wool英语学习中的六种基本句型结构87012

2021年1月21日发(作者：nob)
英语学习中的六种基本句型结构

句型
1
：

Subject (
主语
)
＋

Verb (
谓语动词
)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，
常见的动词如：

work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen
等。
如：



1) Li Ming works very hard.
李明学习很努力。



2) The little girl cried even harder.
小女孩哭得更厉害了。



3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.
事故是昨天下午发生的。


句型
2
：
Subject (
主语
)
＋

Link. V(
系动词
)
＋

Predicate(
表语
)

复合谓语

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：


(1)
表示状态。这样的词有：
be, remain, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep, feel
等。如：




1) This kind of food tastes delicious.
这种食物吃起来很可口。




2) He looked worried just now.
刚才他看上去有些焦急。


(2)
表示变化。这类系动词有：
become, turn, get, grow, go
等。如：




1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.






春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。




2) The tree has grown much taller than before.






这棵树比以前长得高多了。



三、句型
3
：
Subject(
主语
)
＋

Verb (
谓语动词
)
＋

Object (
宾语
)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其 宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：



1) He took his bag and left.
（名词）

他拿着书包离开了。





2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (
代词
)







当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。





3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.
（不定式）








她打算在即将到来的
“
五一
”
外出旅游。



4) I don’t know what I should do next. (
从句
)
我不知道下一步该干什么。

※


只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：
want, hope, expect, intend, demand, plan, decide, determine, promise, agree, refuse, prepare,
manage, set out
等。

初中英语教材里后接动名词和不定式作宾语的动词

一、有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。例如：

help
，
hope< br>，
ask
，
refuse
，
decide
，
promise
，
wish
，
pretend
，
expec t
，
learn
，
plan
，
manage
，agree
，

fail
，
offer
，
ha ppen
，
seem
等等。

例如：


He refused to speak on the radio.


二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语：

mind
，
finish
，
enjoy
，
suggest
，
consider
，
miss
，
keep(on)
，
avoid
避开，躲开 ，
stand(
忍受
)
，

allow
，
practicegive up
，
put off
，
look forward to
期待，期望，
feel like
想要做某事，

prevent…from
，阻止
can't help
禁不住，不由自主

迫不及待，
be/get used to
，
be worth doing
，



be busy doing


例如：

His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.




I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.






She doesn't feel like eating anything
，
being ill for a few days.

三、有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如：

like
，
love
，
hate
，
prefer
，

begin
，
start.

注意：
begin
和
start
本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。
例如：

When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.

After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

四、有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：

A
．
remember
，
forget
，接动名词，表示完成意义
(=having done)
，接不定式，表示将来意义：

例如：
Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.



I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.

B
．
mean
：
mean to do=want to do
打算，想要
……
；
mean doing
：意味着，就是

例如：
I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings
，


Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.

C
．
stop
：
stop to do
停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；
stop doing
停止干
……
，动名词作宾语。

例如：

After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.




After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.

D
．
try
：
try to do
，
努力，
试图干
……
事；
try doing
：
试着干
……
事。

例如：
He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.

He
came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.


E
．
want
，
need
，
require
接动名 词表示被动意义，表示

需要、该
……
；接不定式，表示

想， 要干
……
。


例如：
The room wants cleaning.

The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)



F
．
go on
：
go on to do
继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。
go on doing
继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。
例如：

After a smoke
，
he went on telling us that interesting story.

After writing his English composition he went on to work out
his maths problems.

G
．动词
advise
，
allow
，
permit
，
forbid
后面接单宾语时用动名 词，接复合宾语时

用动词不定式。例如：
Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.

The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health.



She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She
doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.

大家都知道在动词不定式
to do
中，
“to”是不定式的标志，有了这个
to
，后面所跟的动词该用原形。但是
to
也 有可以省略的
时候，这个时候虽然没有了
to
，后面所跟的动词依然用原形。今天的每 日一课就给大家总结一些省略
to
的动词不定式。


1
、

情态动词

（

除
ought
外）

后的
to
已省略。

例：
You must go to the hospital first.
你必须先去医院。


I can swim well.
我能游得很好。

2
、

使役动词

let, have, make
后，感官动词

see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find
等词后的
to
省
略。

例：
He made the baby crying all night long.
他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。


Let it be.
就这样吧。


when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers.
我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。

注意：在这些词的用法中，用于被动语态时不能省去
to
。

例：
I saw him dance.
我看见他跳舞。


=He was seen to dance.



The boss made them work the whole night.
老板让他们整夜干活。


=They were made to work the whole night.

3
、

would rather/had better
后的
to
省略。

例：
I would rather go to Japan than the USA.
我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。


You had better take a hat with you.
你最好带上一顶帽子。

4
、

why…/why not…
句型中
not
后
to
省略。

例：
why not come to my home for a dinner tonight
？


今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。

5
、

help
后可带
to
，也可不带
to, help sb
（
to
）

do sth
：

6
、

but
和
except
后。
but
前是实义动词
do
时，后面出现的不定式不带
to
。

比较：
He wants to do nothing but go out.
他只想出去玩。


He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
除了吃这药，他什么都信。

7
、

由
and, or
和
than
连接的两个不定式，第二个
to
可以省去：

例：
He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter.
他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。





一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的
24
个常用动词



afford to do sth.
担负得起做某事



agree to do sth.
赞同做某事



arrange to do sth.
布置做某事



ask to do sth.
要求做某事



beg to do sth.
恳求做某事



care to do sth.
想要做某事



choose to do sth.
决议做某事



decide to do sth.
决议做某事



demand to do sth.
要求做某事



determine to do sth.
决计做某事



expect to do sth.
等待做某事



fear to do sth.
惧怕做某事



help to do sth.
协助做某事



hope to do sth.
希望做某事



learn to do sth.
学习做某事



manage to do sth.
设法做某事



offer to do sth.
自动提出做某事



plan to do sth.
计划做某事



prepare to do sth.
预备做某事



pretend to do sth.
伪装做某事



promise to do sth.
容许做某事



refuse to do sth.
回绝做某事



want to do sth.
想要做某事



wish to do sth.
希望做某事



注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：



aim to do sth.
计划做某事



fail to do sth.
未能做某事



long to do sth.
盼望做某事



happen to do sth.
碰巧做某事



hesitate to do sth.
犹疑做某事



struggle to do sth.
努力做某事

※


只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
suggest, mind, enjoy, practice, finish, prevent, imagine, consider, look forward to, get used to,
give up, can’t help
等。

接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的
34
个常用动词



admit doing sth.
供认做某事











advise doing sth.
建议做某事



allow doing sth.
允许做某事











appreciate doing sth.
感谢做某事



avoid doing sth.
防止做某事











consider doing sth.
思索做某事



delay doing sth.
推延做某事











deny doing sth.
否认做某事



discuss doing sth.
讨论做某事









dislike doing sth.
不喜欢做某事



enjoy doing sth.
喜欢做某事











escape doing sth.
逃脱做某事



excuse doing sth.
原谅做某事










fancy doing sth.
想象做某事



finish doing sth.
完成做某事










forbid doing sth.
制止做某事



forgive doing sth.
原谅做某事









give up doing sth.
保持做某事



imagine doing sth.
想象做某事










understand doing sth.
了解做某事



keep doing sth.
坚持做某事












mention doing sth.
提及做某事



mind doing sth.
介意做某事












miss doing sth.
错过做某事



pardon doing sth.
原谅做某事










permit doing sth.
允许做某事



practice doing sth.
练习做某事








prevent doing sth.
阻止做某事



prohibit doing sth.
制止做某事








put off doing sth.
推延做某事



report doing sth.
报告做某事










risk doing sth.
冒险做某事



stop doing sth.
中止做某事












suggest doing sth.
建议做某事

接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相反的
12
个动词



like to do sth / like doing sth.
喜欢做某事



love to do sth / love doing sth.
喜欢做某事



hate to do sth / hate doing sth.
憎恶做某事



prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth.
宁可做某事



begin to do sth / begin doing sth.
开端做某事



start to do sth / start doing sth.
开端做某事



continue to do sth / continue doing sth.
持续做某事



can't bear to do sth / can't bear doing sth.
不能忍耐做某事



bother to do sth / bother doing sth.
费事做某事



intend to do sth / intend doing sth.
想要做某事



attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth.
试图做某事



cease to do sth / cease doing sth.
中止做某事

七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的
7
个动词



（
1
）

remember to do sth.
记住要做某事



remember doing sth.
记住曾做过某事



（
2
）

forget to do sth.
遗忘要做某事



forget doing sth.
遗忘曾做过某事



（
3
）

regret to do sth.
懊悔（遗憾）要做某事



regret doing sth.
懊悔（遗憾）曾做过某事



（
4
）

try to do sth.
设法要做某事



try doing sth.
做某事试试看有何效果



（
5
）

mean to do sth.
计划做某事



mean doing sth.
意味着做某事



（
6
）

can't help to do sth.
不能协助做某事



can't help doing sth.
禁不住做某事



（
7
）

go on to do sth.
做完某预先接着做另一事



go on doing sth.
持续做不断在做的事



注：
stop to do sth.
与
stop doing sth.
也不同，前者指停下来去做某事，后者指中止正在做的事。



want sb to do sth
想做



make sb do sth
让某人做



mind doing sth
考虑做



finish to do sth
完成某事（强调过去已完成）



finish doing sth
完成某事



like to do sth
喜欢某事（强调某时刻想做什么）



like doing sth
喜欢某事（强调经常做）



listen to sth
听什么



hear sb to do sth
听到某人



forget to do sth
忘记过去做过什么事



forget doing sth
忘记去做什么



how to do sth
怎么做



used to do sth
过去常常做某事



wait sb to do sth
等某人去做



hope to do sth
希望做什么



sb want to do sth
某人想做什么



be busy doing sth
忙于做什么



do one's best to do sth
某人最好做什么



sb need to do sth
需要某人做某事



try to do sth
尝试去做



tell sb to do sth
告诉某人做某事



tell sb not to do sth
告诉某人不要做某事