构(主谓宾定状补的划分)

作者:高考题库网
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2021-01-21 12:35
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saki-bravo

2021年1月21日发(作者:switzerland是什么意思)
词性



词性
















名词


英语名称及缩写形式


Noun

(
n.
)


定义


表示人或事物的名称


例句


I bought a book.
(书)

She is a student.
(学生)



He likes that book because it
is very useful to him.


Mike is a boy.
I saw him go into the room.


There are ten apples on the
table and I will take the first
one.


The boy is tall.
She is three years old.


The teacher treats us kindly.
The train goes fast.


It is a big tree. I like the tree.

He usually stays at home on
Sundays.


He and I are in the same class
but we are not good friends.



Oh, ah, aha, wow.....

代词


动词


数词


Pronoun

(
pron.
)


Verb

(
v.
)

Numeral (
num.
)


代替名词、数词等


表示动作或状态


表示数量或顺序


形容词


副词


Adjective (
adj.
)
(......

)


Adverb (
adv.
)
(......

)

Article (
art.
)


Preposition (
prep.
)

用以修饰名词,
表示人
或事物的特征


用以修饰动词、形容
词、副词等,表示动作
或状态的特征



用在名词前,
帮助说明
名词所指的人或事物



用在名词、
代词等的前
面,
说明它与别的词之
间的关系



用来连接词与词、
短语
与短语或句子与句子











冠词


介词


连词


Conjunction (
conj.
)

感叹词








Interjection (
interj.
)

表示说话时的感情或
口气



1
句子成分


1.
主语

( subject ) :
句子要说明的人或事物,
是句子的主体,

一般位于句首。
一般由名词、
代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。

Lucy likes her new bike. (
名词
)
We work hard. (
代词)

Three is enough for each of us. (
数词)

To see is to believe.
(不定式)

Playing football after school is great fun.
(动名词短语)

What we need is time. (
主语从句
,what
是引导词)

Who will be our monitor hasn

t been decided yet.(
主语从句,
who
是引导词)


2.

谓语
:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。










动词常分为实 义动词(行为动词)、连系动词
/be
动词、情态动词和助动词。


be
动词
/
连系动词

行为动词

is, am, are, was were
可以单独作谓语

sing, dance, watch, play...
可以单独作谓语

肯定:
She is tall.
否定:
She is not tall.

(be
动词后加
not)
疑问:
Is she tall? (be
动词提前)

肯定
: She dances well.
否定:
She doesn

t dance well.
疑问:
Does she dance well?
行为动词的否定和疑问需借助于助动词

情态动词

can,
could,
must,
may,
might,
You must study harder. (
情态动词
+
实义动词
)
will, would, should...
You should be more careful. (
情态动词
+be
动词)

不能单独作谓语,
和实义动词

be
动词一起构成合成谓语

do, does, did, has, have
不能单独作谓语,
和实义动词
原形一起构成谓语

She didn

t like dancing.
Did she like dancing?

助动词


3.
宾语

表示动作行为的对象
(
动作承受者
)

跟在及物动词或介词 之后,
能作宾语的有名词、
代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等。


We like English.
(名词)




I play with him.

(
代词)




We enjoy playing football.

(动名词
)



He wants to go home. (
不定式)



有些及物动词可以带两个宾语 ,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的
叫直接宾语。


He gave me two books.
(间接宾语
+
直接宾语)


PS
:及物动词

(vt)
和不及物动词

(vi


A.

后面必须带宾语,意思才完整的动词叫做及物动词
(transitive verb)
I love my home.


He bought an English dictionary.

She taught us English.

B.

后面不需要带宾语,本身意义完整的动词叫做不及物动词


instransitive verb


She came last week.
It is raining hard.



/



Birds can fly.
若不及物动词后要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词
,如
to,of ,at
后方可跟上宾语。

She came to the store one hour ago.



/



Birds can fly to Nanjing from my hometown.






2
4

表语
:跟在连系动词后面的词语,用来说明主语的身份、特征或感受。一般由名词、数
学、代 词、形容词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词等充当。




常用的连系动词有:
be, look (
看起来),
sound
( 听起来),
smell
(闻起来)
, taste
(尝
起来)
, feel
(感觉)
, become, turn, get

My sister
is
a nurse.

(
名词)

The book is mine. (
代词)

Five and five is ten.
(
数词)

This desk is long.
(形容词)

His job
is
to teach English.
(不定式)

His hobby
is
playing football.
(动名词)

The picture is on the wall.
(介词短语)

Time
is
up. The class is over.
(副词)

The truth
is
that he has never been abroad.
(表语从句,
that
是引导词)

The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. (
表语从句,
when
是引导词)


5.

定语


在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用 作定语的主要是形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语等。形容词,代词,
数词,名词等作 定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。


He is a n
e
w student.
(形容词)




I have three pens. (
数词)




但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。


The bike in the room is mine. (
介词短语)




My Chinese teacher is a woman with two big eyes.

(
介词短语)

The best place to visit is Beijing.

(
不定式
)
She is the girl who likes singing. (
定语从句,
who
是引导词)



6.

状语
:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间,地点,方式,因果 ,条件,让步,方
向,程度,目的等。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。
( 单个副词作状
语一般放在被修饰词之前,
短语或从句作状语放在句首或句末。
副词修饰 动词时应放在动词
之后。)





John often came to chat with me.
(副词
-
程度状语,不定式
-
目的状语)




As he was ill
, he didn’t come to class
yesterday.
(从句
-
原因状语,副词
-
时间状语)




She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. (
介词短语
-
地点状语,分词短语
-
伴随状语)




He came running. (
分词
-
方式状语)




My father worked in this school ten years ago. (
介词短语
-
地点状语,名词短语
-
时间状语)

If he comes back, please let me know. (if
引导的条件状语从句)


7.

补语
:用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态等,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起





构成复合宾语。因为英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾 语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,
才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词如
make

let,
help,
teach, see, have, order

+
宾语
+
宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、 副词、不定式、分词、介词
短语和从句充当。





His father named him Dongming.
(名词)
/ We will make them happy.
(形容词)





Let the fresh air in.
(副词)


/


We saw her entering the room.
(现在分词)





We found everything in the lab in good order.
(介词短语)





We will soon make our city what your city is now.
(从句)





The doctor told me to do more exercise. (
不定式短语)


3
英语句子基本结构

英语句子有五个基本句式
:
1.

主语
+
谓语

2.

主语
+
谓语
+
宾语

3.

主语
+
谓语
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语

4.

主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语

5.

主语
+
系动词
+
表语



1. S

V (
主语
+
谓语
) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,
即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及
物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

常见的不及物动词有:

work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, cry, happen

S
Time
The moon
The man
We all

Everybody

They

He

The bell







V(
不及物动词
)
flies.
rose.
cooked.
eat and drink.
laughed.
have talked for half an hour.
is playing.
is ringing.

4
2.S

V

P (
主语
+
系动词
+
表语
)
此句型的句子有一个共 同的特点:
句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,
必须加上一个
表明主语身份或状 态的表语构成复合谓语,
才能表达完整的意思。
其系动词一般可分为两类:



:表示状态






be

is, am, are, was, were),

look
看起来
, smell
闻起来
, sound
听起来
, taste
尝起来
, seem
好像,
keep
保持



:表示变化

become

get

turn

grow

go

S
This
The dinner
He

Everything
The weather
His face
He

The story
He

注意:有些系动词同时也是及物动词,可构成
SVO
句式,例如:

He looked me up and down
.他上下打量我。

They are tasting the fish
.他们在品尝鱼。

They grow rice in their home town
.他们在家乡种水稻。

I got a chair yesterday
.我昨天得到一把椅子。


注:如何辨别系动词

有些动词既可做连系动词又可以做实义动词。一个简单的辨别方 法即用连系动词
be
替换句
子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词,反之,不能 替换的就是行为动词。

She looks beautiful.
(系)
















Look at the picture.

He felt the book with his right hand.



The silk feels soft.
(系)


V(
系动词
)
is
smells
feels
looks
became
turned
is
sounds
stood
P
an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
warmer.
red.
tall and strong.
interesting.
still.

5
3.S

V

O (
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
)
此句型句子的共同特点是 :
谓语动词都具有实义,
都是主语产生的动作,
但不能表达完整的
意思,必须 跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。


S
He
He

They

They


I

4.S

V

O1

O2
(主语
+
谓语
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,
这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。

一般顺序为:动词
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语

强调间接宾语顺序为:动词
+
直接宾语
+
介词
+
间接宾 语


引导双宾语的常见动词有:

buy
买,
pass
传递
, lend
借给
, give

, tell
告诉
, teach

, show
出示
, bring
带来
, send
发送


He gave me a book/a book to me
.他给我一本书。

He brought me a pen/a pen to me
.他带给我一枝钢笔。

He offered me his seat/his seat to me
.他把座位让给我。

注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:

Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。

He got me a chair/a chair for me
.他给我弄了一把椅子。

Please do me a favor/a favor for me
.请帮我一下。

He asked me a question/a question of me
.他问我个问题。

V(
及物动词
)
knows
prefers

ate
built
don't know
O
the answer.

to make web pages.
不定式

some cakes.
a house last year.
what I should do next.
宾语从句


6

saki-bravo


saki-bravo


saki-bravo


saki-bravo


saki-bravo


saki-bravo


saki-bravo


saki-bravo



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